Sayansi ya sayansi

Ma Neuroscience (kapena matenda amisala) amatanthauza nthambi ya zamankhwala yomwe imayang'ana dongosolo lamanjenje. Dongosolo lamanjenje limapangidwa ndi magawo awiri:

• Mitsempha yapakati (CNS) imakhala ndi ubongo wanu ndi msana.
• Dongosolo lamanjenje lamkati limakhala ndi mitsempha yanu yonse, kuphatikiza dongosolo lodziyimira palokha, kunja kwa ubongo ndi msana, kuphatikiza omwe ali m'manja, miyendo, ndi thunthu lanu.

Pamodzi, ubongo wanu ndi msana wanu ndizomwe zimayang'anira "dongosolo lonse" lamanjenje, ndikuwongolera ntchito zonse za thupi lanu.

Matenda osiyanasiyana amatha kukhudza dongosolo lamanjenje, kuphatikizapo:

• Kusokonezeka kwa zotengera zamagazi muubongo, kuphatikiza kupindika kwamitsempha yamitsempha ndi ziwalo zamaubongo
• Zotupa, zabwino komanso zoyipa (khansa)
• Matenda opatsirana, kuphatikizapo matenda a Alzheimer ndi matenda a Parkinson
• Matenda amtundu wa pituitary
• Khunyu
• Kupweteka mutu, kuphatikizapo migraines
• Kuvulala kumutu monga zopindika komanso kupsinjika kwa ubongo
• Mavuto oyenda, monga kunjenjemera ndi matenda a Parkinson
• Kutulutsa matenda monga multiple sclerosis
• Matenda a Neuro-ophthalmologic, omwe ndi mavuto amawonedwe omwe amadza chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha ya optic kapena kulumikizana kwake ndi ubongo
• Matenda amitsempha (neuropathy), omwe amakhudza mitsempha yomwe imanyamula zidziwitso kupita komanso kuchokera kuubongo ndi msana
• Matenda amisala, monga schizophrenia
• Matenda a msana
• Matenda, monga meninjaitisi
• Sitiroko

KUFUFUZA NDI KUYESEDWA

Akatswiri a sayansi ya ubongo ndi akatswiri ena a sayansi ya ubongo amagwiritsa ntchito mayesero apadera ndi njira zojambula kuti awone momwe mitsempha ndi ubongo zimagwirira ntchito.

Kuphatikiza pa kuyesa magazi ndi mkodzo, mayeso omwe adachitika kuti apeze matenda amanjenje amatha:

• Kujambula tomography (CT scan)
• Lumbar puncture (tap tap) kuti muwone ngati matenda a msana ndi ubongo, kapena kuyeza kukakamizidwa kwa cerebro-spinal fluid (CSF)
• Kujambula kwa maginito (MRI) kapena maginito amagetsi (MRA)
• Electroencephalography (EEG) kuti muwone zochitika zaubongo
• Electromyography (EMG) yoyesa kugwira ntchito kwa mitsempha ndi minofu
• Electronystagmography (ENG) kuti ayang'ane mayendedwe achilendo, omwe atha kukhala chizindikiro cha vuto laubongo
• Kutulutsa kuthekera (kapena kuyankha), komwe kumayang'ana momwe ubongo umayankhira pakumva, kuwona, ndikukhudza
• Magnetoencephalography (MEG)
• Myelogram ya msana kuti mupeze kuvulala kwamitsempha
• Mayeso a conduction velocity (NCV)
• Kuyesa kwa Neurocognitive (kuyesa kwa neuropsychological)
• Polysomnogram kuti muwone momwe ubongo umachitikira mukamagona
• Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) ndi positron emission tomography (PET) jambulani kuti muwone zochitika zamaubongo zamaubongo
• Chidziwitso cha ubongo, mitsempha, khungu, kapena minofu kuti mudziwe ngati pali vuto ndi dongosolo lamanjenje

CHITHANDIZO

Neuroradiology ndi nthambi ya mankhwala a neuroscience omwe amayang'ana kwambiri pakuwunika ndikuchiza mavuto amanjenje.

Njira yothetsera matenda a ubongo imaphatikizapo kuyika timachubu tating'onoting'ono, tosinthasintha tomwe timatchedwa catheters m'mitsempha yamagazi yopita kuubongo. Izi zimalola adotolo kuchiza matenda amitsuko yamagazi omwe angakhudze dongosolo lamanjenje, monga sitiroko.

Mankhwala othandizira ma neuroradiology ndi awa:

• Balloon angioplasty ndi stenting ya carotid kapena vertebral artery
• Mapangidwe am'mitsempha am'mitsempha komanso okutira pochizira matenda am'magazi
• Mankhwala opatsirana pogonana
• Ocology ya radiation ya ubongo ndi msana
• Zosakaniza zamagulu, msana ndi zofewa
• Kyphoplasty ndi vertebroplasty yochizira mafupa obowoka

Kutsegula maopareshoni kapena achikhalidwe kungafunike nthawi zina kuthana ndi mavuto muubongo ndi zomuzungulira. Uku ndiko kuchitidwa opaleshoni kovuta kwambiri komwe kumafuna kuti dokotalayo atsegule, wotchedwa craniotomy, mu chigaza.

Microsurgery imalola dokotalayo kugwira ntchito pazinthu zazing'ono kwambiri muubongo pogwiritsa ntchito microscope ndi zida zazing'ono kwambiri.

Stereotactic radiosurgery itha kukhala yofunikira pamitundu ina yamatenda amanjenje. Imeneyi ndi njira yothandizira poizoniyu yomwe imayang'ana kwambiri ma x-ray pamalo ochepa a thupi, potero amapewa kuwonongeka kwa minofu yaubongo.

Chithandizo cha matenda kapena zovuta zokhudzana ndi dongosolo la mitsempha zitha kuphatikizaponso:

• Mankhwala, omwe mwina amaperekedwa ndi mapampu a mankhwala (monga omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa anthu omwe ali ndi mitsempha yayikulu)
• Kukondoweza kwa ubongo
• Kukondoweza kwa msana
• Kukonzanso / mankhwala atavulala ubongo kapena sitiroko
• Opaleshoni ya msana

AMENE AKUKHUDZidwa

Gulu lazachipatala la neurosciences nthawi zambiri limapangidwa ndi othandizira azaumoyo ochokera kuzambiri zosiyanasiyana. Izi zingaphatikizepo:

• Neurologist - dokotala yemwe walandila maphunziro owonjezera othandizira matenda amisala ndi ubongo
• Opaleshoni ya mitsempha - dokotala yemwe walandila maphunziro owonjezera pakuthandizira opaleshoni yamitsempha yamagazi
• Neurosurgeon - dokotala yemwe walandila maphunziro owonjezera muubongo ndi msana
• Neuropsychologist - dokotala wophunzitsidwa bwino kutanthauzira ndi kutanthauzira mayesero azidziwitso zamaubongo
• Dokotala wowawa - dokotala yemwe adaphunzitsidwa kuthana ndi zowawa zovuta ndi njira ndi mankhwala
• Psychiatrist - dokotala yemwe amachiza matenda amisala yamaubongo ndimankhwala osokoneza bongo
• Katswiri wazamisala - dokotala yemwe amathandizira machitidwe amisala ndi malingaliro olankhula
• Radiologist - dokotala yemwe adalandira maphunziro owonjezera omasulira zithunzi zamankhwala komanso pochita njira zosiyanasiyana pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wazolingalira makamaka wothana ndi zovuta zamaubongo ndi zamanjenje
• Neuroscientist - munthu amene amachita kafukufuku wamanjenje
• Ogwira ntchito namwino (NPs)
• Othandizira asing'anga (PAs)
• Akatswiri azakudya kapena odyetsa
• Madokotala oyang'anira pulayimale
• Othandizira athupi, omwe amathandizira kuyenda, kulimbitsa thupi, kusinthasintha, komanso kusinthasintha
• Othandizira pantchito, omwe amathandiza kuti anthu azigwira ntchito bwino kunyumba komanso kuntchito
• Othandizira olankhula chilankhulo, omwe amathandiza pakulankhula, chilankhulo, komanso kumvetsetsa

Mndandanda uwu suli wophatikizapo.

Daroff RB, Jankovic J, Mazziotta JC, Pomeroy SL. Kuzindikira matenda amitsempha. Mu: Daroff RB, Jankovic J, Mazziotta JC, Pomeroy SL, olemba. Neurology ya Bradley mu Kuchita Zachipatala. Wachisanu ndi chiwiri. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: chap 1.

Daroff RB, Jankovic J, Mazziotta JC, Pomeroy SL. Kufufuza kwa Laborator pakuzindikira ndikuwongolera matenda amitsempha. Mu: Daroff RB, Jankovic J, Mazziotta JC, Pomeroy SL, olemba. Neurology ya Bradley mu Kuchita Zachipatala. Wachisanu ndi chiwiri. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: chap 33.

Daroff RB, Jankovic J, Mazziotta JC, Pomeroy SL. Kusamalira matenda amitsempha. Mu: Daroff RB, Jankovic J, Mazziotta JC, Pomeroy SK, olemba. Neurology ya Bradley mu Kuchita Zachipatala. Wachisanu ndi chiwiri. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: chap 53.

Otsuka D, Augustine GJ, Fitzpatrick D, et al. Kuwerenga dongosolo lamanjenje. Mu: Purves D, Augustine GJ, Fitzpatrick D, et al, olemba. Sayansi. Lachisanu ndi chimodzi. New York, NY: Oxford University Press; 2017; mutu 1.