Kung'ung'uza mtima

Kung'ung'uza mtima ndikumveka, kuwomba, kapena kuwomba kwakumveka pakamveka kugunda kwamtima. Phokosolo limayambitsidwa ndi kusokonekera kwa magazi mwamphamvu kudzera pamavavu amtima kapena pafupi ndi mtima.

Mtima uli ndi zipinda 4:

• Zipinda ziwiri zakumtunda (atria)
• Zipinda ziwiri zapansi (ma ventricles)

Mtima uli ndi mavavu omwe amayandikira ndi kugunda kulikonse, ndikupangitsa magazi kuyenda mbali imodzi. Ma valve ali pakati pa zipinda.

Kung'ung'udza kumatha kuchitika pazifukwa zambiri, monga:

• Valavu siyitseka mwamphamvu ndipo magazi amatayikira kumbuyo (kubwezeretsanso)
• Magazi akamayenda kudzera m'mitsempha yolimbitsa thupi kapena yolimba (stenosis)

Pali njira zingapo zomwe wothandizira zaumoyo wanu angafotokozere kung'ung'udza:

• Kung'ung'udza kumagawidwa m'magulu ("omata") kutengera kudandaula komwe kumamveka ndi stethoscope. Kuwunikira kuli pamlingo. Kalasi sindingamveke. Chitsanzo cha kufotokozera kung'ung'udza ndi "kudandaula kwa grade II / VI." (Izi zikutanthauza kuti kung'ung'uza ndi giredi 2 pamlingo wa 1 mpaka 6).
• Kuphatikiza apo, kudandaula kumafotokozedwa ndi gawo lakugunda kwamtima pamene kudandaula kumveka. Kung'ung'udza mtima kumatha kufotokozedwa kuti systolic kapena diastolic. (Systole ndipamene mtima ukufinya magazi ndipo diastole ndipamene umadzaza magazi.)

Ngati kung'ung'udza kukuwonekera kwambiri, woperekayo atha kumatha kumva ndi dzanja lake pamtima. Izi zimatchedwa "zosangalatsa".

Zinthu zomwe wothandizira adzayang'ane pamayesowa ndi monga:

• Kodi kung'ung'udza kumachitika pomwe mtima ukupuma kapena kugwira mgwirizano?
• Kodi imatha kugunda kwamtima konse?
• Kodi zimasintha mukamayenda?
• Kodi zingamveke mbali zina za chifuwa, kumbuyo, kapena m'khosi?
• Kodi kung'ung'udza kumamveka kwambiri kuti?

Kung'ung'udza kwamitima yambiri kulibe vuto lililonse. Mitundu iyi yodandaula imatchedwa kung'ung'udza kosalakwa. Sizingayambitse matenda kapena mavuto. Kung'ung'udza kosalakwa SIKUFUNIKIRA chithandizo.

Kung'ung'udza kwina kwa mtima kumatha kuwonetsa zachilendo mumtima. Madandaulo achilendowa amatha chifukwa cha:

• Mavuto a valavu ya aortic (aortic regurgitation, aortic stenosis)
• Mavuto a mitral valve (matenda okhwima kapena owopsa a mitral regurgitation, mitral stenosis)
• Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
• Kubwezeretsanso m'mapapo (kubwerera kwa magazi kulowa mu ventricle yoyenera, komwe kumachitika chifukwa cholephera kwa valavu yamapapu kutseka kwathunthu)
• Pulmonary valve stenosis
• Mavuto a tricuspid valve (tricuspid regurgitation, tricuspid stenosis)

Kung'ung'udza kwakukulu mwa ana kumatha kuyambitsidwa ndi:

• Anomalous pulmonary venous return (mawonekedwe osadziwika amitsempha yam'mapapo)
• Matenda osokoneza bongo (ASD)
• Kupanga kwa aorta
• Maluso a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)
• Ventricular septal defect (VSD)

Kung'ung'udza kangapo kungachitike chifukwa cha mavuto amtima.

Ana nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi madandaulo ngati gawo wamba la chitukuko. Kung'ung'udza uku SIKUFunikira chithandizo. Zitha kuphatikiza:

• Kutulutsa m'mapapo kumang'ung'udza
• Kukadandaula komabe
• Wosangalatsa

Wopereka chithandizo amatha kumvera mawu anu akumtima poika stethoscope pachifuwa panu. Mudzafunsidwa mafunso okhudza mbiri yanu yazachipatala komanso zizindikilo zanu, monga:

• Kodi ena m'banjamo adadandaula kapena kumveka kwachilendo pamtima?
• Kodi muli ndi banja lomwe lili ndi mavuto amtima?
• Kodi mumamva kupweteka pachifuwa, kukomoka, kupuma movutikira, kapena mavuto ena opuma?
• Kodi mudakhala ndi kutupa, kunenepa, kapena mitsempha yotupa m'khosi?
• Kodi khungu lanu lili ndi mtundu wabuluu?

Wothandizirayo angakufunseni kuti mugwire, kuimirira, kapena kugwira mpweya wanu mutanyamula kapena kugwira china ndi manja anu kuti mumvetsere mtima wanu.

Mayesero otsatirawa akhoza kuchitika:

• X-ray pachifuwa
• Electrocardiogram (ECG)
• Zojambulajambula

Phokoso pachifuwa - kung'ung'udza; Zomveka pamtima - zachilendo; Kudandaula - osalakwa; Kung'ung'udza kosalakwa; Systolic mtima ukudandaula; Mtima wa diastolic ukudandaula

• Mtima - gawo kupyola pakati
• Mavavu amtima

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Goldman L. Njira kwa wodwala yemwe ali ndi matenda amtima. Mu: Goldman L, Schafer AI, olemba. Mankhwala a Goldman-Cecil. 26 wa. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 45.

Nishimura RA, Otto CM, Bonow RO, ndi al. 2017 AHA / ACC Yakhazikitsa ndondomeko ya malangizo a 2014 AHA / ACC oyang'anira odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a mtima wa valvular: lipoti la American College of Cardiology / American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. Kuzungulira. Chizindikiro. 2017; 135 (25): e1159-e1195. PMID: 28298458 pubed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28298458/.

Swartz MH. Mtima. Mu: Swartz MH, mkonzi. Textbook of Physical Diagnosis: Mbiri ndi Kufufuza. 8th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021: chaputala 14.