Chithandizo chobwezeretsa chikonga

Chithandizo chobwezeretsa chikonga ndi chithandizo chothandizira anthu kusiya kusuta. Imagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zomwe zimapereka mankhwala ochepa a chikonga. Izi sizikhala ndi poizoni wambiri yemwe amapezeka mu utsi. Cholinga cha mankhwalawa ndikuchepetsa zilakolako za chikonga ndikuchepetsa zizindikiritso zakusuta.

Musanayambe kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osintha chikonga, Nazi zinthu zofunika kudziwa:

• Ndudu zambiri zomwe mumasuta, ndizofunika kwambiri kuti muyambe kumwa.
• Kuphatikiza pulogalamu yolangizira kudzakuthandizani kuti musiye.
• Osasuta mukamagwiritsa ntchito cholowa m'malo mwa chikonga. Zitha kuyambitsa chikonga kukulira mpaka poizoni.
• Kusintha kwa chikonga kumathandiza kupewa kunenepa mukamagwiritsa ntchito. Muthanso kulemera mukasiya kugwiritsa ntchito chikonga.
• Mlingo wa chikonga uyenera kuchepetsedwa pang'onopang'ono.

MITUNDU YA CHithandizo CHA NICOTINE

Zowonjezera za chikonga zimabwera m'njira zosiyanasiyana:

• Chingamu
• Opumira
• Zolemba
• Kutulutsa m'mphuno
• Chikopa cha khungu

Zonsezi zimagwira bwino ngati zagwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera. Anthu amatha kugwiritsa ntchito chingamu ndi zigamba moyenera kuposa mitundu ina.

Chigamba cha chikonga

Mutha kugula zigamba za chikonga popanda mankhwala. Kapena, mutha kukhala kuti wothandizira zaumoyo wanu akupatseni chigamba.

Zigamba zonse za chikonga zimayikidwa ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito chimodzimodzi:

• Chigamba chimodzi chimabedwa tsiku lililonse. Imasinthidwa pambuyo pa maola 24.
• Ikani chigamba m'malo osiyanasiyana m'chiuno ndi pansi pakhosi tsiku lililonse.
• Ikani chigamba pamalo opanda ubweya.
• Anthu omwe amavala zigamba kwa maola 24 sakhala ndi zizindikilo zochepa zochoka.
• Ngati kuvala chigamba usiku kumabweretsa maloto osamvetseka, yesetsani kugona opanda chigamba.
• Anthu omwe amasuta ndudu zosakwana 10 patsiku kapena omwe amalemera makilogalamu ochepera 99 (makilogalamu 45) ayenera kuyamba ndi chigamba chochepa (mwachitsanzo, 14 mg).

Chinotini chingamu kapena lozenge

Mutha kugula chingamu chingamu kapena lozenges popanda mankhwala. Anthu ena amakonda lozenges kuposa chigamba, chifukwa amatha kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa chikonga.

Malangizo ogwiritsira ntchito chingamu:

• Tsatirani malangizo omwe amabwera ndi phukusi.
• Ngati mukungoyamba kusiya, fufuzani zidutswa 1 mpaka 2 ola lililonse. Osatafuna zidutswa zopitilira 20 patsiku.
• Kutafuna chingamu pang'onopang'ono mpaka chimayamba kukoma. Kenako, sungani pakati pa chingamu ndi tsaya ndipo muzisunge pamenepo. Izi zimapangitsa kuti chikonga chikhale chosakanika.
• Dikirani osachepera mphindi 15 mutamwa khofi, tiyi, zakumwa zozizilitsa kukhosi, ndi zakumwa za asidi musanatafune chingamu.
• Anthu omwe amasuta ndudu 25 kapena kupitilira apo patsiku amakhala ndi zotsatira zabwino ndi mulingo wa 4 mg kuposa 2 mg.
• Cholinga ndikusiya kugwiritsa ntchito chingamu pamasabata 12. Lankhulani ndi dokotala musanagwiritse chingamu kwa nthawi yayitali.

Chikonga inhaler

Chikoka cha inhaler chimawoneka ngati chofukizira ndudu zapulasitiki. Pamafunika mankhwala ku United States.

• Ikani makatiriji a chikonga mu inhaler ndi "kuwomba" kwa mphindi pafupifupi 20. Chitani izi maulendo 16 patsiku.
• Inhaler ikuchita mwachangu. Zimatengera nthawi yofanana ndi chingamu kuti ichitepo kanthu. Imathamanga kuposa maola awiri kapena anayi kuti chigamba chigwire ntchito.
• Inhaler imakwaniritsa zolimbikitsa zam'kamwa.
• Mpweya wambiri wa chikonga sumalowa m mlengalenga mwa mapapo. Anthu ena amakwiya pakamwa kapena kummero komanso chifuwa ndi inhaler.

Ikhoza kuthandizira kugwiritsa ntchito inhaler ndikugwirizira limodzi mukasiya.

Utsi wamkati wamankhwala

Mpweya wa m'mphuno uyenera kulembedwa ndi woperekayo.

Utsiwo umapereka mlingo wachangu wa chikonga kuti ukhutiritse chikhumbo chomwe sungathe kunyalanyaza. Mlingo wa chikonga chimapitilira mphindi 5 mpaka 10 mutagwiritsa ntchito utsiwo.

• Tsatirani malangizo a omwe amakupatsani momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito mankhwalawa. Mukayamba kusiya, mungauzidwe kuti muzimwaza kamodzi kapena kawiri m'mphuno, ola lililonse. Simuyenera kupopera maulendo oposa 80 tsiku limodzi.
• Utsi sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa miyezi yopitilira 6.
• Utsiwo umatha kukwiyitsa mphuno, maso, ndi pakhosi. Zotsatirazi nthawi zambiri zimatha masiku angapo.

ZOTSATIRA ZAKE NDI ZOOPSA ZAKE

Zinthu zonse za chikonga zimatha kuyambitsa zovuta. Zizindikiro zimakhala zotheka mukamagwiritsa ntchito Mlingo waukulu kwambiri. Kuchepetsa mlingowu kumatha kupewa izi. Zotsatira zoyipa zimaphatikizapo:

• Kupweteka mutu
• Nsautso ndi mavuto ena am'mimba
• Mavuto akugona m'masiku ochepa oyamba, nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi chigamba. Vutoli limadutsa.

ZINTHU ZAPADERA

Zigamba za chikonga ndi zabwino kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito ndi anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi vuto la mtima kapena magazi. Koma, kuchuluka kwama cholesterol osafunikira (kutsika kwa HDL) komwe kumayambitsidwa ndi kusuta sikumakhala bwino mpaka chigamba cha chikonga chitaimitsidwa.

Kusintha kwa nikotini sikungakhale kotetezeka konse kwa amayi apakati. Ana osabadwa a azimayi omwe amagwiritsa ntchito chidacho amatha kugunda kwamtima mwachangu.

Sungani zinthu zonse za chikonga kutali ndi ana. Nikotini ndi poizoni.

• Chodetsa nkhaŵa kwambiri kwa ana aang'ono.
• Itanani dokotala kapena malo oletsa poyizoni nthawi yomweyo ngati mwana wapatsidwa mankhwala osintha chikonga, ngakhale kwakanthawi kochepa.

Kusuta fodya - m'malo mwa chikonga; Fodya - mankhwala osinthira chikonga

George TP. Chikonga ndi fodya. Mu: Goldman L, Schafer AI, olemba. Mankhwala a Goldman-Cecil. Wolemba 25. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: mutu 32.

Siu AL; Gulu Lankhondo Loteteza ku US. Njira zopewera kusuta fodya mwa akulu, kuphatikiza amayi apakati: Ndemanga ya US Preventive Services Task Force. Ann Intern Med. 2015; 163 (8): 622-634. (Adasankhidwa) PMID: 26389730 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26389730. (Adasankhidwa)

Tsamba la US Food and Drug Administration. Mukufuna kusiya kusuta? Zinthu zovomerezeka ndi FDA zitha kuthandiza. www.fda.gov/ForConsumers/ConsumerUpdates/ucm198176.htm. Idasinthidwa pa Disembala 11, 2017. Idapezeka pa February 26, 2019.