Dysarthria

Dysarthria ndi vuto lomwe mumavutika kunena mawu chifukwa cha zovuta zaminyewa zomwe zimakuthandizani kuyankhula.

Mwa munthu yemwe ali ndi dysarthria, matenda amitsempha, ubongo, kapena minofu zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kugwiritsa ntchito kapena kuwongolera minofu pakamwa, lilime, kholingo, kapena zingwe zamawu.

Minofu ikhoza kukhala yofooka kapena yopuwaliratu. Kapena, zingakhale zovuta kuti minofu igwire ntchito limodzi.

Dysarthria itha kukhala chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa ubongo chifukwa cha:

• Kuvulala kwa ubongo
• Chotupa chaubongo
• Kusokonezeka maganizo
• Matenda omwe amachititsa kuti ubongo uwonongeke (matenda opatsirana a ubongo)
• Multiple sclerosis
• Matenda a Parkinson
• Sitiroko

Dysarthria imatha chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha yomwe imapereka minofu yomwe imakuthandizani kuyankhula, kapena minofu yomwe imachokera ku:

• Kupsyinjika nkhope kapena khosi
• Kuchita opaleshoni ya khansa yamutu ndi khosi, monga kuchotsa pang'ono kapena kwathunthu lilime kapena mawu

Dysarthria imatha chifukwa cha matenda omwe amakhudza mitsempha ndi minofu (matenda amitsempha):

• Cerebral palsy
• Kusokonekera kwa minofu
• Myasthenia gravis
• Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), kapena matenda a Lou Gehrig

Zina mwazinthu zitha kuphatikiza:

• Kuledzera
• Mano ovekera bwino
• Zotsatira zoyipa za mankhwala omwe amagwira ntchito pakatikati mwa mitsempha, monga mankhwala osokoneza bongo, phenytoin, kapena carbamazepine

Kutengera zomwe zimayambitsa, dysarthria imatha kukula pang'onopang'ono kapena kuchitika mwadzidzidzi.

Anthu omwe ali ndi dysarthria amavutika kupanga mawu kapena mawu ena.

Zolankhula zawo sizimatchulidwa bwino (monga kusefukira), komanso mayendedwe kapena liwiro la mayankhulidwe awo limasintha. Zizindikiro zina ndizo:

• Zikumveka ngati zikung'ung'udza
• Kuyankhula mofewa kapena monong'ona
• Kulankhula ndi mawu amphongo kapena opinimbira, okweza, opanikizika, kapena opumira

Munthu amene ali ndi dysarthria amathanso kumira ndipo amavutika kutafuna kapena kumeza. Kungakhale kovuta kusuntha milomo, lilime, kapena nsagwada.

Wothandizira zaumoyo atenga mbiri ya zamankhwala ndikuwunika. Achibale ndi abwenzi angafunikire kuthandizira pazakale zamankhwala.

Njira yotchedwa laryngoscopy itha kuchitika. Munjira imeneyi, mawonekedwe owonera osasunthika amaikidwa pakamwa ndi pakhosi kuti muwone bokosi lamawu.

Mayeso omwe angachitike ngati vuto la dysarthria silikudziwika ndi awa:

• Kuyezetsa magazi kwa poizoni kapena mavitamini
• Kujambula mayeso, monga MRI kapena CT scan yaubongo kapena khosi
• Kafukufuku wamitsempha yamagetsi ndi electromyogram yowunikira momwe magetsi amagwirira ntchito yamitsempha kapena minofu
• Kumeza kuphunzira, komwe kungaphatikizepo ma x-ray ndikumwa madzi apadera

Mungafunike kutumizidwa kwa odziwa kulankhula ndi azilankhulo kuti mukayesedwe ndi kulandira chithandizo. Maluso apadera omwe mungaphunzire ndi awa:

• Njira zotafuna kapena kumeza bwinobwino, ngati zingafunike
• Kupewa kukambirana mukatopa
• Kubwereza mawu mobwerezabwereza kuti muthe kuphunzira kuyenda pakamwa
• Kuti mulankhule pang'onopang'ono, gwiritsani ntchito mawu okweza, ndikuyimilira kuti muwonetsetse kuti ena akumvetsetsa
• Zoyenera kuchita mukakhumudwa mukamayankhula

Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito zida kapena maluso osiyanasiyana kuthandiza pakulankhula, monga:

• Mapulogalamu omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zithunzi kapena zolankhula
• Makompyuta kapena mafoni kuti alembe mawu
• Flip makadi ndi mawu kapena zizindikiro

Opaleshoni imatha kuthandiza anthu omwe ali ndi dysarthria.

Zomwe mabanja ndi abwenzi angachite kuti athe kulankhulana bwino ndi munthu yemwe ali ndi dysarthria ndi awa:

• Zimitsani wailesi kapena TV.
• Pitani kuchipinda chokhazikika ngati pakufunika kutero.
• Onetsetsani kuti kuyatsa mchipinda ndikwabwino.
• Khalani pafupi kuti inu ndi munthu amene muli ndi dysarthria mutha kugwiritsa ntchito zowonera.
• Yang'anani maso ndi maso.

Mverani mosamala ndikulola munthu kumaliza. Khazikani mtima pansi. Yang'anani nawo pamaso musanalankhule. Perekani ndemanga zabwino pakuchita kwawo.

Kutengera zomwe zimayambitsa dysarthria, zizindikilo zimatha kusintha, kukhalabe momwemo, kapena kuwonjezeka pang'onopang'ono kapena mwachangu.

• Anthu omwe ali ndi ALS pamapeto pake amalephera kulankhula.
• Anthu ena omwe ali ndi matenda a Parkinson kapena multiple sclerosis satha kuyankhula.
• Dysarthria yoyambitsidwa ndi mankhwala kapena mano ovekera osasinthika amatha kusinthidwa.
• Dysarthria yoyambitsidwa ndi sitiroko kapena kuvulala kwaubongo sikungowonjezereka, ndipo itha kusintha.
• Dysarthria itatha opaleshoni yamalirime kapena bokosi lamawu sayenera kukulirakulira, ndipo itha kusintha ndi mankhwala.

Itanani omwe akukuthandizani ngati muli ndi:

• Kupweteka pachifuwa, kuzizira, kutentha thupi, kupuma movutikira, kapena zizindikiro zina za chibayo
• Kutsokomola kapena kutsamwa
• Zovuta kuyankhula kapena kulumikizana ndi anthu ena
• Kumva chisoni kapena kukhumudwa

Kuwonongeka kwa mawu; Slurred kulankhula; Matenda olankhula - dysarthria

Ambrosi D, Lee YT. Kukhazikika kwa zovuta kumeza. Mu: Cifu DX, mkonzi. Mankhwala a Braddom Physical and Rehabilitation. Lachisanu ndi chimodzi. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021: chaputala 3.

Kirshner HS. Dysarthria ndi apraxia oyankhula. Mu: Daroff RB, Jankovic J, Mazziotta JC, Pomeroy SL, olemba. Neurology ya Bradley mu Kuchita Zachipatala. Wachisanu ndi chiwiri. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: chap 14.