Kuyeza ndi kudziwa ngati ali ndi HIV

Mwambiri, kuyesa kachilombo ka HIV ndi njira yachiwiri yomwe imakhudza kuyesa ndikutsatira.

Kuyezetsa magazi kumatha kuchitika ndi:

• Kutulutsa magazi kuchokera pamitsempha
• Chitsanzo chaching'ono chamagazi
• Kutsekemera kwamadzimadzi
• Chitsanzo cha mkodzo

KUYESA KWAMBIRI

Izi ndi mayeso omwe amayang'ana ngati muli ndi kachilombo ka HIV. Mayeso ofala kwambiri afotokozedwa pansipa.

Kuyezetsa magazi (komwe kumatchedwanso immunoassay) kumafufuza ngati ali ndi kachirombo ka HIV. Wothandizira zaumoyo wanu akhoza kuyitanitsa mayeso kuti mukachite ku labu. Kapena, mwina mwachita izi pamalo oyesera kapena mugwiritse ntchito zida zapakhomo. Kuyesaku kumatha kuzindikira ma antibodies kuyambira milungu ingapo mutadwala ndi kachilomboka. Mayeso a antibody atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito:

• Magazi - Kuyesaku kumachitika ndikutulutsa magazi kuchokera mumtsempha, kapena pobaya chala. Kuyezetsa magazi ndikolondola kwambiri chifukwa magazi amakhala ndi ma antibodies apamwamba kuposa madzi ena amthupi.
• Pakamwa pakamwa - Kuyesaku kumayang'ana ma antibodies m'maselo am'kamwa. Zimatheka posinthana nkhama ndi masaya mkati. Kuyezetsa kumeneku sikolondola kwenikweni kuposa kuyezetsa magazi.
• Mkodzo - Mayesowa amafufuza ma antibodies mumkodzo. Kuyesaku kulinso kosakwanira kuposa kuyezetsa magazi.

Kuyezetsa magazi kumafufuza magazi anu ngati mulibe kachilombo ka HIV, kotchedwa p24. Mukayamba kachilombo ka HIV, komanso thupi lanu lisanakhale ndi mwayi wopanga ma antibodies ku kachilomboka, magazi anu amakhala ndi p24 yambiri. Kuyezetsa kwa p24 antigen kumakhala kolondola masiku 11 mpaka mwezi umodzi mutalandira kachilomboka. Mayesowa sagwiritsidwa ntchito paokha kuti aone ngati ali ndi kachirombo ka HIV.

Kuyezetsa magazi kwa anti-antigen kumawunika kuchuluka kwa ma antibodies a HIV komanso p24 antigen. Kuyezetsa kumatha kuzindikira kachilomboka patangotha ​​masabata atatu mutapatsidwa kachilomboka.

MAYESERO OTSATIRA

Chiyeso chotsatira chimatchedwanso mayeso ovomerezeka. Nthawi zambiri zimachitika mukamayesedwa. Mitundu ingapo ya mayeso angagwiritsidwe ntchito:

• Dziwani za kachilomboka palokha
• Pezani ma antibodies molondola kuposa kuyesa kuyezetsa
• Fotokozani kusiyana pakati pa mitundu iwiri ya kachilombo ka HIV-1 ndi HIV-2

Palibe kukonzekera kofunikira.

Akamamwa magazi, anthu ena amamva kupweteka pang'ono. Ena amangomva kubaya kapena kuluma. Pambuyo pake, pakhoza kukhala kupunduka kapena kuvulala pang'ono. Izi posachedwa zichoka.

Palibe chovuta chilichonse poyesedwa pamlomo kapena mkodzo.

Kuyesera kachilombo ka HIV kumachitika pazifukwa zambiri, kuphatikizapo:

• Anthu ogonana
• Anthu omwe akufuna kuyesedwa
• Anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu (amuna omwe amagonana ndi amuna, omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi omwe amagonana nawo, komanso omwe amagulitsa anzawo)
• Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ena (monga Kaposi sarcoma kapena Pneumocystis jirovecii chibayo)
• Amayi apakati, kuti awathandize kupewa kupititsa kachilomboko kwa mwana

Zotsatira zoyipa zoyipa sizachilendo. Anthu omwe ali ndi kachirombo koyambitsa kachirombo ka HIV akhoza kupeza zotsatira zosayenerera.

Zotsatira zakayezetsa kukayezetsa sizimatsimikizira kuti munthuyo ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV. Kuyesedwa kwina kumafunikira kutsimikizira kachilombo ka HIV.

Zotsatira zosayesa sizikutsutsa kachirombo ka HIV. Pali nthawi, yotchedwa window period, pakati pa kachirombo ka HIV ndi mawonekedwe a anti-HIV. Munthawi imeneyi, ma antibodies ndi antigen sangayesedwe.

Ngati munthu atha kukhala ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a Edzi ndipo ali nthawi yayitali, kuyezetsa magazi sikukutanthauza kuti alibe kachirombo ka HIV. Kuyezetsa magazi kwa HIV ndikofunika.

Ndi kuyezetsa magazi, mitsempha ndi mitsempha imasiyana mosiyanasiyana kuchokera kwa wodwala kupita kwa wina, komanso kuchokera mbali imodzi ya thupi kupita kwina. Kutenga magazi kuchokera kwa anthu ena kumatha kukhala kovuta kuposa ena. Zowopsa zina zomwe zimakoka magazi ndi zochepa, koma mwina ndi izi:

• Kutaya magazi kwambiri
• Kukomoka kapena kumva mopepuka
• Ma punctures angapo kuti mupeze mitsempha
• Hematoma (magazi akuchuluka pansi pa khungu)
• Kutenga (chiopsezo chochepa nthawi iliyonse khungu likasweka)

Palibe zowopsa ndi mayeso amkamwa ndi mkodzo.

Kuyezetsa HIV; Kuyeza kachilombo ka HIV; Kuyezetsa HIV; Chiyeso chotsimikizira HIV

• Kuyezetsa magazi

Bartlett JG, Redfield RR, Pham PA. Kuyesa kwantchito. Mu: Bartlett JG, Redfield RR, Pham PA, olemba., Eds. Bartlett's Medical Management of HIV Infection. Wolemba 17. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press; 2019: mutu 2.

Malo Othandizira Kuteteza ndi Kuteteza tsamba lawebusayiti. Kuyezetsa HIV. www.cdc.gov/hiv/guidelines/testing.html. Idasinthidwa pa Marichi 16, 2018. Idapezeka pa Meyi 23, 2019.

Moyer VA; Gulu Lankhondo Loteteza ku US. Kuunikira kachilombo ka HIV: Ndemanga ya US Preventive Services Task Force. Ann Intern Med. 2013; 159 (1): 51-60. PMID: 23698354 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23698354.