Matenda osokoneza bongo (COPD)

Matenda osokoneza bongo (COPD) ndi matenda ofala m'mapapo. Kukhala ndi COPD kumakhala kovuta kupuma.

Pali mitundu iwiri yayikulu ya COPD:

• Matenda bronchitis, omwe amakhala ndi chifuwa chokhalitsa ndi ntchofu
• Emphysema, yomwe imakhudza kuwonongeka kwa mapapo pakapita nthawi

Anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi COPD amakhala ndi zinthu zonsezi.

Kusuta ndiye chifukwa chachikulu cha COPD. Munthu akamasuta kwambiri, amatha kukhala ndi COPD. Koma anthu ena amasuta kwazaka zambiri ndipo samapeza COPD.

Nthawi zambiri, osasuta omwe alibe protein yotchedwa alpha-1 antitrypsin amatha kudwala emphysema.

Zina mwaziwopsezo za COPD ndi izi:

• Kuwonetsedwa ndi mpweya kapena utsi wina kuntchito
• Kuwonetseredwa ndi utsi wambiri wambiri ndi kuipitsa
• Kugwiritsa ntchito moto wophika pafupipafupi popanda mpweya wabwino wabwino

Zizindikiro zimatha kuphatikizira izi:

• Chifuwa, kapena wopanda ntchofu
• Kutopa
• Matenda ambiri opuma
• Kupuma pang'ono (dyspnea) komwe kumawonjezeka ndikulimbitsa thupi
• Vuto loti munthu apume
• Kutentha

Chifukwa zizindikirazo zimayamba pang'onopang'ono, anthu ambiri sangadziwe kuti ali ndi COPD.

Chiyeso chabwino kwambiri cha COPD ndi mayeso am'mapapo otchedwa spirometry. Izi zimaphatikizapo kuwombera mwamphamvu momwe mungathere mu makina ang'onoang'ono omwe amayesa mphamvu yamapapu. Zotsatira zake zitha kufufuzidwa nthawi yomweyo.

Kugwiritsa ntchito stethoscope kumvera m'mapapu kungathandizenso, kuwonetsa nthawi yayitali yopumira kapena kupuma. Koma nthawi zina, mapapo amveka bwino, ngakhale munthu ali ndi COPD.

Kujambula mayeso m'mapapu, monga ma x-ray ndi ma CT scans atha kuyitanidwa. Ndi x-ray, mapapo angawoneke ngati abwinobwino, ngakhale munthu ali ndi COPD. Kujambula kwa CT kumawonetsa zizindikilo za COPD.

Nthawi zina, kuyesa magazi komwe kumatchedwa kuti arterial blood gas kumachitika kuti athe kuyeza kuchuluka kwa oxygen ndi kaboni dayokisaidi m'magazi.

Ngati wothandizira zaumoyo akukayikira kuti muli ndi vuto la alpha-1 la antitrypsin, mayeso amwazi adzauzidwa kuti azindikire izi.

Palibe mankhwala a COPD. Koma pali zinthu zambiri zomwe mungachite kuti muchepetse zizindikilozo ndikuti matendawa asakuliretu.

Ngati mumasuta, ino ndiyo nthawi yoti musiye. Iyi ndiye njira yabwino yochepetsera kuwonongeka kwa mapapo.

Mankhwala ogwiritsira ntchito COPD ndi awa:

• Mankhwala othandizira mwachangu othandizira kutsegula panja
• Sungani mankhwala kuti muchepetse kutupa kwamapapo
• Mankhwala odana ndi zotupa kuti achepetse kutupa munjira zopumira
• Maantibayotiki ena a nthawi yayitali

Pazovuta kwambiri kapena pakamachitika zovuta, mungafunike kulandira:

• Steroids pakamwa kapena kudzera mumitsempha (kudzera m'mitsempha)
• Bronchodilators kudzera mu nebulizer
• Thandizo la oxygen
• Kuthandizidwa ndi makina othandizira kupuma pogwiritsa ntchito chigoba kapena kugwiritsa ntchito chubu chakumapeto

Wothandizira anu amatha kukupatsani maantibayotiki panthawi yazizindikiro, chifukwa matenda amatha kupangitsa COPD kukulirakulira.

Mungafunike chithandizo cha oxygen kunyumba ngati mulibe mpweya wabwino m'magazi anu.

Kukonzanso m'mapapo sikuchiza COPD. Koma itha kukuphunzitsani zambiri za matendawa, kukuphunzitsani kupuma mwanjira ina kuti mukhalebe achangu ndikumverera bwino, komanso kukupatsani magwiridwe antchito apamwamba kwambiri.

KUKHALA NDI COPD

Mutha kuchita zinthu tsiku lililonse kuti COPD isakule kwambiri, kuteteza mapapu anu, ndikukhala athanzi.

Yendani kuti mumange nyonga:

• Funsani wothandizira kapena wothandizira momwe angayendere.
• Onjezerani pang'ono momwe mungayendere.
• Pewani kulankhula ngati simupuma mokwanira mukamayenda.
• Gwiritsani ntchito kupuma kwamilomo mukamapuma, kutulutsa mapapu anu musanapume.

Zinthu zomwe mungachite kuti musamavutike pakhomo pano ndi monga:

• Pewani mpweya wozizira kwambiri kapena nyengo yotentha kwambiri
• Onetsetsani kuti palibe amene amasuta m'nyumba mwanu
• Kuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa mpweya posagwiritsa ntchito poyatsira moto ndikuchotsa zina zonyansa
• Sinthani kupsinjika ndi malingaliro anu
• Gwiritsani ntchito mpweya ngati wakupatsani

Idyani zakudya zopatsa thanzi, kuphatikizapo nsomba, nkhuku, nyama yowonda, komanso zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba. Ngati kuli kovuta kuti mukhale wonenepa, lankhulani ndi omwe amakuthandizani kapena wazakudya pazakudya zomwe zili ndi zopatsa mphamvu zambiri.

Opaleshoni kapena njira zina zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza COPD. Ndi anthu ochepa okha omwe amapindula ndi izi:

• Ma valavu amtundu umodzi amatha kulowetsedwa ndi bronchoscopy kuti athandizire kutulutsa ziwalo zam'mapapo zomwe zimaphulika (zadzazidwa kwambiri) posankha odwala.
• Kuchita opaleshoni kuti muchotse mbali zina zamapapu omwe ali ndi matenda, omwe angathandize magawo omwe alibe matendawa kumagwira ntchito bwino kwa anthu ena omwe ali ndi emphysema.
• Kuika mapapo kwa ochepa ochepa kwambiri.

Mutha kuchepetsa nkhawa zamankhwala ndikulowa nawo gulu lothandizira.Kugawana ndi ena omwe akumana ndi mavuto omwe akukumana nawo kungakuthandizeni kuti musamve nokha.

COPD ndi matenda okhalitsa (osachiritsika). Matendawa amakula msanga ngati simusiya kusuta.

Ngati muli ndi COPD yoopsa, simudzapuma mokwanira ndi ntchito zambiri. Mutha kuloledwa kupita kuchipatala pafupipafupi.

Lankhulani ndi omwe amakupatsani za makina opumira komanso chisamaliro chakumapeto kwa matendawa.

Ndi COPD, mutha kukhala ndi mavuto ena azaumoyo monga:

• Kugunda kwamtima kosafunikira (arrhythmia)
• Kufunika kwa makina opumira ndi mankhwala a oxygen
• Kulephera kwa mtima kumanja kapena cor pulmonale (kutupa kwa mtima komanso kulephera kwa mtima chifukwa cha matenda am'mapapo)
• Chibayo
• Mapapu otayika (pneumothorax)
• Kuchepetsa thupi kwambiri komanso kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi
• Kuchepetsa mafupa (kufooka kwa mafupa)
• Zowonongeka
• Kuchuluka kwa nkhawa

Pitani kuchipinda chodzidzimutsa kapena itanani nambala yadzidzidzi yakomweko (monga 911) ngati mukufupikirako mwachangu.

Kusasuta kumalepheretsa COPD ambiri. Funsani omwe akukuthandizani zamapulogalamu osuta. Mankhwala akupezekanso kukuthandizani kusiya kusuta.

COPD; Matenda osokoneza bongo; Matenda otupa m'mapapo; Matenda; Emphysema; Matenda - aakulu

• Mankhwala osokoneza bongo - P2Y12 inhibitors
• Aspirin ndi matenda amtima
• Kukhala wachangu mutadwala matenda amtima
• Matenda osokoneza bongo - akulu - amatulutsa
• COPD - mankhwala osokoneza bongo
• COPD - mankhwala othandizira mwachangu
• COPD - zomwe mungafunse dokotala wanu
• Momwe mungapume mukakhala ndi mpweya wochepa
• Momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito nebulizer
• Momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito inhaler - palibe spacer
• Momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito inhaler - ndi spacer
• Momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito mita yanu yoyenda kwambiri
• Opaleshoni m'mapapo - kumaliseche
• Pangani chizunguliro kutuluka chizolowezi
• Kuteteza kwa oxygen
• Kuyenda ndi mavuto apuma
• Kugwiritsa ntchito mpweya kunyumba
• Kugwiritsa ntchito mpweya kunyumba - zomwe mungafunse dokotala wanu

• Spirometry
• Emphysema
• Matenda
• Kusiya kusuta
• COPD (matenda osokoneza bongo osokonezeka)
• Dongosolo kupuma

Celli BR, Zuwallack RL. Kukonzanso kwamapapo. Mu: Broaddus VC, Mason RJ, Ernst JD, et al, olemba. Murray ndi Nadel's Bookbook of Respiratory Medicine. Lachisanu ndi chimodzi. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: chap 105.

Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) webusayiti. Njira yapadziko lonse lapansi yodziwira, kuwongolera, komanso kupewa matenda opatsirana am'mapapo mwanga: lipoti la 2020. goldcopd.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/GOLD-2020-FINAL-ver1.2-03Dec19_WMV.pdf. Inapezeka pa June 3, 2020.

Han MK, Lazaro SC. COPD: matenda azachipatala ndikuwongolera. Mu: Broaddus VC, Mason RJ, Ernst JD, et al, olemba. Murray ndi Nadel's Bookbook of Respiratory Medicine. Lachisanu ndi chimodzi. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: chap 44.

National Institutes of Health, tsamba la National Heart, Lung, ndi Blood Institute. Ndondomeko yachitetezo cha dziko la COPD. www.nhlbi.nih.gov/sites/default/files/media/docs/COPD%20National%20Action%20Plan%20508_0.pdf. Idasinthidwa pa Meyi 22, 2017. Idapezeka pa Epulo 29, 2020.