Alangizi a NICU ndi othandizira

NICU ndi gawo lapadera kuchipatala kwa ana obadwa msanga, molawirira kwambiri, kapena omwe ali ndi matenda ena ovuta. Ana ambiri obadwa molawirira amafunikira chisamaliro chapadera atabadwa.

Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza za alangizi ndi othandizira omwe atenga nawo mbali posamalira khanda lanu kutengera zosowa zachipatala za mwana wanu.

WOPHUNZIRA MALANGIZO

Katswiri wa zomvetsera amaphunzitsidwa kuyesa kumva kwa mwana ndikupereka chisamaliro chotsatira kwa iwo omwe ali ndi vuto lakumva. Ana ambiri obadwa kumene amamva makutu awo asanatuluke kuchipatala. Opereka chithandizo chamankhwala adzazindikira kuti ndi mayeso ati omvera omwe ali abwino. Mayesero akumva amathanso kuchitidwa mutachoka kuchipatala.

Katswiri wa Zamoyo

Katswiri wa zamankhwala ndi dokotala yemwe amaphunzitsidwa mwapadera pakuwunika ndi kuchiza matenda amtima ndi magazi. Madokotala a cardiologists amaphunzitsidwa kuthana ndi mavuto a mtima wakhanda. Katswiri wa zamankhwala amatha kuyesa mwanayo, kuyitanitsa mayeso, ndikuwerenga zotsatira za mayeso. Kuyesa kofufuza za mtima kungaphatikizepo:

• X-ray
• Electrocardiogram (ECG)
• Zojambulajambula
• Catheterization yamtima

Ngati kapangidwe ka mtima si kachilendo chifukwa cha vuto lobadwa nalo, katswiri wamtima amatha kugwira ntchito ndi dotolo wa mtima kuti achite opaleshoni yamtima.

SURGEON WA CARDIOVASCULAR

Dokotala wochita opaleshoni yamtima (mtima) ndi dokotala yemwe amaphunzitsidwa mwapadera pochita opareshoni kuti akonze kapena kuchiritsa zofooka za mtima. Ochita opaleshoni ya mtima ya ana amaphunzitsidwa kuthana ndi mavuto amtima wakhanda.

Nthawi zina, opaleshoni imatha kukonza vuto la mtima. Nthawi zina, kukonza kwathunthu sikungatheke ndipo opareshoni imachitika kuti mtima ugwire bwino ntchito. Dokotalayo adzagwira ntchito limodzi ndi katswiri wa matenda a mtima kuti asamalire mwanayo asanafike komanso pambuyo pake.

Katswiri wa zachipatala

Dermatologist ndi dokotala yemwe amaphunzitsidwa mwapadera matenda ndi mawonekedwe a khungu, tsitsi, ndi misomali. Dokotala wotero angafunsidwe kuti ayang'ane zotupa kapena zotupa pakhungu pa mwana yemwe ali mchipatala. Nthawi zina, dermatologist imatha kutenga khungu, lotchedwa biopsy. Dermatologist amathanso kugwira ntchito ndi wamatenda kuti awerenge zotsatira za biopsy.

KUKONZEKERETSA WOPEDWA PAKATI

Katswiri wa ana otukuka ndi dokotala yemwe adaphunzitsidwa mwapadera kuti azindikire ndikusamalira makanda omwe ali ndi vuto kuchita zomwe ana ena amsinkhu wawo angathe kuchita. Dokotala wamtunduwu nthawi zambiri amayesa makanda omwe abwerera kale kunyumba kuchokera ku NICU ndipo amalamula kapena kuchita mayeso otukuka. Dotolo amathanso kukuthandizani kupeza zinthu pafupi ndi kwanu zomwe zimapereka chithandizo chothandizira makanda ndi ana kukumana ndi zochitika zazikulu zachitukuko. Madokotala otukuka amagwira ntchito limodzi ndi madokotala, othandizira pantchito, othandizira thupi, komanso nthawi zina ma neurologist.

WODZIPEREKA

Katswiri wazakudya amaphunzitsidwa mwapadera zakuthandizira pazakudya (kudyetsa). Wopereka chithandizo wotereyu amathanso kudziwika pa chisamaliro cha ana (ana) chaumoyo. Akatswiri azakudya amathandizira kudziwa ngati mwana wanu akupeza michere yokwanira, ndipo atha kulangiza zakudya zina zomwe zingaperekedwe kudzera m'magazi kapena chubu lodyetsera.

WOPHUNZIRA KWA ANTHU

Dokotala wa ana wotchedwa endocrinologist ndi dokotala yemwe amaphunzitsidwa mwapadera momwe angadziwire ndi kuthandizira ana omwe ali ndi vuto la mahomoni. Endocrinologists atha kufunsidwa kuti awone makanda omwe ali ndi vuto la kuchuluka kwa mchere kapena shuga mthupi, kapena omwe ali ndi vuto ndikukula kwamatenda ena ndi ziwalo zogonana.

GASTROENTEROLOGIST

Dokotala wa ana gastroenterologist ndi dokotala wophunzitsidwa mwapadera pakuwunika ndi kuchiza makanda omwe ali ndi mavuto am'mimba (m'mimba ndi m'matumbo) ndi chiwindi. Dotolo wamtunduwu atha kufunsidwa kuti awone mwana yemwe ali ndi vuto lakugaya chakudya kapena chiwindi. Mayeso, monga ma x-ray, kuyesa kwa chiwindi, kapena ma m'mimba ma ultrasound, atha kuchitidwa.

GENETIKI

Katswiri wa zamoyo ndi dokotala yemwe amaphunzitsidwa mwapadera momwe angadziwire ndikuchiza ana omwe ali ndi vuto lobadwa nalo, kuphatikiza mavuto a chromosomal kapena syndromes. Mayeso, monga kuwunika kwa chromosome, maphunziro amadzimadzi, ndi ma ultrasound, atha kuchitidwa.

WAHEMATOLOGIST-ONCOLOGIST

Dokotala wa hematologist-oncologist ndi dokotala yemwe amaphunzitsidwa mwapadera pakuwunika ndi kuchiza ana omwe ali ndi vuto lamagazi ndi mitundu ya khansa. Dotolo wamtunduwu atha kufunsidwa kuti awone munthu yemwe ali ndi vuto lakutaya magazi chifukwa cha ma platelet otsika kapena zina zotseka. Mayeso, monga kuwerengera kwathunthu kwa magazi kapena maphunziro a clotting, atha kuyitanidwa.

Katswiri wa Matenda Odziwika

Katswiri wokhudzana ndi matenda opatsirana ndi dokotala yemwe amaphunzitsidwa mwapadera momwe angathere ndi chithandizo cha matenda. Amatha kupemphedwa kuti awone mwana yemwe amatenga matenda achilendo kapena owopsa. Matenda a ana amatha kuphatikiza matenda amwazi kapena matenda aubongo ndi msana.

MADokotala OTHANDIZA AMAYI

Dotolo wamankhwala a amayi apakati (fetinatologist) ndiwodwala yemwe amakhala ndi maphunziro apadera osamalira amayi oyembekezera omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu. Kuopsa kwakukulu kumatanthauza kuti pali mwayi wochulukirapo wamavuto. Dotolo wamtunduwu amatha kusamalira azimayi omwe agwirapo ntchito msanga, ma gestation angapo (mapasa kapena kupitilira apo), kuthamanga kwa magazi, kapena matenda ashuga.

OTHANDIZA ANTHU OTHANDIZA (NNP)

Ophunzitsa anamwino a Neonatal (NNP) ndi anamwino opititsa patsogolo ntchito omwe ali ndi luso losamalira makanda obadwa kumene kuphatikiza pomaliza maphunziro awo aukadaulo. NNP imagwira ntchito limodzi ndi neonatologist kuti azindikire ndikuchiza mavuto azaumoyo mwa makanda ku NICU. NNP imapangitsanso njira zothandizira kuzindikira ndikuwongolera zinthu zina.

NEPHROLOGIST

Dokotala wa ana nephrologist ndi dokotala yemwe amaphunzitsidwa mwapadera pozindikira ndi kuchiza ana omwe ali ndi vuto la impso ndi kwamikodzo. Dotolo wamtunduwu atha kufunsidwa kuti awone mwana yemwe ali ndi mavuto pakukula kwa impso kapena kuthandiza kusamalira mwana yemwe impso zake sizigwira bwino ntchito. Ngati mwana akufuna kuchitidwa opaleshoni ya impso, nephrologist adzagwira ntchito ndi dotolo kapena urologist.

Katswiri wa sayansi ya zakuthambo

Dokotala wa ana ndi dokotala yemwe amaphunzitsidwa mwapadera momwe angadziwire ndi kuchiza ana omwe ali ndi vuto la ubongo, mitsempha, ndi minofu. Dotolo wamtunduwu atha kufunsidwa kuti awone mwana yemwe wakomoka kapena akutuluka magazi muubongo. Ngati khanda likufunika kuchitidwa opaleshoni chifukwa cha vuto linalake muubongo kapena msana, katswiri wa maubongo amatha kugwira ntchito ndi neurosurgeon.

NEUROSURONI

Dokotala wa ana ndi neurosurgeon ndi dokotala wophunzitsidwa ngati dokotala wochita opaleshoni yemwe amagwiritsa ntchito ubongo wa ana ndi zingwe za msana. Dotolo wamtunduwu atha kufunsidwa kuti awone mwana yemwe ali ndi mavuto, monga msana bifida, kuphwanya kwa chigaza, kapena hydrocephalus.

WOLEMBEDWA

Wobereka ndi dokotala yemwe amaphunzitsidwa mwapadera kusamalira amayi apakati. Dotolo wotereyu amathanso kuthandiza azimayi omwe akuyesera kutenga pakati ndikutsatira azimayi omwe ali ndi matenda, monga matenda ashuga kapena kuchepa kwa kukula kwa mwana.

OPHTHALMOLOGIST

Dokotala wa ophthalmologist ndi dokotala yemwe amaphunzitsidwa mwapadera pozindikira ndikuchiza mavuto amaso mwa ana. Dokotala wamtunduwu amatha kupemphedwa kuti awone mwana yemwe ali ndi vuto lobadwa m'diso.

Katswiri wa maso adzayang'ana mkati mwa diso la mwanayo kuti adziwe momwe matendawo amakhalira asanabadwe. Nthawi zina, dokotala wamtunduwu amatha kupanga ma laser kapena maopareshoni ena m'maso.

SURGEON WA MAFUNSO

Dokotala wa mafupa wa ana ndi dokotala wophunzitsidwa mwapadera pakuwunika ndi kuchiza ana omwe ali ndi mikhalidwe yokhudza mafupa awo. Dotolo wamtunduwu atha kufunsidwa kuti awone mwana yemwe ali ndi zilema zamiyendo kapena miyendo, chiuno chosokonekera (dysplasia), kapena mafupa osweka. Kuti muwone mafupawo, ochita opaleshoni ya mafupa amatha kuyitanitsa ma radiation kapena x-ray. Ngati zingafunike, amatha kuchita opareshoni kapena kuyika ma CD.

NSTESI WA OSTOMY

Namwino wa ostomy ndi namwino wophunzitsidwa mwapadera kusamalira mabala a khungu ndi zotseguka m'mimba momwe kumapeto kwa matumbo kapena njira yosonkhanitsira impso imatulukira. Kutsegula koteroko kumatchedwa ostomy. Ostomies ndi zotsatira za opareshoni yofunikira kuthana ndi mavuto ambiri am'mimba, monga necrotizing enterocolitis. Nthawi zina, anamwino a ostomy amafunsidwa kuti athandizire kusamalira mabala ovuta.

OTOLARYNGOLOGIST / KUMANKHALA PANSI THROAT (ENT) Katswiri

Katswiri wa ana otolaryngologist amatchedwanso katswiri wamakutu, mphuno, ndi mmero (ENT). Uyu ndi dokotala wophunzitsidwa mwapadera pakuwunika ndi kuchiza ana omwe ali ndi vuto la khutu, mphuno, pakhosi, komanso mpweya. Dotolo wamtunduwu atha kufunsidwa kuti awone mwana yemwe ali ndi vuto la kupuma kapena kutsekeka kwa mphuno.

OCCUPATIONAL / PHYSICAL / SPEECH THERAPISTS (OT / PT / ST)

Othandizira pantchito ndi zakuthupi (OT / PT) ndi akatswiri omwe ali ndi maphunziro apamwamba pakugwira ntchito ndi makanda omwe ali ndi zosowa zachitukuko. Ntchitoyi imaphatikizapo kuwunika kwamachitidwe aubongo (mawonekedwe apambuyo, malingaliro, kayendedwe ka mayendedwe, ndi mayankho pakuwongolera). Kuphatikiza apo, akatswiri a OT / PT athandizira kuzindikira kukonzekera kwa kuyamwitsa mwana ndi luso pakamwa. Othandizira pakuthandizira amathandizanso pakudyetsa maluso m'malo ena. Othandizira awa atha kufunsidwanso kuti apereke maphunziro ndi kuthandizira mabanja.

Katswiri wa zachipatala

A pathologist ndi dokotala wophunzitsidwa mwapadera pakuyesa kwa labotale ndikuwunika minyewa ya thupi. Amayang'anira labotale komwe amayesa mayeso ambiri azachipatala. Amawunikanso minofu yomwe ili pansi pa microscope yomwe imapezeka pakuchita opareshoni kapena pakuwunika.

WOPEDWA NDI WOPEDWA

Katswiri wa ana ndi dokotala yemwe amaphunzitsidwa mwapadera posamalira makanda ndi ana. Dokotala wamtunduwu atha kufunsidwa kuti akawone mwana ku NICU, koma nthawi zambiri amakhala woyang'anira wamkulu wakhanda wathanzi. Katswiri wa ana amaperekanso chisamaliro choyambirira kwa ana ambiri atachoka ku NICU.

PHLEBOTOMIST

Phlebotomist ndi katswiri wophunzitsidwa mwapadera yemwe amatenga magazi anu. Wopereka wotereyu amatha kutenga magazi pamitsempha kapena chidendene cha mwana.

WOPHUNZIRA PULMONOLOGIST

Dokotala wa pulmonologist wa ana ndi dokotala wophunzitsidwa mwapadera pozindikira ndi kuchiritsa ana omwe ali ndi vuto la kupuma (kupuma). Ngakhale neonatologist amasamalira makanda ambiri omwe ali ndi vuto la kupuma, pulmonologist atha kufunsidwa kuti awone kapena kuthandiza kusamalira ana omwe ali ndi vuto lachilendo m'mapapu.

Katswiri wa zakuthambo

Radiologist ndi dokotala wophunzitsidwa mwapadera pakupeza ndikuwerenga ma x-ray ndi mayeso ena ojambula, monga barium enemas ndi ma ultrasound. Madokotala a radiologists a ana ali ndi maphunziro owonjezera kulingalira kwa ana.

WOPHUNZITSIRA OTHANDIZA (RT)

Othandizira opuma (RTs) amaphunzitsidwa kuti apereke mankhwala angapo pamtima ndi m'mapapu. Ma RTs amatenga nawo mbali ndi makanda omwe ali ndi vuto la kupuma, monga kupuma kwamavuto kapena bronchopulmonary dysplasia. RT itha kukhala katswiri wakunja kwa membrane oxygenation (ECMO) wopitiliza maphunziro.

OGWIRA NTCHITO

Ogwira ntchito zachitukuko ndi akatswiri omwe ali ndi maphunziro ndi maphunziro apadera kuti adziwe zosowa zamaganizidwe, malingaliro, komanso zachuma za mabanja. Amathandizira mabanja kupeza ndikugwirizanitsa zida kuchipatala ndi mdera lomwe lingathandize kukwaniritsa zosowa zawo. Ogwira ntchito zothandizanso amathandizanso pakukonzekera kutulutsa.

WOLEMBA UROLOGULE

Dokotala wamankhwala wamankhwala ndi dokotala yemwe amaphunzitsidwa mwapadera pozindikira ndikuchiza matenda okhudzana ndi kwamikodzo mwa ana. Dokotala wamtunduwu atha kufunsidwa kuti awone mwana ali ndi vuto monga hydronephrosis kapena hypospadias. Ndi zina, adzagwira ntchito limodzi ndi nephrologist.

X-RAY Katswiri

Katswiri wa x-ray amaphunzitsidwa kutenga ma x-ray. Ma X-ray amatha kukhala pachifuwa, m'mimba, kapena m'chiuno. Nthawi zina, zothetsera zake zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kupangitsa ziwalo za thupi kukhala zosavuta kuziwona, monga momwe zimakhalira ndi barium enemas. X-ray ya mafupa amachitiranso makanda pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana.

Malo osamalira ana obadwa kumene - alangizi ndi othandizira; Chipatala cha Neonatal - othandizira ndi othandizira

Hendricks-Muñoz KD, Prendergast CC. Kusamalira mabanja ndikukhala otukuka mgulu la chisamaliro chakuyembekezera. Mu: Polin RA, Spitzer AR, olemba. Zinsinsi za Fetal ndi Neonatal. Wachitatu ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2014: mutu 4.

Kilbaugh TJ, Zwass M, Ross P. Matenda a ana ndi ana osamalidwa bwino. Mu: Miller RD, Mkonzi. Anesthesia wa Miller. 8th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2015: chap 95.

Martin RJ, Fanaroff AA, Walsh MC, olemba. Fanaroff ndi Martin's Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine Matenda a Khanda ndi Khanda. 10th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2015.