Kupsinjika muubwana

Kupsinjika kwaubwana kumatha kupezeka m'malo aliwonse omwe amafunikira kuti mwanayo azisintha kapena kusintha. Kupsinjika mtima kumatha kubwera chifukwa cha kusintha kwabwino, monga kuyamba ntchito yatsopano, koma nthawi zambiri imalumikizidwa ndi zosintha zoipa monga matenda kapena imfa m'banja.

Mutha kuthandiza mwana wanu pophunzira kuzindikira zizindikiro za kupsinjika ndikuphunzitsa mwana wanu njira zabwino zothanirana ndi izi.

Kupsinjika mtima kungakhale kuyankha kusintha kosasintha m'moyo wa mwana. Pang'ono pang'ono, kupanikizika kungakhale kwabwino. Koma, kupsinjika kwakukulu kumatha kukhudza momwe mwana amaganizira, zochita, komanso momwe amamvera.

Ana amaphunzira momwe angayankhire kupsinjika akamakula. Zochitika zambiri zovuta zomwe munthu wamkulu amatha kuthana nazo zimadzetsa nkhawa m'mwana. Zotsatira zake, ngakhale kusintha kwakung'ono kungakhudze malingaliro amwana pachitetezo ndi chitetezo.

Zowawa, kuvulala, matenda, ndi zina zotere ndizopanikizika kwa ana. Opanikizika atha kukhala:

• Kuda nkhawa ndi ntchito yasukulu kapena sukulu
• Maudindo olimbikira, monga sukulu ndi ntchito kapena masewera
• Mavuto ndi abwenzi, kuzunzidwa, kapena kukakamizidwa ndi anzawo
• Kusintha sukulu, kusuntha, kapena kuthana ndi mavuto a nyumba kapena kusowa pokhala
• Kukhala ndi malingaliro olakwika a iwo eni
• Kusintha thupi, mwa anyamata ndi atsikana
• Kuwona makolo akuthetsa banja kapena kupatukana
• Mavuto azachuma m'banja
• Kukhala m'nyumba yosatetezeka kapena yoyandikana nayo

ZIZINDIKIRO ZA MAFUNSO ASATSULIDWA KWA ANA

Ana sangazindikire kuti ali ndi nkhawa. Zizindikiro zatsopano kapena zowonjezereka zimatha kuchititsa makolo kukayikira kuti kuchuluka kwapanikizika kulipo.

Zizindikiro zakuthupi zimatha kuphatikiza:

• Kuchepetsa chilakolako, kusintha kwina pakudya
• Mutu
• Kumeta kwatsopano kapena kobwerezabwereza
• Kulota maloto oipa
• Kusokonezeka kwa tulo
• Kukhumudwa m'mimba kapena kupweteka kwa m'mimba kosadziwika
• Zizindikiro zina zathupi popanda matenda

Zizindikiro zam'maganizo kapena zamakhalidwe atha kuphatikizira:

• Nkhawa, nkhawa
• Osakhoza kupumula
• Mantha atsopano kapena obwereza (kuwopa mdima, kuopa kukhala wekha, kuopa alendo)
• Kumangirira, osafuna kukuwonetsani
• Mkwiyo, kulira, kuwira
• Satha kuwongolera malingaliro
• Khalidwe laukali kapena lamakani
• Kubwereranso kumakhalidwe omwe adakali achichepere
• Safuna kutenga nawo mbali pazochita zabanja kapena zakusukulu

MMENE MAKOLO ANGathandizire

Makolo amatha kuthandiza ana kuthana ndi kupsinjika m'njira zabwino. Nazi zotsatirazi:

• Perekani nyumba yotetezeka, yotetezeka, ndi yodalirika.
• Zochitika pabanja zingakhale zotonthoza. Kukhala ndi chakudya chamadzulo cham'banja kapena kanema wamanema kumathandizira kuchepetsa kapena kupewa kupsinjika.
• Khalani chitsanzo. Mwanayo amakutengani monga chitsanzo chakhalidwe labwino. Chitani zonse zomwe mungathe kuti muchepetse nkhawa zanu ndikuzisamalira m'njira zabwino.
• Samalani ndi mapulogalamu apawailesi yakanema, mabuku, ndi masewera omwe ana ang'ono amaonera, kuwerenga, komanso kusewera.Mawailesi ndi mapulogalamu achiwawa kapena masewera achiwawa amatha kubweretsa mantha komanso nkhawa.
• Dziwani mwana wanu zosintha zomwe akuyembekeza monga ntchito kapena kusuntha.
• Muzicheza ndi ana anu modekha, momasuka.
• Phunzirani kumvetsera. Mverani mwana wanu popanda kumudzudzula kapena kuyesetsa kuthetsa vutoli nthawi yomweyo. M'malo mwake gwirani ntchito ndi mwana wanu kuti muwathandize kumvetsetsa ndi kuthetsa zomwe zimawakhumudwitsa.
• Limbikitsani mwana wanu kudziona kuti ndi wofunika. Gwiritsani ntchito chilimbikitso ndi chikondi. Gwiritsani ntchito mphotho, osati chilango. Yesetsani kuti mwana wanu azichita nawo zomwe angathe kuchita bwino.
• Lolani mwanayo mwayi wosankha ndi kuwongolera zina ndi zina pamoyo wake. Pamene mwana wanu amamva kuti ali ndi mphamvu pazochitika, ndibwino kuti ayankhe bwino.
• Limbikitsani zolimbitsa thupi.
• Zindikirani ngati mwana wanu alibe nkhawa.
• Funsani thandizo kapena upangiri kwa othandizira azaumoyo, mlangizi, kapena othandizira ngati zizindikilo za kupsinjika sizitsika kapena kutha.

PAMENE MUYIMBIRA DOKOTALA

Lankhulani ndi omwe amakupatsani mwana wanu ngati mwana wanu:

• Akuyamba kudzipatula, kusasangalala kwambiri, kapena kukhumudwa
• Akukumana ndi mavuto kusukulu kapena kucheza ndi abwenzi kapena abale
• Satha kuwongolera machitidwe awo kapena mkwiyo

Mantha mwa ana; Nkhawa - nkhawa; Kupsinjika kwaubwana

Tsamba la American Academy of Pediatrics. Kuthandiza ana kuthana ndi nkhawa. www.healthychildren.org/English/healthy-living/emotional-wellness/Pages/Hingping-Children-Handle-Stress.aspx. Idasinthidwa pa Epulo 26, 2012. Idapezeka pa June 1, 2020.

Tsamba la American Psychological Association. Kuzindikira zizindikiritso za ana anu komanso achinyamata. www.apa.org/helpcenter/stress-children.aspx. Inapezeka pa June 1, 2020.

(Adasankhidwa) DiDonato S, Berkowitz SJ. Kupsinjika kwaubwana ndi zoopsa. Mu: Woyendetsa D, Thomas SS, eds. Zovuta Zazovuta Pachipatala cha Ana: Buku Lopereka Chipatala. St Louis, MO: Elsevier; 2018: mutu 8.