Mphete ya mitsempha

Mphete yamitsempha ndikapangidwe kachilendo ka aorta, mtsempha waukulu womwe umanyamula magazi kuchokera pamtima kupita ku thupi lonse. Ndi vuto lobadwa nalo, kutanthauza kuti limakhalapo pakubadwa.

Mphete ya mitsempha ndiyosowa. Imakhala yochepera 1% yamavuto onse obadwa nawo amtima. Vutoli limachitika nthawi zambiri mwa amuna ndi akazi. Ana ena omwe ali ndi mphete yamitsempha amakhalanso ndi vuto lina lobadwa nalo la mtima.

Mphete yamitsempha imachitika molawirira kwambiri mwana akamakula m'mimba. Nthawi zambiri, minyewa imayamba kuchokera pachimodzi chamatumba. Thupi limaphwanya mabowo ena otsala, pomwe ena amakhala mitsempha. Mitsempha ina yomwe imayenera kuwonongeka siyichita, yomwe imapanga mphete ya mitsempha.

Ndi mphete yamitsempha, mabala ena ndi zotengera zomwe zimayenera kusintha kukhala mitsempha kapena kuzimiririka zimakhalapo mwana akabadwa. Mitsempha iyi imapanga mphete yamitsempha yamagazi, yomwe imazungulira ndikutsikira pamphepo (trachea) ndi kummero.

Pali mitundu ingapo yama mphete ya mitsempha. Mu mitundu ina, mphete yamitsempha imangoyenda pang'ono ndi trachea ndi kholingo, komabe imatha kuyambitsa zizindikilo.

Ana ena omwe ali ndi mphete yamitsempha samakhala ndi zizindikilo. Komabe, nthawi zambiri, zizindikiro zimawoneka adakali akhanda. Kupanikizika kwa chopukusira (trachea) ndi kum'mero ​​kumatha kubweretsa mavuto kupuma ndi kugaya chakudya. Mphete ikamapanikizika, zizindikilozo zimakhala zowopsa kwambiri.

Mavuto opumira atha kukhala:

• Chifuwa chachikulu
• Kupuma mokweza (stridor)
• Chibayo chobwereza kapena matenda opumira
• Mavuto a kupuma
• Kutentha

Kudya kumatha kukulitsa zizindikilo zakupuma.

Zizindikiro za m'mimba ndizochepa, koma zimatha kuphatikiza:

• Kutsamwa
• Zovuta kudya zakudya zolimba
• Kuvuta kumeza (dysphagia)
• Reflux wam'mimba (GERD)
• Kudyetsa bere kapena botolo pang'onopang'ono
• Kusanza

Wothandizira zaumoyo amvera kupuma kwa mwana kuti athetse zovuta zina monga kupuma. Kumvetsera mtima wa mwanayo kudzera mu stethoscope kungathandize kuzindikira kung'ung'udza ndi mavuto ena amtima.

Mayeso otsatirawa atha kuthandizira kuzindikira mphete yamitsempha:

• X-ray pachifuwa
• Kuwerengera kwa mtima wa mitsempha ndi mitsempha yayikulu yamagazi
• Kamera pansi pakhosi kuti muwone momwe ndege ikuyendera (bronchoscopy)
• Kujambula kwamaginito (MRI) kwamtima ndi mitsempha yayikulu yamagazi
• Kuyesa kwa Ultrasound (echocardiogram) yamtima
• X-ray ya mitsempha (angiography)
• X-ray ya pakhosi pogwiritsa ntchito utoto wapadera kuti awunikire bwino malowa (esophagram kapena barium swallow)

Opaleshoni nthawi zambiri imachitika mwachangu kwa ana omwe ali ndi zizindikilo. Cholinga cha opareshoni ndikugawana mphete yamitsempha ndikuchepetsa kupsinjika kwa zinthu zozungulira. Njirayi imachitika kudzera pachidutswa chaching'ono chakumanzere pakati pa nthiti.

Kusintha kadyedwe ka mwana kumatha kuthandizira kuthetsa nkhawa m'mimba ya mphete yamitsempha. Woperekayo adzaperekanso mankhwala (monga maantibayotiki) othandizira matenda am'mapapo ngati angachitike.

Ana omwe alibe zizindikiro mwina sangasowe chithandizo koma ayenera kuwayang'anitsitsa kuti atsimikizire kuti matendawa sakuipiraipira.

Momwe khanda limakhalira bwino zimadalira kuchuluka kwa mphete yomwe imayika pammero ndi trachea komanso momwe mwanayo amapezidwira ndi kuthandizira mwachangu.

Opaleshoni imagwira ntchito bwino nthawi zambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri imathandizira matenda nthawi yomweyo. Mavuto opumira kwambiri atha kutenga miyezi kuti achoke. Ana ena amatha kupuma mokweza, makamaka akakhala otakataka kapena matenda opuma.

Kuchedwetsa opaleshoni pazovuta kwambiri kumatha kubweretsa zovuta zazikulu, monga kuwonongeka kwa trachea ndi kufa.

Itanani omwe akukuthandizani ngati mwana wanu ali ndi zizindikiro za mphete yamitsempha. Kupezeka ndi kuthandizidwa mwachangu kumatha kupewa zovuta zazikulu.

Palibe njira yodziwika yopewera vutoli.

Chipilala cha aortic choyenera chokhala ndi aberrant subclavia ndikumanzere kwa ligamentum arteriosus; Kobadwa nako mtima chilema - mtima mphete; Mtima wopunduka - mphete ya mtima

• Mphete ya mitsempha

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Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM. Matenda ena obadwa nawo a mitima ndi mitima. Mu: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, olemba. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. Wolemba 21. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 459.

Webb GD, Smallhorn JF, Therrien J, Redington AN. Matenda obadwa nawo mumtima mwa wamkulu komanso wodwala. Mu: Zipes DP, Libby P, Bonow RO, Mann DL, Tomaselli GF, Braunwald E, olemba. Matenda a Mtima a Braunwald: Buku Lophunzitsira la Mankhwala Amtima. 11th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: mutu 75.