Khungu ndi kutaya masomphenya

Khungu ndiko kusowa masomphenya. Zitha kutanthauzanso kutayika kwa masomphenya komwe sikungakonzedwe ndi magalasi kapena magalasi olumikizirana nawo.

• Akhungu pang'ono amatanthauza kuti muli ndi masomphenya ochepa.
• Kukhala wakhungu kwathunthu kumatanthauza kuti simutha kuwona chilichonse ndipo simukuwona kuwala. (Anthu ambiri omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mawu oti "khungu" amatanthauza khungu lathunthu.)

Anthu omwe ali ndi masomphenya oyipa kuposa 20/200, ngakhale ndi magalasi kapena magalasi olumikizirana, amawawona ngati akhungu mwalamulo m'maiko ambiri ku United States.

Kutaya masomphenya kumatanthauza kutaya pang'ono kapena kwathunthu kwa masomphenya. Kutaya masomphenya kumeneku kumatha kuchitika modzidzimutsa kapena kwakanthawi.

Mitundu ina yamataya masomphenya samatsogolera khungu lonse.

Masomphenya otayika ali ndi zifukwa zambiri. Ku United States, zomwe zimayambitsa kwambiri ndi izi:

• Ngozi kapena kuvulala kumtunda (kuwotcha mankhwala kapena kuvulala kwamasewera)
• Matenda a shuga
• Glaucoma
• Kukula kwa macular

Mtundu wakuchepa kwamasomphenya ukhoza kusiyanasiyana, kutengera chifukwa:

• Ndikutuluka kwamaso, masomphenya amatha kukhala amtambo kapena opanda pake, ndipo kuwala kowala kumatha kuyambitsa kunyezimira
• Ndi matenda ashuga, masomphenya amatha kusokonezeka, pakhoza kukhala mithunzi kapena malo osowa masomphenya, komanso kuvutika kuwona usiku
• Ndi glaucoma, pangakhale masomphenya a ngalande ndi malo osowa masomphenya
• Ndikukula kwa macular, masomphenya am'mbali ndi abwinobwino, koma masomphenya apakatikati amatayika pang'onopang'ono

Zina mwazomwe zimapangitsa kutayika kwamasomphenya ndi monga:

• Mitsempha yamagazi yotsekedwa
• Zovuta zakubadwa msanga (retrolental fibroplasia)
• Zovuta za opaleshoni yamaso
• Diso laulesi
• Chamawonedwe neuritis
• Sitiroko
• Retinitis pigmentosa
• Zotupa, monga retinoblastoma ndi optic glioma

Khungu lonse (osazindikira kuwala) nthawi zambiri kumachitika chifukwa cha:

• Kuvulala kwambiri kapena kuvulala
• Gulu lathunthu la retina
• Glaucoma yomaliza
• Mapeto a matenda ashuga retinopathy
• Matenda owopsa amkati (endophthalmitis)
• Kutsekeka kwamitsempha (sitiroko m'maso)

Mukakhala ndi masomphenya ochepa, mutha kukhala ndi vuto loyendetsa galimoto, kuwerenga, kapena kuchita zina zazing'ono monga kusoka kapena kupanga ntchito zamanja. Mutha kusintha nyumba ndi machitidwe anu omwe amakuthandizani kukhala otetezeka komanso osadalira. Ntchito zambiri zimakupatsirani maphunziro ndi chithandizo chomwe mungafune kuti mukhale moyo wodziyimira pawokha, kuphatikiza kugwiritsa ntchito zithandizo zochepa.

Kutaya masomphenya mwadzidzidzi nthawi zonse kumakhala kwadzidzidzi, ngakhale simunawonongeke konse. Simuyenera kunyalanyaza kutaya masomphenya, poganiza kuti zikhala bwino.

Lumikizanani ndi ophthalmologist kapena pitani kuchipinda chadzidzidzi mwachangu. Mitundu yayikulu yowonongeka imapweteka, ndipo kusowa kwa ululu sikungathetseretu kufunika kofulumira kulandira chithandizo chamankhwala. Mitundu yambiri yamasomphenya imangokupatsani kanthawi kochepa kuti muchiritsidwe bwino.

Wothandizira zaumoyo wanu adzakuyesani kwathunthu. Mankhwalawa atengera chifukwa cha kutayika kwamasomphenya.

Kuti muwonongeke masomphenya kwakanthawi, onani katswiri wamalingaliro otsika, yemwe angakuthandizeni kuphunzira kudzisamalira ndikukhala moyo wathunthu.

Kutaya masomphenya; Palibe kuzindikira kowala (NLP); Masomphenya otsika; Kutaya masomphenya ndi khungu

• Neurofibromatosis I - ndikulitsa ma optic foramen

Cioffi GA, Liebmann JM. Matenda a mawonekedwe owoneka. Mu: Goldman L, Schafer AI, olemba. Mankhwala a Goldman-Cecil. 26 wa. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 395.

Colenbrander A, Fletcher DC, Schoessow K. Masomphenya akukonzanso. Mu: Kellerman RD, Rakel DP, olemba., Eds. Chithandizo Chamakono cha Conn 2021. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021: 524-528.

Fricke TR, Tahhan N, Resnikoff S, et al, Kukula kwapadziko lonse kwa presbyopia ndi kuwonongeka kwa masomphenya kuchokera ku presbyopia yopanda tanthauzo: kuwunika mwatsatanetsatane, kusanthula meta, ndikuwonetsa. Ophthalmology. 2018; 125 (10): 1492-1499. PMID: 29753495 pubed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29753495/.

Olitsky SE, Marsh JD. Kusokonezeka kwa masomphenya. Mu: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, olemba. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. Wolemba 21. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 639.