Heroin bongo

Heroin ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo omwe amaletsa kwambiri. Ali m'gulu la mankhwala omwe amadziwika kuti opioid.

Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza za bongo ya heroin. Kuledzera kwakukulu kumachitika wina akatenga chinthu chochuluka, nthawi zambiri mankhwala. Izi zitha kuchitika mwangozi kapena mwadala. Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo a heroin kungayambitse matenda oopsa, ngakhalenso kufa kumene.

Ponena za bongo ya heroin:

Kuchulukitsa kwa heroin kwakhala kukukwera kwambiri ku United States pazaka zingapo zapitazi. Mu 2015, anthu opitilira 13,000 adamwalira ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo a heroin ku United States. Heroin imagulitsidwa mosaloledwa, chifukwa chake palibe kuyang'anira mtundu wamankhwala kapena mphamvu yake. Komanso, nthawi zina imasakanizidwa ndi zinthu zina zapoizoni.

Anthu ambiri omwe amamwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo amakhala osokoneza bongo kale, koma anthu ena amamwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo nthawi yoyamba yomwe amayesa. Anthu ambiri omwe amagwiritsa ntchito heroin amagwiritsanso ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo komanso mankhwala ena. Angakhalenso mowa mopitirira muyeso. Kuphatikiza kwa zinthuzi kumatha kukhala koopsa. Ntchito ya Heroin ku United States yakula kuyambira 2007.

Pakhalanso kusintha kwa kuchuluka kwa anthu ogwiritsa ntchito heroin. Tsopano akukhulupirira kuti mankhwala osokoneza bongo a opioid ndiye njira yopita ku heroin kwa anthu ambiri. Izi ndichifukwa choti mtengo wamtundu wa heroin nthawi zambiri umakhala wotsika mtengo kuposa wamankhwala opioid.

Nkhaniyi ndi yongodziwa zambiri. Musagwiritse ntchito pochiza kapena kuyendetsa bongo. Ngati inu kapena munthu amene muli naye muli ndi chidziwitso, itanani nambala yanu yadzidzidzi (monga 911), kapena malo omwe muli poizoni kwanuko atha kufikiridwa mwachindunji poyimbira foni ya nambala yaulere ya Poison Help (1-800-222-1222) kuchokera kulikonse ku United States.

Heroin ndi chakupha. Nthawi zina, zinthu za heroin zimasakanikirana nazo ndizoopsa.

Heroin imapangidwa kuchokera ku morphine. Morphine ndi mankhwala amphamvu omwe amapezeka m'mimba mwa mbeu za opium poppy. Izi zimakula padziko lonse lapansi. Mankhwala opweteka azamalamulo omwe ali ndi morphine amatchedwa ma opioid. Opioid ndi mawu ochokera ku opiamu, lomwe linali liwu lachi Greek lonena za msuzi wa mbewu ya poppy. Palibe mankhwala azovomerezeka a heroin.

Mayina amisewu a heroin ndi monga "zopanda pake", "smack", dope, shuga wofiirira, kavalo woyera, China woyera, ndi "skag".

Anthu amagwiritsa ntchito heroin kuti akwere. Koma ngati atamwa mopitirira muyeso, amagona tulo tofa nato kapena amatha kukomoka ndikusiya kupuma.

M'munsimu muli zizindikiro zakusokonekera kwa heroin m'malo osiyanasiyana amthupi.

NDEGE NDI MAPIKO

• Palibe kupuma
• Kupuma pang'ono
• Kupuma pang'onopang'ono komanso kovuta

MASO, MAKUTU, MPhuno NDI KUMENYA

• Pakamwa pouma
• Ana ang'onoang'ono kwambiri, nthawi zina amakhala ochepa ngati mutu wa pini (onetsani ophunzira)
• Lilime lotulutsa mtundu

MTIMA NDI MWAZI

• Kuthamanga kwa magazi
• Kugunda kofooka

Khungu

• Misomali ndi milomo yamtundu wabuluu

MIMBA NDI MAFUFU

• Kudzimbidwa
• Kupweteka kwa m'mimba ndi m'matumbo

DZIKO LAPANSI

• Coma (kusowa poyankha)
• Delirium (chisokonezo)
• Kusokonezeka
• Kusinza
• Kusuntha kosalamulirika kwa minofu

Pitani kuchipatala nthawi yomweyo. Osamupangitsa munthuyo kuti azitaya pokha pokhapokha ngati atamupha poyizoni kapena wothandizira zaumoyo atakuwuzani kuti muchite motero.

Mu 2014, US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) idavomereza kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala otchedwa naloxone (dzina loti Narcan) kuti athetse mavuto obwera chifukwa cha bongo. Mankhwala amtunduwu amatchedwa mankhwala. Naloxone imabayidwa pansi pa khungu kapena muminyewa, pogwiritsa ntchito jakisoni wodziwikiratu. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi omwe akuyankha mwachangu, apolisi, achibale, osamalira ena, ndi ena. Ikhoza kupulumutsa miyoyo mpaka chithandizo chamankhwala chikupezeka.

Dziwani izi:

• Msinkhu wa munthuyo, kulemera kwake, ndi mkhalidwe wake
• Ndi ma heroin angati omwe adatenga, ngati akudziwika
• Pamene iwo anatenga

Malo omwe muli poizoni kwanuko atha kufikiridwa mwachindunji mukayimbira foni nambala yadziko lonse, yaulere ya 1-800-222-1222) kuchokera kulikonse ku United States. Nambala yoyimbira foni yamtunduwu ikulolani kuti mulankhule ndi akatswiri pankhani yakupha. Akupatsani malangizo ena.

Uwu ndi ntchito yaulere komanso yachinsinsi. Malo onse oletsa poizoni ku United States amagwiritsa ntchito nambala iyi. Muyenera kuyimba ngati muli ndi mafunso aliwonse okhudzana ndi poyizoni kapena kupewa poyizoni. SIYENERA kukhala mwadzidzidzi. Mutha kuyimba pazifukwa zilizonse, maola 24 patsiku, masiku 7 pasabata.

Woperekayo amayesa ndikuwunika zizindikilo zofunika za munthuyo, kuphatikiza kutentha, kugunda, kupuma, komanso kuthamanga kwa magazi. Zizindikiro zidzachiritsidwa. Munthuyo akhoza kulandira:

• Kuyesa magazi ndi mkodzo
• Kupuma, kuphatikizapo chubu la oxygen kudzera pakamwa mpaka pakhosi, ndi makina opumira
• X-ray pachifuwa
• Kujambula kwa CT (kulingalira mwapamwamba) kwaubongo ngati mukuganiza kuti kuvulala pamutu
• ECG (electrocardiogram, kapena kutsata mtima)
• Madzi amadzimadzi (IV, kudzera mumitsempha)
• Mankhwala ochizira matenda, monga naloxone (onani gawo la "Care Home" pamwambapa), kuti athane ndi zotsatira za heroin
• Mlingo wambiri kapena kayendetsedwe kabwino ka IV ka naxolone. Izi zitha kukhala zofunikira chifukwa zotsatira za naxolone ndizosakhalitsa ndipo zovuta za heroin ndizokhalitsa.

Ngati mankhwala atha kuperekedwa, kuchira pakudya mankhwala osokoneza bongo kumachitika mkati mwa maola 24 mpaka 48. Heroin nthawi zambiri imasakanizidwa ndi zinthu zotchedwa achigololo. Izi zimatha kuyambitsa zizindikiritso zina ndi ziwalo. Kukhala kuchipatala kungakhale kofunikira.

Ngati kupuma kwa munthuyo kwakhudzidwa kwanthawi yayitali, amatha kupumira madzi m'mapapu awo. Izi zitha kubweretsa chibayo ndi zovuta zina zamapapu.

Anthu omwe amakhala opanda chidziwitso kwa nthawi yayitali ndikugona pamalo olimba atha kuvulala pakhungu komanso khungu. Izi zitha kubweretsa zilonda pakhungu, matenda, komanso mabala akulu.

Kubaya jekeseni wa mankhwala aliwonse kudzera mu singano kumatha kuyambitsa matenda opatsirana. Izi zikuphatikiza zotupa zaubongo, mapapo, ndi impso, ndi matenda a valavu yamtima.

Chifukwa chakuti heroin amalowetsedwa mu mtsempha, wogwiritsa ntchito heroin amatha kukhala ndi mavuto okhudzana ndikugawana singano ndi ogwiritsa ntchito ena. Kugawana singano kumatha kubweretsa matenda a chiwindi, kachirombo ka HIV, ndi Edzi.

Acetomorphine bongo; Diacetylmorphine bongo; Opiate bongo; Opioid bongo

Malo Othandizira Kuteteza ndi Kuteteza tsamba lawebusayiti. Kupewa kuvulaza & kuwongolera: opioid overdose. www.cdc.gov/drugoverdose/opioids/heroin.html. Idasinthidwa pa Disembala 19, 2018. Idapezeka pa Julayi 9, 2019.

Levine DP, Brown P. Matenda omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ogwiritsa ntchito jakisoni. Mu: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, olemba., Eds. Mandell, Douglas, ndi Bennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 312.

National Institute on Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mankhwala Osokoneza bongo. Heroin. www.drugabuse.gov/publications/drugfacts/heroin. Idasinthidwa mu June 2019. Idapezeka pa Julayi 9, 2019.

National Institute on Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mankhwala Osokoneza bongo. Kuchuluka kwa imfa pamiyeso. www.drugabuse.gov/related-topics/trends-statistics/overdose-death-rate. Idasinthidwa mu Januware 2019. Idapezeka pa Julayi 9, 2019.

Nikolaides JK, Thompson TM. Opioids. Mu: Makoma RM, Hockberger RS, Gausche-Hill M, eds. Rosen's Emergency Medicine: Concepts and Clinical Practice. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: mutu 156.