Kuika mtima

Kuika mtima ndikuchita opareshoni kuti uchotse mtima wowonongeka kapena wodwala ndikuusintha ndi mtima wopereka wathanzi.

Kupeza mtima wopereka kungakhale kovuta. Mtima uyenera kuperekedwa ndi winawake yemwe ali wakufa-ubongo koma akadathandizabe pa moyo. Mtima woperekayo uyenera kukhala wabwinobwino wopanda matenda ndipo uyenera kufananizidwa kwambiri ndi magazi anu ndi / kapena mtundu wa minofu kuti muchepetse mwayi womwe thupi lanu lingakane.

Mumagona tulo tofa nato ndi mankhwala oletsa ululu ambiri, ndipo mumacheka kudzera pachifuwa.

• Magazi anu amayenda kudzera pamakina odutsa pamtima-mapapo pomwe dokotalayo amagwira ntchito pamtima panu. Makinawa amagwira ntchito ya mtima ndi mapapo anu atayimitsidwa, ndikupatsa thupi lanu magazi ndi mpweya.
• Mtima wanu wodwala umachotsedwa ndipo woperekayo amalimbikitsidwa. Makina am'mapapu amtima adadulidwa. Magazi amayenda kudzera mumtima wowikidwiratu, womwe umatenga gawo lanu ndikupatsirani magazi ndi mpweya.
• Machubu amalowetsedwa kukhetsa mpweya, madzimadzi, ndi magazi kuchokera pachifuwa kwa masiku angapo, ndikulola kuti mapapo akule bwino.

Kuika mtima kumatha kuchitidwa:

• Kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa mtima mutadwala mtima
• Kulephera kwamtima kwakukulu, pomwe mankhwala, mankhwala ena, ndi opaleshoni sizithandizanso
• Zofooka zazikulu za mtima zomwe zidalipo pobadwa ndipo sizingakonzeke ndi opaleshoni
• Zowopsa zakuwopsa kwa mtima kapena nyimbo zomwe sizimayankha mankhwala ena

Opaleshoni ya mtima sangagwiritsidwe ntchito mwa anthu omwe:

• Akusowa zakudya m'thupi
• Ali achikulire kuposa zaka 65 mpaka 70
• Wadwala matenda opha ziwalo kapena matenda amisala
• Wakhala ndi khansa zaka zosakwana 2 zapitazo
• Khalani ndi kachilombo ka HIV
• Khalani ndi matenda, monga matenda a chiwindi, omwe akugwira ntchito
• Khalani ndi matenda a shuga omwe amadalira insulin komanso ziwalo zina, monga impso, zomwe sizikugwira ntchito moyenera
• Khalani ndi matenda a impso, mapapo, mitsempha, kapena chiwindi
• Musakhale ndi achibale othandizira ndipo musatsatire chithandizo chawo
• Khalani ndi matenda ena omwe amakhudza mitsempha ya khosi ndi mwendo
• Khalani ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi m'mapapo (kukhuthala kwa mitsempha yam'mapapu)
• Kusuta kapena kumwa mowa mwauchidakwa kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, kapena kukhala ndi zizolowezi zina pamoyo zomwe zingawononge mtima watsopano
• Sakhala odalirika kuti angamwe mankhwala awo, kapena ngati munthuyo sangathe kupitiliza kuyendera komanso kuyesa mayeso kuchipatala komanso kumaofesi azachipatala ambiri.

Zowopsa za anesthesia iliyonse ndi izi:

• Zomwe zimachitika ndi mankhwala
• Mavuto kupuma

Zowopsa zochitidwa opaleshoni iliyonse ndi izi:

• Magazi
• Matenda

Zowopsa zakuika ndi monga:

• Magazi a magazi (venous thrombosis)
• Kuwonongeka kwa impso, chiwindi, kapena ziwalo zina kuchokera ku mankhwala oletsa kukana
• Kukula kwa khansa kuchokera ku mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popewa kukanidwa
• Matenda a mtima kapena sitiroko
• Mavuto amtundu wamtima
• Kuchuluka kwa cholesterol, matenda ashuga, ndi mafupa kupatulira chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala okana
• Kuchulukitsa chiwopsezo cha matenda chifukwa cha mankhwala oletsa kukana
• Mapapo ndi impso kulephera
• Kukana kwa mtima
• Matenda owopsa kwambiri
• Matenda opweteka
• Mtima watsopano sungagwire ntchito konse

Mukatumizidwa kumalo opangira zida zina, mudzayesedwa ndi gulu losanjikiza. Afuna kuwonetsetsa kuti ndinu woyenera kubzala. Mudzachezera kangapo pamilungu ingapo kapena miyezi ingapo. Muyenera kukoka magazi ndikujambula ma x-ray. Zotsatirazi zitha kuchitidwanso:

• Kuyesera magazi kapena khungu kuti muwone ngati alibe matenda
• Kuyesedwa kwa impso ndi chiwindi
• Kuyesa kuyesa mtima wanu, monga ECG, echocardiogram, ndi catheterization yamtima
• Kuyesa kuyang'ana khansa
• Matishu ndi kulemba magazi, kuthandizira kuwonetsetsa kuti thupi lanu silingakane mtima womwe waperekedwayo
• Ultrasound ya khosi ndi miyendo yanu

Mudzafunika kuyang'ana malo amodzi kapena angapo kuti muwone zomwe zingakhale zabwino kwa inu:

• Afunseni kuti amapanga kangati chaka chilichonse komanso momwe amapulumukira. Fananizani manambalawa ndi manambala ochokera m'malo ena. Izi zonse zimapezeka pa intaneti pa unos.org.
• Funsani magulu omwe ali ndi thandizo komanso thandizo lomwe amapereka paulendo komanso nyumba.
• Funsani za mtengo wa mankhwala omwe mungafunike kumwa pambuyo pake ndipo ngati pali thandizo lililonse lachuma kuti mupeze mankhwala.

Ngati gulu lakuchotsa likukhulupirira kuti ndinu woyenera, mudzaikidwa pamndandanda wodikirira wamtima:

• Malo anu pamndandanda amatengera zinthu zingapo. Zinthu zazikuluzikulu zimaphatikizapo mtundu ndi kuuma kwa matenda amtima wanu, komanso momwe mukudwalira panthawi yomwe mwalembedwa.
• Nthawi yomwe mumakhala pagulu lodikirira nthawi zambiri SIZOYENERA kuti mupeze bwanji mtima, kupatula ana.

Ambiri, koma osati onse, anthu omwe akuyembekezera kumuika mtima akudwala kwambiri ndipo amafunika kukhala mchipatala. Ambiri adzafunika mtundu wina wazida kuti athandize mtima wawo kupopera magazi okwanira mthupi. Nthawi zambiri, ichi ndi chida chothandizira ma ventricular (VAD).

Muyenera kuyembekeza kukhala mchipatala masiku 7 mpaka 21 mutadutsa mtima. Maola 24 mpaka 48 oyamba atha kukhala mchipinda cha anthu odwala mwakayakaya (ICU). M'masiku oyamba mutabzala, muyenera kuyang'anitsitsa kuti muwonetsetse kuti simutenga matenda ndipo mtima wanu ukugwira ntchito bwino.

Nthawi yochira ili pafupifupi miyezi itatu ndipo nthawi zambiri, gulu lanu lakuyikani likufunsani kuti mukhale pafupi ndi chipatala nthawi imeneyo. Muyenera kuyezetsa magazi pafupipafupi, ma x-ray, ndi ma echocardiograms kwazaka zambiri.

Kulimbana ndi kukanidwa ndikuchitika mosalekeza. Chitetezo cha mthupi chimawona chiwalo choikidwa kukhala thupi lachilendo ndikumenyana nacho. Pachifukwa ichi, odwala omwe amaika ziwalo ayenera kumwa mankhwala omwe amaletsa chitetezo chamthupi. Pofuna kupewa kukanidwa, ndikofunikira kwambiri kumwa mankhwalawa ndikutsatira mosamala malangizo anu odzisamalira.

Zilonda zam'mimba zam'mimba zimachitika mwezi uliwonse mkati mwa miyezi 6 mpaka 12 yoyambirira mutayika, kenako pambuyo pake. Izi zimathandiza kudziwa ngati thupi lanu likukana mtima watsopano, ngakhale musanakhale ndi zizindikiro.

Muyenera kumwa mankhwala omwe amaletsa kukana kukana kwa moyo wanu wonse. Muyenera kumvetsetsa momwe mungamwe mankhwalawa, ndikuzindikira zovuta zawo.

Mutha kubwereranso ku zomwe mumachita miyezi itatu mutakhazikika mukangomva bwino, ndipo mukalankhula ndi omwe akukuthandizani. Funsani omwe akukuthandizani ngati mukufuna kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi.

Mukakhala ndi matenda a coronary mukatha kumuika, mutha kukhala ndi catheterization yamtima chaka chilichonse.

Kuika mtima kumalimbikitsa moyo wa anthu omwe atamwalira. Pafupifupi 80% ya odwala omwe amaika mtima ali moyo zaka 2 kutachitika opaleshoniyi. Pazaka 5, 70% ya odwala azikhala ndi moyo pambuyo pouika mtima.

Vuto lalikulu, monga zopangira zina, ndikukana. Ngati kukanidwa kungawongoleredwe, kupulumuka kumawonjezeka kupitilira zaka 10.

Kuika mtima; Kumuika - mtima; Kuika - mtima

• Mtima - gawo kupyola pakati
• Mtima - kuwonera kutsogolo
• Thupi labwinobwino la mtima
• Kuika mtima - mndandanda

Chiu P, Robbins RC, Ha R. Kuika mtima. Mu: Sellke FW, del Nido PJ, Swanson SJ, olemba. Opaleshoni ya Sabiston ndi Spencer pachifuwa. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: chap 98.

Pezani nkhaniyi pa intaneti Jessup M, Atluri P, Acker MA. Kuwongolera opareshoni ya kulephera kwa mtima. Mu: Zipes DP, Libby P, Bonow RO, Mann, DL, Tomaselli GF, Braunwald E, olemba. Matenda a Mtima a Braunwald: Buku Lophunzitsira la Mankhwala Amtima. 11th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: mutu 28.

Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM. Kuika mtima kwa ana ndi mtima ndi mapapo. Mu: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, olemba. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. Wolemba 21. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 470.

Mancini D, Naka Y. Kuika mtima. Mu: Goldman L, Schafer AI, olemba. Mankhwala a Goldman-Cecil. Wolemba 25. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: chap 82.

Yancy CW, Jessup M, Bozkurt B, ndi al. 2017 ACC / AHA / HFSA Yayang'ana Kwambiri Chitsogozo cha 2013 ACCF / AHA chothandizira kuwonongeka kwa mtima: lipoti la American College of Cardiology / American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines and the Heart Failure Society of America. J Card Ilephera. 2017; 23 (8): 628-651. PMID: 28461259 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28461259. (Adasankhidwa)