Kulera ndi kulera

Kusankha kwanu njira yolerera kumadalira pazinthu zingapo, kuphatikiza thanzi lanu, kuchuluka kwa nthawi yogonana, komanso ngati mukufuna ana kapena ayi.

Nawa mafunso omwe mungaganizire posankha njira zolerera:

• Kodi njirayi imapewa bwanji kutenga mimba? Pofuna kudziwa momwe njirayi imagwirira ntchito, yang'anani kuchuluka kwa amayi omwe ali ndi pakati mwa amayi 100 omwe amagwiritsa ntchito njirayi kwa chaka chimodzi.
• Mukumva bwanji mukakhala ndi pakati? Kodi mimba yosakonzekera ingabweretse mavuto kwa mayi kapena wokondedwa wake? Kapena kodi angalandire mimba ngati idachitika mochedwa kuposa momwe amayembekezera?
• Kodi njira yakulera imawononga ndalama zingati? Kodi ndondomeko yanu ya inshuwaransi imalipira?
• Kodi zoopsa zake ndi ziti? Lankhulani za zoopsazi ndi wothandizira zaumoyo wanu musanakhulupirire zomwe mumamva kuchokera kwa ena.
• Kodi mnzanuyo ndiwololera kuvomera ndikugwiritsa ntchito njira yolerera yomwe wapatsidwa?
• Kodi mukufuna njira yomwe muyenera kungogwiritsa mukamagonana? Kapena mukufuna china chake chomwe chili m'malo mwake chomwe chimagwira ntchito nthawi zonse?
• Kodi kupewa kufalitsa matendawa pogonana ndikofunikira? Njira zambiri sizikukutetezani ku matenda opatsirana pogonana. Makondomu ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yopewera matenda opatsirana pogonana. Amagwira ntchito bwino akaphatikizidwa ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo.
• Kupezeka: Kodi njirayi ingagwiritsidwe ntchito popanda mankhwala, kuyendera wothandizira, kapena kwa ana, kuvomereza kwa makolo?

NJIRA ZOPEREKA ZA KUZALIRA

MAFUNSO:

• Kondomu ndi lalabala yopyapyala kapena m'chimake cha polyurethane. Kondomu yamphongo imayikidwa mozungulira mbolo yowongoka. Kondomu ya amayi imayikidwa mkati mwa nyini musanagonane.
• Kondomu iyenera kuvalidwa nthawi zonse pogonana kuti mupewe kutenga mimba.
• Makondomu angagulidwe m'malo ambiri ogulitsa mankhwala ndi ogulitsa. Zipatala zina zakulera zimapereka makondomu aulele. Simukusowa mankhwala kuti mupeze kondomu.

Zithunzi Zojambulajambula:

• Diaphragm ndi kapu ya mphira yosinthasintha yomwe imadzazidwa ndi spermicidal kirimu kapena jelly.
• Imaikidwa mu nyini pa khomo pachibelekeropo musanagonane, kuti mbeu ya abambo isafike pachiberekero.
• Iyenera kusiyidwa m'malo kwa maola 6 mpaka 8 mutagonana.
• Ma diaphragms amayenera kulembedwa ndi omwe amapereka mayi. Woperekayo asankhe mtundu woyenera ndi kukula kwa diaphragm kwa mayiyo.
• Pafupifupi mimba 5 mpaka 20 zimachitika chaka chimodzi mwa amayi 100 omwe amagwiritsa ntchito njirayi, kutengera kugwiritsa ntchito moyenera.
• Chida chofananira chaching'ono chimatchedwa chipewa cha khomo lachiberekero.
• Zowopsa zimaphatikizaponso kukwiya komanso kusagwirizana ndi zakulera kapena spermicide, komanso kuchuluka kwamatenda amikodzo komanso matenda a yisiti ukazi. Nthawi zambiri, azimayi omwe amasiya chifundiziro motalika kwambiri amatha kukhala ndi poizoni. Kapu yachiberekero imatha kuyambitsa mayeso achilendo a Pap.

CHIKWANGWANI mpheto:

• Masiponji apakati a ukazi ndi ofewa, ndipo amakhala ndi mankhwala omwe amapha kapena "kulepheretsa" umuna.
• Siponji imanyowetsedwa ndikulowetsedwa mu nyini, kuphimba khomo pachibelekeropo musanagonane.
• Siponji yamaliseche imatha kugulidwa ku malo osungira mankhwala popanda mankhwala.

NJIRA ZOCHITIKA ZA KUZALIRA

Njira zina zolerera zimagwiritsa ntchito mahomoni.Adzakhala ndi estrogen ndi progestin, kapena progestin okha. Mukufuna mankhwala a njira zambiri zakulera.

• Mahomoni onsewa amalepheretsa ovary ya mayi kutulutsa dzira mkati mwa nthawi yake. Amachita izi posintha mahomoni ena omwe thupi limapanga.
• Ma progestin amathandiza kuteteza umuna kuti usapite kudzira popanga ntchofu mozungulira khomo lachiberekero la mkazi lakuda komanso lolimba.

Mitundu ya njira zolerera zam'madzi ndi monga:

• Mapiritsi oletsa kubereka: Awa atha kukhala ndi estrogen ndi progestin, kapena progestin yokha.
• Zomera: Izi ndizitsulo zazing'ono zomwe zimayikidwa pansi pa khungu. Amamasula kuchuluka kwa mahomoni kuti ateteze ovulation.
• Majakisoni a Progestin, monga Depo-Provera, omwe amaperekedwa mu minofu yakumanja kapena matako kamodzi miyezi itatu iliyonse.
• Chikopa cha khungu, monga Ortho Evra, chimayikidwa paphewa panu, matako, kapena malo ena pathupi. Amatulutsa mlingo wopitilira mahomoni.
• Mphete ya nyini, monga NuvaRing, ndi mphete yosinthira pafupifupi mainchesi awiri. Imaikidwa mu nyini. Amatulutsa mahomoni a progestin ndi estrogen.
• Njira zolerera zadzidzidzi (kapena "m'mawa pambuyo"): Mankhwalawa atha kugulidwa popanda mankhwala kusitolo yanu.

IUD (CHITSANZO CHA INTRAUTERINE):

• IUD ndi kachipangizo kakang'ono ka pulasitiki kapena mkuwa kamene kamayikidwa mkati mwa chiberekero cha mayi ndi omwe amamupatsa. Ma IUD ena amatulutsa progestin wocheperako. Ma IUD amatha kutsalira m'malo mwa zaka 3 mpaka 10, kutengera chida chomwe agwiritsa ntchito.
• Ma IUD amatha kuyikidwa pafupifupi nthawi iliyonse.
• Ma IUD ndi otetezeka ndipo amagwira ntchito bwino. Amayi ochepera 1 mwa amayi 100 pachaka amatenga pakati pogwiritsa ntchito IUD.
• Ma IUD omwe amatulutsa progestin atha kukhala othandizira kuchiritsa kwambiri kusamba ndikuchepetsa kukokana. Zitha kupanganso kuti nthawi ziyime kwathunthu.
  

NJIRA ZOSAVUTA ZA KUZALIRA

Njirazi ndi zabwino kwambiri kwa abambo, amayi, ndi maanja omwe akuwona kuti sakufuna kukhala ndi ana mtsogolo. Amaphatikizapo vasectomy ndi tubal ligation. Njirazi nthawi zina zimasinthidwa ngati akufuna kukhala ndi pakati nthawi ina. Komabe, kupambana kwakusintha sikokwanira.

NJIRA ZA KUBADWA ZOSAGWIRA NTCHITO BWINO KWAMBIRI

• Kutuluka kwa mbolo kumaliseche musanafike kumaliseche kumatha kubweretsa mimba. Nthawi zina umuna umathawa usanatuluke. Zitha kukhala zokwanira kuyambitsa mimba.
• Kugonana posachedwa atagonana sikuyenera kugwira ntchito. Umuna umatha kudutsa khomo lachiberekero mkati mwa masekondi 90. Douching siyikulimbikitsidwa chifukwa imatha kuyambitsa matenda m'chiberekero ndi machubu.
• Kuyamwitsa: Ngakhale zili zabodza, azimayi omwe akuyamwitsa amatha kutenga pakati.

Kulera; Kulera ndi kulera; Kusokoneza kwa Coitus

• Chipewa cha chiberekero
• Chotsegula
• Kondomu ya akazi
• Chipangizo cha intrauterine
• Magawo oyang'ana mbali yoberekera ya akazi
• Kondomu ya abambo
• Njira zolerera zopangira mahomoni
• Tubal ligation
• Mphete ya ukazi
• Njira zopinga zolerera - mndandanda
• Pambuyo ndi pambuyo pa vasectomy
• Tubal ligation - Mndandanda
• Piritsi la kulera - mndandanda

American College of Obstetricians ndi Gynecologists. Chidziwitso cha ACOG Bulletin Na. 206: Kugwiritsa ntchito njira yolerera ya mahomoni mwa amayi omwe ali ndi matenda omwe akhalapo. Gynecol Woletsa. 2019; 133 (2): 396-399. (Adasankhidwa) PMID: 30681537 pubed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30681537/.

Komiti Yazachipatala. Maganizo a Komiti No 699: Mimba zaunyamata, kulera, komanso zogonana. Gynecol Woletsa. 2017; 129 (5): e142-e149. [Adasankhidwa] PMID: 28426620 pubed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28426620/.

Curtis KM, Jatlaoui TC, Wokonda NK, et al. Malingaliro oyeserera ku US pakugwiritsa ntchito njira zakulera, 2016. Malangizo a MMWR Rep. 2016; 65 (4): 1-66. (Adasankhidwa) PMID: 27467319 pubed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27467319/.

Harper DM, Wilfling LE, Blanner CF. (Adasankhidwa) Kulera. Mu: Rakel RE, Rakel DP, olemba. Buku Lophunzitsira La Banja. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: chap 26.

Jatlaoui TC, Ermias Y, Zapata LB. Kulera. Mu: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, olemba. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. Wolemba 21. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 143.

Rivlin K, Westhoff C. Kulera. Mu: Lobo RA, Gershenson DM, Lentz GM, Valea FA, olemba. Gynecology Yambiri. Wachisanu ndi chiwiri. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2017: mutu 13.