Chifuwa

Gonorrhea ndi matenda opatsirana pogonana (STI).

Gonorrhea imayambitsidwa ndi mabakiteriya Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Kugonana kwamtundu uliwonse kumatha kufalitsa chinzonono. Mutha kuzilumikizira pakamwa, pakhosi, m'maso, mtsempha, nyini, mbolo, kapena kumatako.

Gonorrhea ndi matenda achiwiri ofala kwambiri opatsirana. Pafupifupi milandu 330,000 imachitika ku United States chaka chilichonse.

Mabakiteriya amakula m'malo ofunda, onyowa mthupi. Izi zitha kuphatikizira chubu chomwe chimatulutsa mkodzo m'thupi (urethra). Kwa amayi, mabakiteriya amapezeka m'magawo oberekera (omwe amaphatikizira timachubu, chiberekero, ndi khomo pachibelekeropo). Mabakiteriya amathanso kukula m'maso.

Opereka chithandizo chamankhwala amafunika mwalamulo kuti auze State Board of Health za matenda onse a chinzonono. Cholinga cha lamuloli ndikuwonetsetsa kuti munthuyo amalandila chithandizo ndi chithandizo chotsatira. Omwe amagonana nawonso amafunika kupezeka ndikuyesedwa.

Mutha kukhala ndi matendawa ngati:

• Mumakhala ndi zibwenzi zingapo.
• Muli ndi mnzanu wakale wa matenda opatsirana pogonana.
• Simugwiritsa ntchito kondomu nthawi yogonana.
• Mumamwa mowa kapena zinthu zina zosaloledwa.

Zizindikiro za chinzonono nthawi zambiri zimawoneka patatha masiku awiri kapena asanu mutadwala. Komabe, zimatha kutenga mwezi kuti zizindikiritso ziwonekere mwa amuna.

Anthu ena alibe zizindikiro. Mwina sangadziwe kuti atenga matendawa, choncho musapite kuchipatala. Izi zimawonjezera chiopsezo cha zovuta komanso mwayi wopatsira kachilomboka kwa munthu wina.

Zizindikiro mwa amuna ndizo:

• Kupsa ndi kupweteka mukakodza
• Muyenera kukodza mwachangu kapena pafupipafupi
• Kutuluka kuchokera ku mbolo (yoyera, yachikaso, kapena yobiriwira)
• Kutsegula kofiyira kapena kotupa kwa mbolo (urethra)
• Machende achikondi kapena otupa
• Pakhosi (gonococcal pharyngitis)

Zizindikiro mwa amayi zimatha kukhala zofatsa kwambiri. Amatha kulakwitsa chifukwa chamtundu wina wamatenda. Zikuphatikizapo:

• Kupsa ndi kupweteka mukakodza
• Chikhure
• Kugonana kowawa
• Zowawa zazikulu pamimba pamimba (ngati matendawa amafalikira kumatumba ndi chiberekero)
• Malungo (ngati matendawa amafalikira kumatumba ndi chiberekero)
• Kutuluka magazi kosazolowereka
• Magazi atagonana
• Kutulutsa kwachilendo kumaliseche ndikutuluka kobiriwira, wachikaso kapena koipa

Ngati kachilomboka kamafalikira m'magazi, zizindikilo zake ndi izi:

• Malungo
• Kutupa
• Zizindikiro zonga nyamakazi

Gonorrhea imatha kupezeka mwachangu poyang'ana mtundu wa zotulutsa kapena minofu pansi pa microscope. Izi zimatchedwa banga la gramu. Njirayi ndiyachangu, koma siyotsimikizika kwambiri.

Gonorrhea imadziwika bwino kwambiri ndi kuyesa kwa DNA. Mayeso a DNA ndi othandiza pakuwunika. Mayeso a ligase chain reaction (LCR) ndi amodzi mwamayeso. Mayeso a DNA ndi achangu kuposa zikhalidwe. Kuyesaku kumatha kuchitidwa pamitundu ya mkodzo, yosavuta kutolera kuposa zitsanzo kuchokera kumaliseche.

Asanayesedwe DNA, zikhalidwe (maselo omwe amakula mumalabu a labu) adagwiritsidwa ntchito kupereka umboni wa chinzonono, koma sagwiritsidwa ntchito masiku ano.

Zitsanzo za chikhalidwe nthawi zambiri zimatengedwa kuchokera pachibelekero, kumaliseche, urethra, anus, kapena pakhosi. Nthawi zambiri, zitsanzo zimatengedwa kuchokera kumadzimadzi olumikizana kapena magazi. Zikhalidwe nthawi zambiri zimapereka kuzindikira koyambirira pasanathe maola 24. Chidziwitso chotsimikizika chikupezeka mkati mwa maola 72.

Ngati muli ndi chinzonono, muyenera kufunsa kuti muyesedwe ndi matenda ena opatsirana pogonana, kuphatikizapo chlamydia, syphilis, ndi herpes herpes ndi hepatitis.

Kuunika kwa chinzonono mwa anthu omwe sangazindikire kuyenera kuchitika m'magulu otsatirawa:

• Akazi ogonana azaka 24 komanso kupitilira apo
• Mkazi wazaka zopitilira 24 yemwe ali pachiwopsezo chotenga kachirombo

Sizikudziwika ngati kuwunika amuna ndi chinzonono ndikopindulitsa.

Maantibayotiki angapo angagwiritsidwe ntchito pochiza matendawa.

• Mutha kulandira mulingo umodzi waukulu wa maantibayotiki kapena kumwa pang'ono masiku asanu ndi awiri.
• Mungapatsidwe jakisoni wa maantibayotiki kapena kuwomberedwa, kenako ndikupatsirani mapiritsi a antibiotic. Mitundu ina ya mapiritsi amatengedwa nthawi imodzi muofesi ya omwe amapereka. Mitundu ina imatengedwa kunyumba kwa sabata limodzi.
• Matenda ovuta kwambiri a PID (matenda am'mimba) amatha kukupangitsani kuti mukhale mchipatala. Maantibayotiki amaperekedwa kudzera m'mitsempha.
• Osadzichitira wekha osawoneka ndi omwe amakupatsani poyamba. Wopereka chithandizo ndiye amene angadziwe chithandizo chabwino kwambiri.

Pafupifupi theka la amayi omwe ali ndi chinzonono nawonso ali ndi kachilombo ka chlamydia. Chlamydia imachiritsidwa nthawi yofanana ndi matenda a chinzonono.

Mudzafunika ulendo wotsatira pakatha masiku 7 ngati zizindikiro zanu zikuphatikizira kupweteka pamiyendo, zotupa pakhungu, kapena ululu wam'mimba kapena wamimba. Kuyesedwa kudzachitika kuti matenda athe.

Ogonana nawo ayenera kuyesedwa ndikuchiritsidwa kuti apewe kupatsira kachilomboka. Inu ndi mnzanu muyenera kumaliza maantibayotiki onse. Gwiritsani ntchito kondomu mpaka nonse mutatsiriza kumwa maantibayotiki anu. Ngati mwadwala chinzonono kapena mauka, simungathe kudwalanso matenda ngati mumagwiritsa ntchito kondomu nthawi zonse.

Onse ogonana ndi munthu yemwe ali ndi chinzonono ayenera kulumikizidwa ndikuyesedwa. Izi zimathandiza kupewa kufalikira kwa kachilomboka.

• M'malo ena, mutha kutengera nokha zidziwitso ndi mankhwala kwa wokondedwa wanu.
• M'madera ena, dipatimenti yazaumoyo ilumikizana ndi mnzanu.

Matenda a chinzonono omwe sanafalikire nthawi zambiri amatha kuchiritsidwa ndi maantibayotiki. Gonorrhea yomwe yafalikira ndi matenda oopsa kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri, zimakhala bwino ndi chithandizo.

Zovuta mwa akazi zingaphatikizepo:

• Matenda omwe amafalikira kumatumba angayambitse. Izi zitha kuyambitsa mavuto kutenga pakati nthawi ina. Zitha kupanganso kupweteka kwa m'chiuno, PID, kusabereka, komanso ectopic pregnancy. Magawo obwerezabwereza adzawonjezera mwayi wanu wosabereka chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa tubal.
• Amayi apakati omwe ali ndi chinzonono kwambiri amatha kupatsira mwana wawo m'mimba kapena panthawi yobereka.
• Zingathenso kuyambitsa zovuta pamimba monga matenda komanso kubereka msanga.
• Abscess m'mimba (chiberekero) ndi pamimba.

Zovuta mwa amuna zingaphatikizepo:

• Kupunduka kapena kuchepa kwa urethra (chubu chomwe chimatulutsa mkodzo m'thupi)
• Abscess (kusonkhanitsa mafinya kuzungulira mkodzo)

Zovuta mwa abambo ndi amai atha kukhala:

• Matenda ophatikizana
• Matenda a valavu yamtima
• Matenda ozungulira ubongo (meningitis)

Itanani omwe akukuthandizani nthawi yomweyo ngati muli ndi matenda a chinzonono. Makliniki ambiri omwe amathandizidwa ndi boma azindikira ndi kuchiza matenda opatsirana pogonana kwaulere.

Kupewa kugonana ndi njira yokhayo yotsimikizika yopewera chizonono. Ngati inu ndi mnzanu simugonana ndi anthu ena, izi zitha kuchepetsa mwayi wanu.

Kugonana motetezeka kumatanthauza kuchita zinthu musanagonane komanso mukamagonana zomwe zingakulepheretseni kutenga matenda, kapena kuti musampatse wokondedwa wanu. Mchitidwe wogonana mosatekeseka ukuphatikiza kuwunika matenda opatsirana pogonana mwa onse omwe amagonana nawo, kugwiritsa ntchito kondomu nthawi zonse, kukhala ndi ocheperako ochepa.

Funsani omwe akukuthandizani ngati mungalandire ulalo wa katemera wa hepatitis B ndi ulalo wa katemera wa HPV. Mwinanso mungafune kuganizira katemera wa HPV.

Kuomba mmanja; Kukapanda kuleka

Malo Othandizira Kuteteza ndi Kuteteza tsamba lawebusayiti. Kuyang'anira matenda opatsirana pogonana 2019. www.cdc.gov/std/statistics/2019/default.htm. Idasinthidwa pa Epulo 13, 2021. Idapezeka pa Epulo 15, 2021.

Ikani JE. Matenda a gonococcal. Mu: Wilson CB, Nizet V, Maldonado YA, Remington JS, Klein JO, olemba. Matenda Opatsirana a mwana wosabadwayo ndi mwana wakhanda a Remington ndi Klein. 8th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: chap 15.

Khalani TP. Matenda opatsirana pogonana. Mu: Habif TP, mkonzi. Matenda Opatsirana Matenda. Lachisanu ndi chimodzi. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: mutu 10.

LeFevre ML; Gulu Lachitetezo la U.S. Kuwunika kwa Chlamydia ndi gonorrhea: Ndemanga ya US Preventive Services Task Force. Ann Intern Med. 2014; 161 (12): 902-910. PMID: 25243785 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25243785. (Adasankhidwa)

Marrazzo JM, Apicella MA. Neisseria gonorrhoeae (Gonorrhea). Mu: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, olemba., Eds. Mandell, Douglas, ndi Mfundo za Bennett ndi Kuchita kwa Matenda Opatsirana, Kusinthidwa. 8th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2015: mutu 214.

Tsamba la US Preventive Services Task Force. Ndemanga yomaliza: chlamydia ndi gonorrhea: kuwunika. www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/Page/Document/RecommendationStatementFinal/chlamydia-and-gonorrhea-screening. Idasinthidwa mu Seputembara 2014. Idapezeka pa Epulo 29, 2019.

Ntchito Yogwirira Ntchito KA, Bolan GA; Zomwe Zimayambitsa Kuletsa Matenda ndi Kuteteza Matenda (CDC). Malangizo opatsirana pogonana, 2015. Malangizo a MMWR Rep. 2015; 64 (RR-03): 1-137. PMID: 26042815 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26042815. (Adasankhidwa)