Khunyu mwa ana

Khunyu ndi vuto laubongo momwe munthu amabwereranso kugwa pakapita nthawi.

Kugwidwa ndikusintha kwadzidzidzi pamagetsi ndi zamagetsi muubongo. Kugwidwa kamodzi komwe sikukuchitikanso OSATI khunyu.

Khunyu mwina chifukwa cha matenda kapena kuvulala komwe kumakhudza ubongo. Kapena chomwe chimayambitsa sichingadziwike.

Zomwe zimayambitsa khunyu ndi izi:

• Zovulala muubongo
• Kuwonongeka kapena mabala pambuyo pa matenda aubongo
• Zolepheretsa kubadwa zomwe zimakhudza ubongo
• Kuvulala kwaubongo komwe kumachitika nthawi yobadwa kapena yoyandikira
• Matenda amadzimadzi amabwera pakubadwa (monga phenylketonuria)
• Chotupa cha ubongo cha Benign, nthawi zambiri chimakhala chochepa kwambiri
• Mitsempha yamagazi yachilendo muubongo
• Sitiroko
• Matenda ena omwe amawononga kapena kuwononga minofu yaubongo

Kugwidwa kwa khunyu kumayambira pakati pa zaka 5 ndi 20. Koma kumatha kuchitika msinkhu uliwonse. Pakhoza kukhala mbiri yabanja yokhudza khunyu kapena khunyu.

Khunyu kakang'ono ndikumakomoka kwa mwana chifukwa cha malungo. Nthawi zambiri, kugwidwa modwala sikutanthauza kuti mwanayo ali ndi khunyu.

Zizindikiro zimasiyanasiyana mwana ndi mwana. Ana ena amangoyang'ana. Ena amatha kugwedezeka mwamphamvu ndikutaya tcheru. Kusuntha kapena zizindikilo zakugwidwa zimadalira gawo laubongo lomwe lakhudzidwa.

Wothandizira zaumoyo wa mwana wanu akhoza kukuwuzani zambiri zakukhudzidwa komwe mwana wanu angakhale nako:

• Kulanda (petit mal) kulanda: Kuyang'anitsitsa
• Kulanda kwapadera kwa tonic-clonic (grand mal): Kumaphatikizapo thupi lonse, kuphatikiza aura, minofu yolimba, komanso kusazindikira
• Kulanda pang'ono (kozama): Kungaphatikizepo zizindikiritso zomwe zafotokozedwa pamwambapa, kutengera komwe kulanda kulanda kumayamba

Nthawi zambiri, kulanda kumakhala kofanana ndi komwe kunalipo kale. Ana ena amamva zachilendo asanagwidwe. Zomverera zitha kukhala zong'ung'uza, kununkhiza fungo lomwe kulibe kwenikweni, kumverera mantha kapena kuda nkhawa popanda chifukwa kapena kukhala ndi lingaliro loti déjà vu (kumva kuti china chake chidachitika kale). Izi zimatchedwa aura.

Woperekayo adza:

• Funsani mwatsatanetsatane za mbiri ya zamankhwala komanso banja la mwana wanu
• Funsani za gawo lolanda
• Chitani mayeso a mwana wanu, kuphatikizapo kuyang'ana mwatsatanetsatane ubongo ndi dongosolo lamanjenje

Wothandizira adzayitanitsa EEG (electroencephalogram) kuti iwone momwe magetsi amagwirira ntchito muubongo. Kuyesaku nthawi zambiri kumawonetsa zamagetsi zilizonse muubongo. Nthawi zina, mayeso amawonetsa dera lomwe lili muubongo pomwe khunyu limayambira. Ubongo ukhoza kuwoneka wabwinobwino atagwidwa kapena atagwidwa.

Kuti mupeze khunyu kapena kukonzekera opaleshoni ya khunyu, mwana wanu angafunike:

• Valani chojambulira cha EEG kwa masiku ochepa pa zochitika za tsiku ndi tsiku
• Khalani mchipatala momwe zochitika zaubongo zitha kuwonedwa pamakamera amakanema (kanema EEG)

Wothandizirayo amathanso kuyitanitsa mayeso ena, kuphatikiza:

• Magazi amadzimadzi
• Shuga wamagazi
• Kuwerengera kwathunthu kwa magazi (CBC)
• Ntchito ya impso
• Kuyesa kwa chiwindi
• Lumbar kuboola (tapampopi)
• Kuyesedwa kwa matenda opatsirana

Kujambula kwa mutu wa CT kapena MRI nthawi zambiri kumachitika kuti mupeze chomwe chimayambitsa vutoli muubongo. Nthawi zambiri, kuyesa ubongo kwa PET kumafunika kuthandizira kukonza opareshoni.

Chithandizo cha khunyu chimaphatikizapo:

• Mankhwala
• Zosintha m'moyo
• Opaleshoni

Ngati khunyu la mwana wanu limabwera chifukwa cha chotupa, mitsempha yachilendo, kapena kutuluka magazi muubongo, angafunike opaleshoni.

Mankhwala oteteza khunyu amatchedwa anticonvulsants kapena antiepileptic drug. Izi zitha kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa kugwidwa kwamtsogolo.

• Mankhwalawa amatengedwa pakamwa. Mtundu wamankhwala womwe wapatsidwa umadalira mtundu wa kulanda komwe mwana wanu wagwidwa.
• Mlingowo ungafunike kusintha nthawi ndi nthawi. Wothandizirayo amatha kuyitanitsa kuyezetsa magazi pafupipafupi kuti aone ngati ali ndi zotsatirapo.
• Nthawi zonse onetsetsani kuti mwana wanu amamwa mankhwalawo munthawi yake komanso mogwirizana ndi malangizo. Kusowa mlingo kumatha kupangitsa mwana wanu kugwa. Osayimitsa kapena kusintha mankhwala panokha. Lankhulani ndi wothandizira poyamba.

Mankhwala ambiri a khunyu angakhudze thanzi la mafupa a mwana wanu. Lankhulani ndi omwe amakupatsani mwana wanu ngati mwana wanu amafunikira mavitamini ndi zina zowonjezera.

Khunyu yomwe siyiyendetsedwe bwino mutayesa mankhwala angapo ochepetsa matendawa amatchedwa "khunyu yokhudzana ndi zamankhwala." Poterepa, adotolo amalimbikitsa kuchitidwa opaleshoni kuti:

• Chotsani maselo osazolowereka omwe amayambitsa kugwa.
• Ikani vagal nerve stimulator (VNS). Chida ichi chimafanana ndi chopanga mtima. Zitha kuthandiza kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa kugwidwa.

Ana ena amapatsidwa chakudya chapadera kuti ateteze kugwa. Chodziwika kwambiri ndi zakudya za ketogenic. Zakudya zopanda chakudya, monga zakudya za Atkins, zitha kuthandizanso. Onetsetsani kuti mukambirane zosankhazi ndi omwe amapereka kwa mwana wanu musanayese.

Khunyu nthawi zambiri amakhala matenda a moyo wonse kapena osachiritsika. Nkhani zofunika pakuwongolera ndi izi:

• Kumwa mankhwala
• Kukhala otetezeka, monga kusambira konse wekha, kutsimikizira nyumba yanu ndi zina zotero
• Kusamalira kupsinjika ndi kugona
• Kupewa kumwa mowa mwauchidakwa komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo
• Kupitiliza sukulu
• Kusamalira matenda ena

Kusamalira mayendedwe amoyo kapena zamankhwala kunyumba kumatha kukhala kovuta. Onetsetsani kuti mukuyankhula ndi omwe amakupatsani mwana wanu ngati muli ndi nkhawa.

Kupsinjika kwakukhala wosamalira mwana wodwala khunyu nthawi zambiri kumathandizidwa kulowa nawo gulu lothandizira. M'maguluwa, mamembala amagawana zokumana nazo zomwe zimawachitikira komanso mavuto.

Ana ambiri omwe ali ndi khunyu amakhala moyo wabwinobwino. Mitundu ina ya khunyu yaubwana imatha kapena kusintha msinkhu, nthawi zambiri kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 20 kapena 20. Ngati mwana wanu alibe khunyu kwa zaka zingapo, woperekayo akhoza kuyimitsa mankhwala.

Kwa ana ambiri, khunyu ndimkhalidwe wa moyo wonse. Zikatero, mankhwala akuyenera kupitilizidwa.

Ana omwe ali ndi zovuta zakukula kuphatikiza khunyu amatha kukumana ndi zovuta pamoyo wawo wonse.

Kudziwa zambiri za vutoli kudzakuthandizani kusamalira bwino khunyu la mwana wanu.

Zovuta zingaphatikizepo:

• Kuphunzira kovuta
• Kupumira chakudya kapena malovu m'mapapu panthawi yakugwa, komwe kumatha kuyambitsa chibayo
• Kugunda kwamtima kosasintha
• Kuvulala chifukwa cha kugwa, mabampu, kapena kudziluma komwe kumadzipweteka panthawi yolanda
• Kuwonongeka kwamuyaya kwa ubongo (sitiroko kapena kuwonongeka kwina)
• Zotsatira zoyipa za mankhwala

Imbani 911 kapena nambala yadzidzidzi yakomweko ngati:

• Aka ndi koyamba kuti mwana wanu agwe
• Kugwidwa kumachitika mwa mwana yemwe savala chibangili chachipatala (chomwe chili ndi malangizo ofotokozera zoyenera kuchita)

Ngati mwana wanu wagwidwa kale, imbani 911 kapena nambala yadzidzidzi yakomweko mwadzidzidzi:

• Kulanda ndikotalika kuposa komwe mwana amakhala nako kapena kuti mwana amakhala ndi khunyu mosazolowereka
• Mwanayo wagwidwa khunyu mobwerezabwereza kwa mphindi zochepa
• Mwanayo wagwidwa khunyu mobwerezabwereza pomwe chidziwitso kapena machitidwe abwinobwino sanapezenso pakati pawo (udindo wa khunyu)
• Mwana amavulala panthawi yolanda
• Mwanayo amavutika kupuma

Itanani wothandizira ngati mwana wanu ali ndi zizindikiro zatsopano:

• Nseru kapena kusanza
• Kutupa
• Zotsatira zoyipa zamankhwala, monga kusinza, kupumula, kapena kusokonezeka
• Kugwedezeka kapena mayendedwe achilendo, kapena mavuto pakugwirizana

Lumikizanani ndi omwe amakupatsirani chithandizo ngakhale mwana wanu ali wabwinobwino atatha kulanda.

Palibe njira yodziwika yopewera khunyu. Kudya koyenera komanso kugona mokwanira kumachepetsa mwayi wakugwidwa kwa ana omwe ali ndi khunyu.

Kuchepetsa chiopsezo chovulala pamutu pazochitika zowopsa. Izi zitha kuchepetsa mwayi wovulala muubongo komwe kumabweretsa khunyu ndi khunyu.

Matenda olanda - ana; Kupweteka - khunyu la ubwana; Matenda osokoneza bongo a khunyu; Anticonvulsant - khunyu launyamata; Antiepileptic mankhwala - mwana khunyu; AED - khunyu laubwana

Dwivedi R, Ramanujam B, Chandra PS, ndi al. Kuchita opaleshoni ya khunyu yosamva mankhwala kwa ana. N Engl J Med. 2017; 377 (17): 1639-1647. PMID: 29069568 pubed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29069568/.

Ghatan S, McGoldrick PE, Kokoszka MA, Wolf SM. Kuchita opaleshoni ya khunyu kwa ana. Mu: Winn HR, mkonzi. Opaleshoni ya Youmans ndi Winn Neurological. Wachisanu ndi chiwiri. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2017: mutu 240.

Kanner AM, Ashman E, Gloss D, ndi al. Tsatirani malangizo omasulira mwachidule: magwiridwe antchito ndi kulekerera mankhwala atsopano a antiepileptic I: chithandizo cha khunyu chatsopano: lipoti la American Epilepsy Society ndi Guideline Development, Dissemination, and Implementation Subcommittee ya American Academy of Neurology. Khunyu Khunyu. 2018; 18 (4): 260-268. (Adasankhidwa) PMID: 30254527 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30254527/.

Mikati MA, Tchapyjnikov D. Kugwidwa ali mwana. Mu: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, olemba. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. Wolemba 21. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: mutu 611.

Ngale PL. Chidule cha khunyu ndi khunyu mwa ana. Mu: Swaiman K, Ashwal S, Ferriero DM, et al, olemba. Swaiman's Pediatric Neurology: Mfundo ndi Zochita. Lachisanu ndi chimodzi. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2017: mutu 61.