Chophimba cha Toxicology

Pulojekiti ya poizoni imatchula mayesero osiyanasiyana omwe amadziwika kuti ndi mtundu wanji wa mankhwala ovomerezeka ndi osaloledwa omwe munthu watenga.

Kuyeza kwa toxicology kumachitika nthawi zambiri pogwiritsa ntchito magazi kapena mkodzo. Komabe, zitha kuchitika munthu atangomaliza kumwa mankhwalawo, pogwiritsa ntchito zomwe zili m'mimba zomwe zimatulutsidwa m'mimba (kupopera m'mimba) kapena atasanza.

Palibe kukonzekera kwapadera komwe kumafunikira. Ngati mungathe, auzeni omwe amakuthandizani azaumoyo wanu zamankhwala (kuphatikizapo mankhwala owonjezera) omwe mwamwa, kuphatikiza nthawi yomwe munamwa ndi kuchuluka kwa zomwe mudamwa.

Kuyesaku nthawi zina kumakhala gawo lofufuzira kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Zovomerezeka zapadera, kusamalira ndi kulemba zilembo, kapena njira zina zitha kufunikira.

Kuyezetsa magazi:

Pamene singano imayikidwa kuti ikoke magazi, anthu ena amamva kupweteka pang'ono, pomwe ena amangomva kuwawa kapena kuluma. Pambuyo pake, pakhoza kukhala kupindika.

Mayeso amkodzo:

Kuyezetsa mkodzo kumakhudza kukodza kwachilendo. Palibe kusapeza.

Mayesowa nthawi zambiri amachitika pangozi zamankhwala. Ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuyesa kuwonongeka kwangozi mwangozi kapena mwadala kapena poyizoni. Zitha kuthandizira kudziwa chomwe chimayambitsa mankhwala owopsa a mankhwala, kuwunika kudalira kwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo, ndikuzindikira kupezeka kwa zinthu m'thupi pazamankhwala kapena zovomerezeka.

Zifukwa zina mayesowo atha kuchitidwa ndi awa:

• Kuledzera
• Dziko lochotsa mowa
• Kusintha kwa malingaliro
• Analgesic nephropathy (poizoni wa impso)
• Kuledzera kovuta (delirium tremens)
• Delirium
• Kusokonezeka maganizo
• Kuyang'anira kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo
• Matenda a fetal alcohol
• Kuledzera mwadala
• Kugwidwa
• Sitiroko yoyambitsidwa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito cocaine
• Akumuganizira
• Kusazindikira

Ngati kuyezetsa kumagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chophimba cha mankhwala, kuyenera kuchitidwa munthawi yochuluka mutamwa mankhwalawo, kapena mitundu ya mankhwala imatha kupezeka mthupi. Zitsanzo zili pansipa:

• Mowa: maola 3 mpaka 10
• Amphetamines: maola 24 mpaka 48
• Barbiturates: mpaka milungu isanu ndi umodzi
• Benzodiazepines: mpaka milungu isanu ndi umodzi yogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri
• Cocaine: masiku 2 mpaka 4; mpaka masiku 10 mpaka 22 ogwiritsa ntchito kwambiri
• Codeine: masiku 1 mpaka 2
• Heroin: masiku 1 mpaka 2
• Hydromorphone: masiku 1 mpaka 2
• Methadone: masiku 2 mpaka 3
• Morphine: 1 mpaka 2 masiku
• Phencyclidine (PCP): masiku 1 mpaka 8
• Propoxyphene: maola 6 mpaka 48
• Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC): milungu 6 mpaka 11 yogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri

Mitengo yanthawi zonse yamakalata kapena mankhwala azamankhwala imatha kusiyanasiyana pakati pama laboratories osiyanasiyana. Lankhulani ndi omwe akukuthandizani za tanthauzo la zotsatira zanu zoyeserera.

Mtengo woyipa nthawi zambiri umatanthauza kuti mowa, mankhwala akuchipatala omwe sanapatsidwe, komanso mankhwala osavomerezeka sanapezeke.

Sewero la poizoni wamagazi limatha kudziwa kupezeka ndi mulingo (kuchuluka) kwa mankhwala m'thupi lanu.

Zotsatira za zitsanzo za mkodzo nthawi zambiri zimanenedwa ngati zabwino (mankhwala amapezeka) kapena zoipa (palibe chinthu chomwe chimapezeka).

Kuchuluka kwa mowa kapena mankhwala osokoneza bongo kungakhale chizindikiro chakuledzera mwadala kapena mwangozi kapena bongo.

Kupezeka kwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo kapena mankhwala omwe sanapatsidwe kwa munthuyo kumawonetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo.

Mankhwala ena oyendetsera mankhwala ndi omwe angagulitsidwe amatha kulumikizana ndi mankhwala oyeserera komanso zotsatira zabodza pakuyesa mkodzo. Wothandizira anu azindikira izi.

Zowopsa zomwe zimakhudza kukoka magazi ndizochepa koma zingaphatikizepo:

• Kutaya magazi kwambiri
• Kukomoka kapena kumva mopepuka
• Hematoma (magazi akuchuluka pansi pa khungu)
• Kutenga (chiopsezo chochepa nthawi iliyonse khungu likasweka)

Zinthu zomwe zitha kupezeka pazenera la poizoni ndi monga:

• Mowa (ethanol) - "kumwa" mowa
• Amphetamine
• Mankhwala opatsirana
• Barbiturates ndi hypnotics
• Benzodiazepines
• Cocaine
• Flunitrazepam (Rohypnol)
• Gamma hydroxybutyrate (GHB)
• Chamba
• Mankhwala osokoneza bongo
• Mankhwala osamva ululu, kuphatikizapo acetaminophen ndi mankhwala oletsa kutupa
• Phencyclidine (PCP)
• Phenothiazines (antipsychotic kapena tranquilizing mankhwala)
• Mankhwala akuchipatala, mtundu uliwonse

Barbiturates - chophimba; Benzodiazepines - chophimba; Amphetamines - chophimba; Analgesics - chophimba; Kuponderezedwa - chophimba; Mankhwala osokoneza bongo - chophimba; Phenothiazines - chophimba; Chithunzi chogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo; Kuyezetsa mowa wamagazi

• Kuyezetsa magazi

Langman LJ, Bechtel LK, Meier BM, Holstege C. Chithandizo cha mankhwala. Mu: Rifai N, mkonzi. Tietz Textbook of Clinical Chemistry ndi Molecular Diagnostics. Lachisanu ndi chimodzi. St Louis, MO: Elsevier; 2018: mutu 41.

Minns AB, Clark RF. Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Mu: Makoma RM, Hockberger RS, Gausche-Hill M, eds. Rosen's Emergency Medicine: Concepts and Clinical Practice. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: chap 140.

Mofenson HC, Caraccio TR, McGuigan M, Greensher J. Poizoni wazamankhwala. Mu: Kellerman RD, Rakel DP, olemba., Eds. Therapy Yamakono ya Conn 2019. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019; 1273-1325.

Pincus MR, Bluth MH, Abraham NZ. Toxicology ndikuwunika mankhwala. Mu: McPherson RA, Pincus MR, olemba., Eds. Henry's Clinical Diagnosis and Management by Laboratory Methods. Wachitatu. St Louis, MO: Elsevier; 2017: chap 23.