Kujambula

Karyotyping ndiyeso loyesa ma chromosomes mu nyemba zamaselo. Kuyesaku kungathandize kuzindikira mavuto amtundu wamtundu monga chifukwa cha matenda kapena matenda.

Kuyesaku kumatha kuchitidwa pafupifupi minofu iliyonse, kuphatikiza:

• Amniotic madzimadzi
• Magazi
• M'mafupa
• Minofu kuchokera ku chiwalo chomwe chimakula panthawi yoyembekezera kudyetsa mwana yemwe akukula (placenta)

Kuti ayese amniotic fluid, amniocentesis yachitika.

Pafupipafupi pamafunika mafupa kuti mutenge fupa.

Chitsanzocho chimayikidwa mu mbale kapena chubu chapadera ndikuloledwa kukula mu labotale. Maselo amatengedwa kuchokera kuzitsanzo zatsopanozo ndikuipitsidwa. Katswiri wa labotale amagwiritsa ntchito microscope kuti aone kukula kwake, mawonekedwe ake, ndi kuchuluka kwa ma chromosomes omwe ali mchitsanzo cha khungu. Zoyeserera zimajambulidwa posonyeza dongosolo la ma chromosomes. Izi zimatchedwa karyotype.

Mavuto ena amatha kudziwika kudzera mu kuchuluka kapena kapangidwe ka ma chromosomes. Ma chromosomes amakhala ndi majini zikwizikwi omwe amasungidwa mu DNA, zomwe zimakhala zofunikira kwambiri.

Tsatirani malangizo a othandizira azaumoyo momwe mungakonzekerere mayeso.

Momwe mayeso adzamvekere zimadalira ngati njira zoyesedwazo zikukokera magazi (venipuncture), amniocentesis, kapena bone marrow biopsy.

Mayesowa atha:

• Werengani kuchuluka kwa ma chromosomes
• Fufuzani kusintha kwa ma chromosomes

Mayesowa atha kuchitika:

• Pa banja lomwe lili ndi mbiri yakupita padera
• Kuyang'ana mwana aliyense kapena mwana yemwe ali ndi mawonekedwe achilendo kapena kuchedwa kwakukula

Mafupa kapena kuyezetsa magazi kumatha kuchitidwa kuti chromosome ya Philadelphia, yomwe imapezeka mwa 85% ya anthu omwe ali ndi khansa ya m'magazi (CML).

Kuyesedwa kwa amniotic madzimadzi kumachitika kuti aletse mwana yemwe akukula pamavuto a chromosome.

Wopereka wanu atha kuyitanitsa mayeso ena omwe amapita limodzi ndi karyotype:

• Microarray: Imayang'ana kusintha pang'ono kwama chromosomes
• Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH): Imayang'ana zolakwitsa zazing'ono monga kuchotsedwa mu ma chromosomes

Zotsatira zodziwika ndi izi:

• Akazi: ma autosomes 44 ndi ma chromosomes awiri ogonana (XX), olembedwa ngati 46, XX
• Amuna: ma autosomes 44 ndi ma chromosomes awiri ogonana (XY), olembedwa ngati 46, XY

Zotsatira zachilendo zitha kukhala chifukwa cha matenda kapena chibadwa, monga:

• Matenda a Down
• Matenda a Klinefelter
• Chromosome ya ku Philadelphia
• Trisomy 18
• Matenda a Turner

Chemotherapy imatha kupangitsa ma chromosome break omwe amakhudza zotsatira zodziwika bwino za karyotyping.

Zowopsa zimakhudzana ndi njira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti zitsatire.

Nthawi zina, vuto limatha kupezeka m'maselo omwe akukula mgulu labu. Kuyesedwa kwa Karyotype kuyenera kubwerezedwa kuti zitsimikizire kuti vuto losazolowereka la chromosome lilidi mthupi la munthu.

Kusanthula kwa Chromosome

• Zojambula

Bacino CA, Lee B. Cytogenetics. Mu: Kliegman RM, Stanton BF, St. Geme JW, Schor NF, olemba. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. Wolemba 20th. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: chap 81.

Stein CK. Kugwiritsa ntchito cytogenetics m'matenda amakono. Mu: McPherson RA, Pincus MR, olemba., Eds. Henry's Clinical Diagnosis and Management by Laboratory Methods. Wachitatu. St Louis, MO: Elsevier; 2017: mutu 69.