Kulemera kwa Neonatal kunenepa ndi zakudya

Ana obadwa masiku asanakwane amafunika kulandira zakudya zabwino kuti akule mofanana kwambiri ndi ana omwe adakali m'mimba.

Ana obadwa osakwana milungu 37 ali ndi pakati (asanakwane) amakhala ndi zosowa zosiyanasiyana kuposa ana obadwa atakwanitsa nthawi (patatha milungu 38).

Ana obadwa masiku asanakwane nthawi zambiri amakhala mchipinda cha ana osamalidwa bwino (NICU). Amayang'aniridwa mosamala kuti atsimikizire kuti akupeza bwino madzi ndi zakudya.

Zoutamira kapena zotenthetsera zapadera zimathandiza makanda kutentha kwa thupi. Izi zimachepetsa mphamvu zomwe ana amagwiritsa ntchito kuti azitha kutentha. Mpweya wouma umagwiritsidwanso ntchito kuwathandiza kutentha kwa thupi ndikupewa kutayika kwa madzi.

NKHANI ZOPHUNZITSA

Ana obadwa asanakwane masabata 34 mpaka 37 nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mavuto akudya kuchokera mu botolo kapena m'mawere. Izi ndichifukwa choti sanakhwime mokwanira kuti athe kuyanjanitsa oyamwa, kupuma, ndi kumeza.

Matenda ena amathanso kusokoneza kutha kwa mwana wakhanda kudyetsa pakamwa. Zina mwa izi ndi izi:

• Mavuto opumira
• Magulu otsika a oxygen
• Mavuto oyenda
• Matenda a magazi

Makanda obadwa kumene omwe ali ocheperako kapena odwala angafunike kupeza chakudya ndi madzi kudzera mumtsempha (IV).

Akamakula, amatha kutenga mkaka kapena chilinganizo kudzera mu chubu chomwe chimalowa m'mimba kudzera pamphuno kapena mkamwa. Izi zimatchedwa kudya gavage. Kuchuluka kwa mkaka kapena mkaka waung'ono kumawonjezeka pang'onopang'ono, makamaka kwa ana asanakwane. Izi zimachepetsa chiopsezo cha matenda am'matumbo otchedwa necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Ana omwe amamwetsedwa mkaka waumunthu sangapeze NEC.

Ana omwe samachedwa msinkhu (obadwa patatha milungu 34 mpaka 37 ali ndi pakati) nthawi zambiri amatha kudyetsedwa kuchokera mu botolo kapena m'mawere a mayi. Ana asanakwane amakhala ndi nthawi yosavuta yoyamwitsa kuposa kudyetsa mabotolo poyamba. Izi ndichifukwa choti kutuluka kwa botolo kumakhala kovuta kwa iwo kuwongolera ndipo amatha kutsamwa kapena kusiya kupuma. Komabe, amathanso kukhala ndi mavuto okhala ndi kuyamwa koyenera pachifuwa kuti apeze mkaka wokwanira kukwaniritsa zosowa zawo. Pachifukwa ichi, ngakhale ana okalamba asanakwane angafunike kudyetsedwa kwa gavage nthawi zina.

ZOFUNIKA ZA CHAKUDYA

Ana asanabadwe amakhala ndi nthawi yovuta kuti azikhala ndi madzi abwino mthupi mwawo. Ana awa amatha kukhala opanda madzi kapena owonjezera madzi. Izi ndizowona makamaka kwa makanda asanakwane.

• Makanda akhanda msanga amatha kutaya madzi ochulukirapo kudzera pakhungu kapena njira yopumira kuposa ana obadwa nthawi yathunthu.
• Impso za mwana wobadwa msanga sizinakule mokwanira kuti zizitha kuyendetsa madzi mthupi.
• Gulu la NICU limayang'anira kuchuluka kwa ana asanakwane amakodza (poyesa matewera awo) kuti awonetsetse kuti kutulutsa kwawo kwamadzimadzi ndi mkodzo kuli koyenera.
• Kuyezetsa magazi kumachitidwanso kuti muwone kuchuluka kwa ma electrolyte.

Mkaka waumunthu wochokera kwa mayi wa mwanayo ndiye wabwino kwambiri kwa ana obadwa msanga komanso obadwa ochepa.

• Mkaka waumunthu umatha kuteteza ana kumatenda opatsirana komanso matenda obadwa mwadzidzidzi a ana (SIDS) komanso NEC.
• Ma NICU ambiri amapereka mkaka wopereka kuchokera ku banki ya mkaka kwa ana omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu omwe sangapeze mkaka wokwanira kuchokera kwa amayi awo.
• Mitundu yapadera yam'mbuyomu itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito. Mitunduyi imakhala ndi calcium ndi mapuloteni owonjezera kuti akwaniritse zosowa zapadera za makanda asanakwane.
• Makanda achikulire omwe ali ndi zaka zoyambirira (milungu 34 mpaka 36 ali ndi pakati) amatha kusinthidwa kukhala njira yokhazikika kapena njira yosinthira.

Ana obadwa masiku asanakwane m'mimba nthawi yayitali kuti asunge zakudya zomwe amafunikira ndipo nthawi zambiri amayenera kumwa zowonjezera.

• Ana omwe amapatsidwa mkaka wa m'mawere angafunike chowonjezera chomwe chimatchedwa chotetezera mkaka waumunthu chosakanikirana ndi kudyetsa kwawo. Izi zimawapatsa mapuloteni owonjezera, ma calories, chitsulo, calcium, ndi mavitamini. Ana odyetsa mkaka angafunike kumwa zakumwa zina, kuphatikizapo mavitamini A, C, ndi D, ndi folic acid.
• Ana ena amafunikira kupitiliza kumwa zowonjezera zowonjezera atachoka kuchipatala. Kwa ana oyamwitsa, izi zitha kutanthauza botolo kapena mkaka wa m'mawere wolimba tsiku lililonse komanso chitsulo ndi mavitamini D owonjezera. Ana ena adzafunika zowonjezera zowonjezera kuposa ena. Izi zingaphatikizepo ana omwe sangathe kumwa mkaka wokwanira kudzera mukuyamwitsa kuti apeze ma calories omwe amafunikira kuti akule bwino.
• Akamaliza kudyetsa, ana ayenera kuoneka okhuta. Ayenera kukhala ndi chakudya chokwanira 8 mpaka 10 komanso matewera osachepera 6 mpaka 8 tsiku lililonse. Manyowa amadzi kapena amwazi kapena kusanza nthawi zonse kumatha kuwonetsa vuto.

KULEMERETSA KWETE

Kunenepa kumayang'aniridwa mosamala kwa ana onse. Makanda akhanda msanga omwe akuchedwa kukula amawoneka kuti achedwetsa kukula kwamaphunziro a kafukufuku.

• Mu NICU, makanda amalemedwa tsiku lililonse.
• Sizachilendo kuti makanda azichepetsa thupi m'masiku ochepa oyamba a moyo wawo. Zambiri zotayika ndizolemera madzi.
• Ana ambiri asanakwane ayenera kuyamba kunenepa patangodutsa masiku ochepa kuchokera pamene anabadwa.

Kulemera kofunidwa kumadalira kukula kwa mwana ndi msinkhu wobereka. Ana odwala ayenera kupatsidwa ma calorie ambiri kuti akule pamlingo woyenera.

• Zitha kukhala zochepa ngati magalamu 5 patsiku kwa mwana wakhanda pakatha milungu 24, kapena magalamu 20 mpaka 30 patsiku kwa mwana wokulirapo pamasabata 33 kapena kupitilira apo.
• Mwambiri, mwana amayenera kupeza pafupifupi kotala la magalamu 30 tsiku lililonse pa kilogalamu iliyonse (1/2 kilogalamu) yomwe amayeza. (Izi ndizofanana ndi magalamu 15 pa kilogalamu patsiku. Ndi mulingo wapakati momwe mwana wosabadwayo amakulira m'zaka zitatu zachitatu).

Ana obadwa masiku asanakwane samachoka kuchipatala kufikira atayamba kunenepa mokhazikika komanso modyera m'malo mopanda chofungatira. Zipatala zina zimakhala ndi lamulo loti mwanayo ayenera kulemera asanapite kunyumba, koma izi zikuyamba kuchepa. Mwambiri, makanda amakhala osachepera mapaundi 4 (2 kilogalamu) asanakonzekere kutuluka pachofungatira.

Zakudya zatsopano; Zosowa pazakudya - makanda asanakwane

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