Zakudya - matenda a impso

Mungafunikire kusintha pazakudya zanu mukadwala matenda a impso (CKD). Kusintha kumeneku kungaphatikizepo kuchepetsa madzi, kudya zakudya zochepa zomanga thupi, kuchepetsa mchere, potaziyamu, phosphorous, ndi ma electrolyte ena, ndikupeza zopatsa mphamvu zokwanira ngati mukuonda.

Mungafunike kusintha zakudya zambiri ngati matenda anu a impso akukulirakulira, kapena ngati mukufuna dialysis.

Cholinga cha chakudyachi ndikusunga milingo yama electrolyte, michere, ndi madzi m'thupi mwanu mukakhala ndi CKD kapena muli ndi dialysis.

Anthu omwe ali ndi dialysis amafunikira zakudya zapaderazi kuti achepetse zinyalala zomwe zimadzaza m'thupi. Kuchepetsa madzi pakati pa chithandizo cha dialysis ndikofunikira chifukwa anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi dialysis amakodza pang'ono. Popanda kukodza, madzi amadzaza mthupi ndikupangitsa madzimadzi ochuluka kwambiri mumtima ndi m'mapapu.

Funsani wothandizira zaumoyo wanu kuti akutumizireni kwa katswiri wazakudya kuti akuthandizeni pazakudya zanu za matenda a impso. Anthu ena odyetserako zakudya zamagulu amakhazikika pa zakudya za impso. Katswiri wanu wazakudya amathanso kukuthandizani kuti mupange chakudya choyenera zosowa zanu zina.

Impso Foundation ili ndi mitu m'maiko ambiri. Ndi malo abwino kuti anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a impso ndi mabanja awo apeze mapulogalamu ndi zidziwitso. Muyenera kumwa zopatsa mphamvu zokwanira tsiku lililonse kuti mukhale ndi thanzi labwino komanso kupewa kuwonongeka kwa thupi. Funsani omwe amakupatsirani malo komanso katswiri wazakudya kuti azikhala wonenepa bwanji. Dzichepetseni m'mawa uliwonse kuti muwonetsetse kuti mukukwaniritsa cholinga ichi.

MABWINO OYENERA

Ngati mulibe vuto kudya chakudya, zakudya izi ndizopatsa mphamvu. Ngati wothandizira wanu akulimbikitsani kudya zakudya zochepa, mungasinthe ma calories kuchokera ku mapuloteni ndi:

• Zipatso, buledi, njere, ndi ndiwo zamasamba. Zakudya izi zimapereka mphamvu, komanso fiber, mchere, ndi mavitamini.
• Maswiti ovuta, shuga, uchi, ndi zakudya. Ngati pakufunika, mutha kudya zamchere zonenepa kwambiri monga ma pie, makeke, kapena makeke, bola mukamachepetsa mchere womwe umapangidwa ndi mkaka, chokoleti, mtedza, kapena nthochi.

MAFUTA

Mafuta amatha kukhala magwero abwino a zopatsa mphamvu. Onetsetsani kuti mukugwiritsa ntchito mafuta a monounsaturated ndi polyunsaturated (maolivi, mafuta a canola, mafuta osungunula) kuti muteteze mtima wanu. Lankhulani ndi omwe amakupatsirani kapena wazakudya zamafuta zamafuta ndi cholesterol zomwe zitha kukulitsa chiopsezo cha mavuto amtima.

ZOTHANDIZA

Zakudya zopanda mapuloteni ochepa zimatha kukhala zothandiza musanayambe dialysis. Omwe amakupatsirani kapena odyetserako zakudya angakulangizeni zamapuloteni ochepa potengera kulemera kwanu, gawo la matenda, kuchuluka kwa minofu yomwe muli nayo, ndi zina. Koma mukufunikirabe mapuloteni okwanira, chifukwa chake gwirani ntchito ndi omwe akukuthandizani kuti mupeze zakudya zoyenera.

Mukayamba dialysis, muyenera kudya mapuloteni ambiri. Zakudya zamapuloteni kwambiri ndi nsomba, nkhuku, nkhumba, kapena mazira pachakudya chilichonse atha kulimbikitsidwa.

Anthu omwe ali ndi dialysis ayenera kudya mavitamini 8 mpaka 10 (225 mpaka 280 magalamu) a zakudya zamapuloteni tsiku lililonse. Omwe amakupatsirani kapena wodyera zakudya atha kupereka lingaliro lakuwonjezera azungu azungu, ufa wa dzira loyera, kapena ufa wama protein.

CALCIUM NDI PHOSPHOROUS

Mchere wa calcium ndi phosphorous amayang'aniridwa nthawi zambiri. Ngakhale kumayambiriro kwa CKD, kuchuluka kwa phosphorous m'magazi kumatha kukwera kwambiri. Izi zitha kuyambitsa:

• Kashiamu wotsika. Izi zimapangitsa thupi kukoka calcium m'mafupa anu, zomwe zimatha kupangitsa mafupa anu kufooka komanso kutha.
• Kuyabwa.

Muyenera kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa zakudya zamkaka zomwe mumadya, chifukwa zimakhala ndi phosphorous yambiri. Izi zimaphatikizapo mkaka, yogurt, ndi tchizi. Zakudya zina za mkaka ndizochepa kwambiri, kuphatikizapo:

• Tubamu ta margarine
• Batala
• Kirimu, ricotta, brie tchizi
• Zakudya zonona
• Chingwe
• Kukwapula kwa Nondairy

Mungafunike kumwa ma calcium kuti muteteze matenda am'mafupa, ndi vitamini D kuti muchepetse calcium ndi phosphorous m'thupi lanu. Funsani omwe amakupatsirani malo kapena katswiri wazakudya zamomwe mungapezere michere imeneyi.

Omwe akukuthandizani atha kulangiza mankhwala omwe amatchedwa "phosphorous binders" ngati zakudya zisintha zokha sizigwira ntchito kuti muchepetse mchere m'thupi lanu.

ZOKHUDZA

Kumayambiriro kwa impso kulephera, simuyenera kuchepetsa madzi omwe mumamwa. Koma, pamene matenda anu akuipiraipira, kapena mukakhala ndi dialysis, muyenera kuwona kuchuluka kwa madzi omwe mumamwa.

Pakati pa magawo a dialysis, madzi amatha kulowa mthupi. Madzi ochulukirapo amatsogolera kupuma pang'ono, mwadzidzidzi womwe umafunikira chithandizo chamankhwala mwachangu.

Wopereka chithandizo ndi namwino wa dialysis adzakudziwitsani kuchuluka kwa zomwe muyenera kumwa tsiku lililonse. Sungani zakudya zambiri zomwe zimakhala ndi madzi ambiri, monga msuzi, gelatin wonunkhira zipatso, madzi oundana opaka zipatso, ayisikilimu, mphesa, mavwende, letesi, tomato, ndi udzu winawake.

Gwiritsani ntchito makapu ang'onoang'ono kapena magalasi ndipo mutembenuzire chikho chanu mukamaliza.

Malangizo oti musakhale ndi ludzu ndi awa:

• Pewani zakudya zamchere
• Sungani madzi ena mumchere wa ayezi ndipo muudye ngati madzi oundana oundana zipatso (muyenera kuwerengera madzi oundanawa mumadzi amadzimadzi tsiku lililonse)
• Khalani ozizira masiku otentha

Mchere kapena Sodium

Kuchepetsa sodium mu zakudya zanu kumakuthandizani kuchepetsa kuthamanga kwa magazi. Zimakuletsani kuti musakhale ndi ludzu, komanso kuteteza thupi lanu kuti lisamamatire madzi owonjezera. Sakani mawu awa pamalemba azakudya:

• Low-sodium
• Palibe mchere wowonjezera
• Popanda sodium
• Sodium yachepetsa
• Opanda kutsegulidwa

Onetsetsani zolemba zonse kuti muwone kuchuluka kwa mchere kapena zakudya za sodium zomwe zimakhala potumikira. Komanso, pewani zakudya zomwe zimayika mchere pafupi ndi chiyambi cha zosakaniza. Fufuzani zogulitsa zamchere zosakwana 100 mg.

OGWIRITSA NTCHITO mchere mukamaphika ndikuchotsa chopukusira mchere patebulo. Zitsamba zambiri ndizabwino, ndipo mutha kuzigwiritsa ntchito kununkhira chakudya chanu m'malo mwa mchere.

OGWIRITSA ntchito m'malo mwa mchere chifukwa ali ndi potaziyamu. Anthu omwe ali ndi CKD amafunikanso kuchepetsa potaziyamu.

POTASSIUM

Magazi a potaziyamu amathandiza kuti mtima wanu uzigunda bwino. Komabe, potaziyamu wambiri amatha kukula pamene impso sizigwiranso ntchito bwino. Mikhalidwe yoopsa yamtima ingachitike, yomwe imatha kubweretsa imfa.

Zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba zimakhala ndi potaziyamu wambiri, ndipo pazifukwa izi tiyenera kuzipewa kuti tikhale ndi mtima wathanzi.

Kusankha chinthu choyenera pagulu lililonse la chakudya kumatha kuthandizira kuwongolera potaziyamu wanu.

Mukamadya zipatso:

• Sankhani mapichesi, mphesa, mapeyala, maapulo, zipatso, chinanazi, maula, mavitamini, ndi chivwende
• Chepetsani kapena pewani malalanje ndi madzi a lalanje, timadzi tokoma, ma kiwi, zoumba kapena zipatso zina zouma, nthochi, cantaloupe, uchi, prunes, ndi timadzi tokoma

Mukamadya masamba:

• Sankhani broccoli, kabichi, kaloti, kolifulawa, udzu winawake, nkhaka, biringanya, nyemba zobiriwira ndi sera, letesi, anyezi, tsabola, watercress, zukini, ndi sikwashi wachikasu
• Chepetsani kapena pewani katsitsumzukwa, peyala, mbatata, tomato kapena msuzi wa phwetekere, sikwashi yozizira, dzungu, peyala, ndi sipinachi yophika

CHITSIMU

Anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la impso zotsogola amakhalanso ndi kuchepa kwa magazi ndipo nthawi zambiri amafunikira chitsulo chowonjezera.

Zakudya zambiri zimakhala ndi ayironi wowonjezera (chiwindi, ng'ombe, nkhumba, nkhuku, lima ndi nyemba za impso, chimanga cholimbitsidwa ndi chitsulo). Lankhulani ndi omwe amakupatsani kapena wodyetsa zakudya zomwe mungadye ndi chitsulo chifukwa cha matenda anu a impso.

Aimpso matenda - zakudya; Impso - zakudya

Fouque D, Mitch WE. Zakudya zimayandikira matenda a impso. Mu: Skorecki K, Chertow GM, Marsden PA, Taal MW, Yu ASL, olemba. Brenner ndi Rector a Impso. 10th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: chap 61.

Mitch WE. Matenda a impso. Mu: Goldman L, Schafer AI, olemba. Mankhwala a Goldman-Cecil. 26 wa. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 121.

National Institute of Diabetes ndi tsamba la Digestive and Impso Diseases. Kudya & zakudya za hemodialysis. www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/kidney-failure/hemodialysis/eating-nutrition. Idasinthidwa mu Seputembara 2016. Idapezeka pa Julayi 26, 2019.

National Impso Foundation. Malangizo a achikulire kuyambira pa hemodialysis. www.kidney.org/atoz/content/dietary_hemodialysis. Idasinthidwa mu Epulo 2019. Idapezeka pa Julayi 26, 2019.