Kukalamba kumasintha pamtima ndi mitsempha yamagazi

Zosintha zina pamtima ndi mitsempha yamagazi nthawi zambiri zimachitika ndi ukalamba. Komabe, zosintha zina zambiri zomwe zimakonda kukalamba zimachitika kapena zimaipiraipira ndi zinthu zosintha. Ngati sanalandire chithandizo, izi zimatha kudwala matenda amtima.

MBIRI

Mtima uli ndi mbali ziwiri. Mbali yakumanja imapopa magazi m'mapapu kuti ikalandire mpweya ndikutulutsa kaboni dayokisaidi. Mbali yakumanzere imapopera magazi okhala ndi mpweya wokwanira mthupi.

Magazi amatuluka kuchokera mumtima, choyamba kudzera mu aorta, kenako kudzera m'mitsempha, yomwe imatuluka ndikucheperako ndikamakhala yaying'ono ikamalowa m'minyewa. Mu minofu, amasandulika capillaries kakang'ono.

Ma capillaries ndipamene magazi amapereka okosijeni ndi michere m'thupi, ndipo amalandira mpweya woipa ndi zinyalala kubwerera m'thupi. Kenako, zotengera zimayamba kusonkhana pamitsempha ikuluikulu, yomwe imabwezeretsa magazi pamtima.

ZINTHU ZOKalamba ZASINTHA

Mtima:

• Mtima uli ndi dongosolo la pacemaker lachilengedwe lomwe limayendetsa kugunda kwa mtima. Zina mwa njira zadongosolo lino zimatha kupanga minofu yolimba komanso mafuta. Wopanga pacemaker wachilengedwe (sinoatrial kapena SA node) amataya maselo ake. Kusintha kumeneku kumatha kubweretsa kugunda pang'ono kwa mtima.
• Kuwonjezeka pang'ono kwa kukula kwa mtima, makamaka ventricle yakumanzere imapezeka mwa anthu ena. Khoma lamtima limakulirakulira, motero kuchuluka kwa magazi omwe chipinda chimatha kukhala nawo kumatha kuchepa ngakhale kukula kwa mtima wonse. Mtima ukhoza kudzaza pang'onopang'ono.
• Kusintha kwa mtima nthawi zambiri kumapangitsa kuti electrocardiogram (ECG) ya munthu wachikulire wathanzi akhale wosiyana pang'ono ndi ECG wachikulire wathanzi wathanzi. Nyimbo zachilendo (arrhythmias), monga atrial fibrillation, ndizofala kwambiri kwa anthu achikulire. Zitha kuyambitsidwa ndi mitundu ingapo ya matenda amtima.
• Kusintha kwachibadwa pamtima kumaphatikizapo madontho a "pigment okalamba," lipofuscin. Maselo a minofu yamtima amalowa pang'ono. Mavavu omwe ali mkati mwa mtima, omwe amayendetsa kayendedwe ka magazi, amakula ndikuuma. Kung'ung'udza mtima komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kuuma kwa valavu kumakhala kofala kwa achikulire.

Mitsempha yamagazi:

• Olandira omwe amatchedwa baroreceptors amawunika kuthamanga kwa magazi ndikusintha kuti akhalebe ndi magazi nthawi zonse munthu akasintha malo kapena akuchita zina. Omwe amalandira nkhanza amayamba kuchepa ndi ukalamba. Izi zitha kufotokozera chifukwa chake achikulire ambiri ali ndi orthostatic hypotension, mkhalidwe womwe kuthamanga kwa magazi kumagwera munthu akamachoka pakunama kapena kukhala pansi. Izi zimayambitsa chizungulire chifukwa magazi amachepetsa kuchepa.
• Makoma a capillary amakula pang'ono. Izi zitha kuyambitsa pang'onopang'ono kusinthana kwa michere ndi zinyalala.
• Mitsempha yayikulu yochokera mumtima (aorta) imakhala yolimba, yolimba, komanso yosasinthasintha. Izi mwina ndizokhudzana ndi kusintha kwa ziwalo zolumikizira khoma la chotengera chamagazi. Izi zimapangitsa kuti kuthamanga kwa magazi kukwere kwambiri ndikupangitsa mtima kugwira ntchito molimbika, zomwe zingayambitse kukhuthala kwa minofu ya mtima (hypertrophy). Mitsempha ina imalimbananso ndi kuuma. Mwambiri, okalamba ambiri amawonjezera kuthamanga kwa magazi pang'ono.

Magazi:

• Magazi omwewo amasintha pang'ono ndi zaka. Kukalamba kwabwino kumayambitsa kuchepa kwa madzi amthupi. Monga gawo la izi, mumakhala madzi ochepa m'magazi, motero voliyumu yamagazi imatsika.
• Liwiro lomwe maselo ofiira amapangidwa chifukwa chapanikizika kapena matenda amachepetsedwa. Izi zimapangitsa kuyankha pang'onopang'ono pakutha kwa magazi komanso kuchepa kwa magazi.
• Maselo oyera ambiri amakhala ofanana, ngakhale kuti maselo oyera amtundu wina amafunikira chitetezo cha mthupi (neutrophils) amachepetsa kuchuluka kwawo ndikuthana ndi mabakiteriya. Izi zimachepetsa kuthana ndi matenda.

ZOTSATIRA ZOSINTHA

Nthawi zambiri, mtima umapitilizabe kupopa magazi okwanira kupereka ziwalo zonse za thupi. Komabe, mtima wachikulire sungathenso kupopa magazi mukamaugwiritsa ntchito molimbika.

Zina mwazinthu zomwe zimapangitsa mtima wanu kugwira ntchito molimbika ndi izi:

• Mankhwala ena
• Kupsinjika mtima
• Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi
• Kudwala
• Matenda
• Kuvulala

MAVUTO OKHALA

• Angina (kupweteka pachifuwa komwe kumachitika chifukwa chakuchepetsa magazi pang'onopang'ono mpaka minofu ya mtima), kupuma pang'ono molimbika, komanso kudwala kwamtima kumatha kubwera chifukwa cha matenda amitsempha amitsempha.
• Mitundu yosadziwika yamitima (arrhythmias) yamitundu yosiyanasiyana imatha kuchitika.
• Kuchepa kwa magazi kumatha kuchitika, mwina kokhudzana ndi kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi, matenda opatsirana, kutaya magazi m'matumbo, kapena ngati vuto la matenda ena kapena mankhwala.
• Arteriosclerosis (kuuma kwa mitsempha) ndizofala kwambiri. Zikwangwani zamafuta zomwe zimayika m'mitsempha yamagazi zimawapangitsa kuti achepetse komanso kutsekereza mitsempha yamagazi.
• Kulephera mtima kwa mtima kumakhala kofala kwambiri kwa anthu achikulire. Mwa anthu opitilira 75, kupsinjika kwa mtima kumachitika kawiri kawiri kuposa achikulire.
• Matenda a mitsempha ya mitsempha ndiofala kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri zimachitika chifukwa cha atherosclerosis.
• Kuthamanga kwa magazi ndi orthostatic hypotension ndizofala kwambiri ukalamba. Okalamba omwe ali ndi mankhwala othamanga magazi amayenera kugwira ntchito ndi adotolo kuti apeze njira yabwino yothanirana ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi. Izi ndichifukwa choti mankhwala ochulukirapo amatha kupangitsa kuthamanga kwa magazi ndipo atha kugwa.
• Matenda a valavu yamtima ndiofala. Aortic stenosis, kapena kuchepa kwa valavu ya aortic, ndimatenda ofala kwambiri kwa achikulire.
• Kuukira kwanthawi yayitali (TIA) kapena sitiroko zimatha kuchitika ngati magazi asunthira muubongo akusokonekera.

Mavuto ena amtima ndi mitsempha yamagazi ndi awa:

• Kuundana kwamagazi
• Mitsempha yakuya
• Thrombophlebitis
• Matenda a m'mitsempha, omwe amachititsa kupweteka kwamiyendo poyenda (claudication)
• Mitsempha ya Varicose
• Ma Aneurysms amatha kukhala m'mitsempha ikuluikulu yochokera mumtima kapena muubongo. Ma Aneurysms ndikukula modabwitsa kapena kubaluni kwa gawo lamtsempha chifukwa chofooka pakhoma la mtsempha wamagazi. Matenda a aneurysm ataphulika amatha kuyambitsa magazi komanso kufa.

KUPewETSA

• Mutha kuthandiza kayendedwe kanu ka magazi (mtima ndi mitsempha). Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda amtima zomwe mumawalamulira zimaphatikizapo kuthamanga kwa magazi, kuchuluka kwama cholesterol, matenda ashuga, kunenepa kwambiri, komanso kusuta.
• Idyani chakudya chopatsa thanzi ndi mafuta ochepetsedwa komanso cholesterol, ndikuchepetsa thupi lanu. Tsatirani malingaliro a omwe amakuthandizani pakuthandizira kuthamanga kwa magazi, cholesterol kapena shuga. Kuchepetsa kapena kusiya kusuta.
• Amuna azaka zapakati pa 65 mpaka 75 omwe adasuta kale amayenera kuwunikiridwa ndi ma aneurysms m'mimba mwa mimbulu yawo nthawi zambiri ndimayeso a ultrasound.

Pezani masewera olimbitsa thupi:

• Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kumathandiza kupewa kunenepa kwambiri, ndipo kumathandiza anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga kuti azilamulira shuga wamagazi.
• Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kungakuthandizeni kukhalabe ndi luso momwe mungathere, komanso kumachepetsa kupsinjika.
• Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi ndichimodzi mwazinthu zabwino kwambiri zomwe mungachite kuti mukhale ndi mtima wathanzi, ndi thupi lanu lonse. Lankhulani ndi omwe akukuthandizani musanayambe pulogalamu yatsopano. Chitani masewera olimbitsa thupi moyenera komanso momwe mungathere, koma chitani nthawi zonse.
• Anthu omwe amachita masewera olimbitsa thupi nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mafuta ochepa mthupi ndipo amasuta mocheperapo kuposa omwe samachita masewera olimbitsa thupi. Amakhalanso ndi mavuto ochepetsa magazi komanso matenda ochepera mtima.

Onetsetsani mtima wanu pafupipafupi:

• Pezani magazi anu chaka chilichonse. Ngati muli ndi matenda ashuga, matenda amtima, mavuto a impso, kapena zovuta zina, magazi anu angafunike kuyang'aniridwa kwambiri.
• Ngati mafuta anu m'thupi ndi abwinobwino, ayambiraninso zaka zisanu zilizonse. Ngati muli ndi matenda ashuga, matenda amtima, mavuto a impso, kapena zovuta zina, cholesterol yanu imafunika kuyang'aniridwa kwambiri.

Matenda a mtima - ukalamba; Atherosclerosis - ukalamba

• Kutenga mtima wanu wa carotid
• Kuzungulira kwa magazi kudzera mumtima
• Zozungulira zimachitika
• Thupi labwinobwino la mtima (gawo lodulidwa)
• Zotsatira zakubadwa kuthamanga kwa magazi

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Seki A, Fishbein MC. Kusintha kwa matenda okhudzana ndi ukalamba ndi matenda. Mu: Buja LM, Butany J, olemba. Matenda a Mtima. Wolemba 4. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: chap 2.

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