Zowonjezera zakudya

Zowonjezera pazakudya ndizinthu zomwe zimakhala gawo la chakudya zikawonjezeredwa pokonza kapena popanga chakudyacho.

Zowonjezera za "Direct" nthawi zambiri zimawonjezeredwa pokonza ku:

• Onjezani zakudya
• Thandizani kapena konzani chakudyacho
• Sungani mankhwalawa mwatsopano
• Pangani chakudyacho kukhala chosangalatsa kwambiri

Zowonjezera zachakudya mwachindunji zitha kupangidwa ndi anthu kapena zachilengedwe.

Zowonjezera zakudya zachilengedwe ndi monga:

• Zitsamba kapena zonunkhira zowonjezera kukoma kwa zakudya
• Viniga wosankha zakudya
• Mchere, kusunga nyama

Zowonjezera za "indirect" ndizazinthu zomwe zitha kupezeka pachakudya kapena chikasinthidwa. Iwo sanagwiritsidwe ntchito kapena kuyikidwa mu chakudya mwadala. Zowonjezera izi zilipo zochepa muzogulitsa zomaliza.

Zowonjezera zakudya zimagwira ntchito zazikulu 5. Ali:

1. Apatseni chakudyacho mawonekedwe osalala ndi osasintha:

• Emulsifiers amaletsa zopangira madzi kuti zisiyane.
• Olimbitsa ndi thickeners amapereka mawonekedwe ofanana.
• Maantibayotiki amalola zinthu kuyenda mosavutikira.

2. Kukweza kapena kusunga phindu la michere:

• Zakudya ndi zakumwa zambiri zimalimbikitsidwa ndikupindulitsidwa kuti zipatse mavitamini, michere, ndi michere ina. Zitsanzo za zakudya zotetezedwa kwambiri ndi ufa, chimanga, margarine, ndi mkaka. Izi zimathandiza kupanga mavitamini kapena michere yomwe ingakhale yotsika kapena yoperewera pazakudya za munthu.
• Zinthu zonse zomwe zimakhala ndi michere yowonjezera ziyenera kulembedwa.

3. Pitirizani kukhala ndi thanzi labwino:

• Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tikhoza kuyambitsa matenda obwera chifukwa cha zakudya. Zinthu zotetezera zimachepetsa kuwonongeka komwe majeremusiwa angabweretse.
• Zosungitsa zina zimathandizira kuteteza kununkhira kwa zinthu zophika poletsa mafuta ndi mafuta kuti asawonongeke.
• Zotetezeranso zimapangitsa kuti zipatso zatsopano zisasanduke zofiirira zikawonekera mlengalenga.

4. Onetsetsani zakudya zomwe zili ndi asidi ndipo perekani chotupitsa:

• Zowonjezera zina zimathandizira kusintha magawo okhala ndi asidi kuti apeze mtundu winawake.
• Zofufumitsa zomwe zimatulutsa zidulo zikatenthedwa zimagwira ndi soda kuti athandizire mabisiketi, makeke, ndi zinthu zina zophika kukwera.

5. Perekani utoto ndikuwonjezera kukoma:

• Mitundu ina imapangitsa kuti zakudya zizioneka bwino.
• Zonunkhira zambiri, komanso zokometsera zachilengedwe komanso zopangidwa ndi anthu, zimatulutsa kukoma kwa chakudya.

Zovuta zambiri pazakudya zowonjezera zimakhudzana ndi zopangidwa ndi anthu zomwe zimawonjezedwa ku zakudya. Zina mwa izi ndi izi:

• Maantibayotiki operekedwa kwa nyama zopanga zakudya, monga nkhuku ndi ng'ombe
• Antioxidants mu mafuta kapena zakudya zamafuta
• Zokometsera zopangira, monga aspartame, saccharin, sodium cyclamate, ndi sucralose
• Benzoic acid mu timadziti ta zipatso
• Lecithin, gelatins, chimanga, sera, chingamu, ndi propylene glycol mu zotetezera chakudya ndi emulsifiers
• Mitundu yambiri yosiyanasiyana ndi mitundu ya zinthu
• Monosodium glutamate (MSG)
• Nitrate ndi nitrites mu agalu otentha ndi zina zopangidwa ndi nyama
• Sulfites mu mowa, vinyo, ndi masamba osungidwa

United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) ili ndi mndandanda wazowonjezera zakudya zomwe zimaganiziridwa kuti ndizabwino. Ambiri sanayesedwe, koma asayansi ambiri amawawona ngati otetezeka. Zinthu izi zimayikidwa pamndandanda "wodziwika bwino kuti ndi wotetezeka (GRAS)". Mndandandawu muli zinthu pafupifupi 700.

Congress ikufotokoza chitetezo ngati "kutsimikiza kotsimikiza kuti palibe vuto lililonse lomwe lingachitike chifukwa chogwiritsa" chowonjezera. Zitsanzo za zinthu zomwe zili pamndandandawu ndi: chingamu, shuga, mchere, ndi viniga. Mndandandawo umawunikiridwa pafupipafupi.

Zinthu zina zomwe zimawoneka ngati zovulaza anthu kapena nyama zitha kuloledwa, koma pamlingo wa 1 / 100th wa ndalama zomwe zimawonedwa ngati zowopsa. Pofuna kudziteteza, anthu omwe ali ndi chifuwa chilichonse kapena kusagwirizana ndi chakudya nthawi zonse amayang'ana mndandanda wazowonjezera. Zomwe zimachitika pazowonjezera zilizonse zitha kukhala zofatsa kapena zovuta. Mwachitsanzo, anthu ena omwe ali ndi mphumu amawonjezera mphumu yawo atadya zakudya kapena zakumwa zomwe zili ndi sulfite.

Ndikofunikira kusunga zonse zokhudzana ndi chitetezo cha zowonjezera zowonjezera. Nenani zamomwe mungachitire ndi chakudya kapena zowonjezera zowonjezera ku FDA Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (CFSAN). Zambiri zonena za kuchitapo kanthu zimapezeka pa www.fda.gov/AboutFDA/CentersOffices/OfficeofFoods/CFSAN/ContactCFSAN/default.htm.

A FDA ndi United States department of Agriculture (USDA) amayang'anira ndikuwongolera kagwiritsidwe ntchito kazowonjezera pazakudya zogulitsidwa ku United States. Komabe, anthu omwe ali ndi zakudya kapena kusalolerana kwapadera ayenera kusamala posankha zomwe adzagule.

Zowonjezera chakudya; Zosakaniza ndi mtundu

Aronson JK. Glutamic acid ndi glutamates. Mu: Aronson JK, mkonzi. Zotsatira zoyipa za Meyler za Mankhwala Osokoneza bongo. Wolemba 16. Waltham, MA: Elsevier BV ;; 2016: 557-558.

Chitsamba RK, Baumert JL, Taylor SL. Zomwe zimachitika pakudya ndi zowonjezera zowonjezera mankhwala. Mu: Burks AW, Holgate ST, O'Hehir RE et al, olemba. Ziwombankhanga za Middleton: Mfundo ndi Zochita. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 80.

International Food Information Council (IFIC) ndi US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Zosakaniza zakudya ndi mitundu. www.fda.gov/media/73811/download. Idasinthidwa Novembala, 2014. Idapezeka pa Epulo 06, 2020.