Matenda Mimba: Hepatitis A

Zamkati

• Kodi zizindikiro ndi zotulukapo za matenda a chiwindi a A ndi ziti?
• Ndani ali pachiwopsezo?
• Kodi chimayambitsa matenda a chiwindi a A?
• Chiwindi A ndi mimba
• Kupewa
• Chiwonetsero

Kodi hepatitis A ndi chiyani?

Hepatitis A ndi matenda opatsirana kwambiri a chiwindi omwe amayamba chifukwa cha kachilombo ka hepatitis A (HAV). Komabe, mosiyana ndi matenda a chiwindi a B ndi C, samayambitsa matenda opatsirana a chiwindi ndipo samapha kawirikawiri.

Matenda a hepatitis A amapezeka mosavuta. Komabe, yakhala ikuchepa ku United States pazaka 40 zapitazi. Malinga ndi a, izi zimachitika makamaka chifukwa cha katemera wa hepatitis A mu 1995.

Mu 2013, panali anthu pafupifupi 3,473 omwe adadwala matenda a chiwindi a A ku United States.Komabe, matenda ambiri a hepatitis A samawonetsa zizindikiro, kotero kuchuluka kwa matenda mdziko muno akuganiza kuti ndiwokwera.

HAV yafala kwambiri m'malo okhala anthu ochulukirapo opanda ukhondo. Komanso, matenda a hepatitis A amapezeka pafupipafupi kwa amayi apakati monga anthu ambiri.

Kodi zizindikiro ndi zotulukapo za matenda a chiwindi a A ndi ziti?

Zizindikiro za matenda a hepatitis A ndizochulukirapo ndipo sizingafanane. Malinga ndi, ana ambiri ochepera zaka 6 okhala ndi chiwindi A alibe zizindikiro zilizonse. Komabe, akuluakulu amakonda kuwonetsa zizindikiro. Mwachitsanzo, pafupifupi 70 peresenti ya achikulire omwe ali ndi chiwindi cha hepatitis A amadwala matenda a jaundice.

Ngakhale kuti matenda ambiri a chiwindi a hepatitis A amatha sabata imodzi kapena inayi, matenda ena amatha miyezi ingapo. Munthu yemwe ali ndi kachilomboka amapatsirana kachilomboka zizindikirozo zisanachitike ndikumatha nthawi yayitali.

Zizindikiro zofala za matenda a hepatitis A ndi awa:

• kutopa
• nseru ndi kusanza
• kupweteka kuzungulira kapisozi kozungulira chiwindi.
• sintha mtundu wa matumbo
• kusowa chilakolako
• malungo ochepa
• mkodzo wakuda
• kupweteka pamodzi
• jaundice kapena chikasu pakhungu ndi maso

Odwala ambiri, zotsatira zakanthawi yayitali zakupezeka kwa kachilombo sizipezeka. Munthu akachira amakhala ndi ma antibodies a hepatitis A omwe amateteza matendawa nthawi zonse. Komabe, pakhala pali zochitika zina zobwereranso za chiwindi cha hepatitis A mkati mwa miyezi ingapo kuchokera koyambirira. Pafupifupi anthu 80 pachaka amamwalira ku United States chifukwa cha matenda a hepatitis A.

Ndani ali pachiwopsezo?

Anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga matenda a hepatitis A ndi omwe amakumana ndi munthu yemwe ali ndi kachilomboka. Zina mwaziwopsezo ndizo:

• kupita kumayiko omwe ali ndi chiwopsezo chachikulu cha hepatitis A, makamaka Africa, Asia (kupatula Japan), Eastern Europe, Middle East, South ndi Central America, Mexico, ndi Greenland
• kugonana m'kamwa ndi kumatako ndi munthu amene ali ndi kachilombo
• kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo
• kukhala ndi matenda a chiwindi osatha
• kugwira ntchito ndi hepatitis A m'malo opangira labotale
• kukhala ndi vuto la magazi kuundana kapena kulandira magazi amaundana
• kukhala m'magulu okhala ndi chiwindi chachikulu cha A - izi zimagwiranso ntchito kwa ana omwe amakhala m'malo osamalira ana masana
• kusamalira chakudya
• kusamalira odwala matenda aakulu kapena olumala
• kukhala ndi chitetezo chamthupi chofooka chifukwa cha khansa, HIV, mankhwala osachiritsika a steroid, kapena kuziika ziwalo

Kodi chimayambitsa matenda a chiwindi a A?

HAV imakhetsedwa kudzera m'zimbudzi za anthu omwe ali ndi kachilomboka. Imafalikira makamaka kudzera m'masom'pamaso okhudzana ndi munthu komanso kukhudzana ndi madzi ndi zakudya zodetsa. Hepatitis A imathanso kufalikira kudzera mu kuipitsa magazi mwachindunji, monga kugawana singano ndi munthu yemwe ali ndi kachilomboka.

Mu mitundu ina yambiri ya matenda a chiwindi a chiwindi munthu amanyamula ndikufalitsa kachilomboka popanda kukhala ndi zizindikilo. Komabe, izi sizowona pa matenda a chiwindi a A.

Chiwindi cha hepatitis A nthawi zambiri sichikhala pachiwopsezo kwa mayi wapakati kapena mwana wake. Matenda a amayi samabweretsa zofooka zobereka, ndipo mayi nthawi zambiri samapatsira mwanayo matendawo.

Chiwindi A ndi mimba

Pakati pa mimba matenda a hepatitis A amatha kukhala ndi chiopsezo chachikulu chogwira ntchito asanakwane, makamaka ngati matenda amapezeka m'nthawi yachiwiri kapena yachitatu. Zowopsa zina zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi matenda a hepatitis A atha kukhala:

• Mimba ya chiberekero isanakwane
• chiwonongeko chokhazikika
• Kuphulika msanga kwa nembanemba

Komabe, kutenga matenda a hepatitis A panthawi yoyembekezera sikupezeka. Ngakhale pali chiopsezo chowonjezeka cha zovuta, nthawi zambiri sizikhala zazikulu. Komanso, matenda a chiwindi a hepatitis A sanawonetsedwe kuti amapha imfa mwa mayi kapena mwana, ndipo ana obadwa kwa amayi omwe ali ndi hepatitis A samatenga kachilomboka.

Kupewa

Hepatitis A ilibe mankhwala. Pofuna kupewa kutenga matenda a chiwindi a A, yesetsani kupewa zinthu zoopsa. Komanso onetsetsani kuti mwasamba m'manja mutagwiritsa ntchito zakudya zosaphika komanso mutagwiritsa ntchito chimbudzi.

Katemera wamba amapezeka ku HAV, ndipo ndikosavuta kupeza. Katemerayu amaperekedwa m'ma jakisoni awiri. Kuwombera kwachiwiri kumaperekedwa miyezi 6 mpaka 12 pambuyo yoyamba.

Chiwonetsero

Hepatitis A imatha kukhala yovuta kupeza chifukwa sipangakhale zisonyezo. Onetsetsani kuti mukayezetse mukazindikira kuti muli ndi pakati kuti muzitha kudziwa zoopsa zilizonse zomwe zingachitike mukakhala ndi pakati.

Kupatsira mwana wanu chiwindi cha hepatitis A ndikosowa, koma kumatha kubweretsa zovuta nthawi yapakati.

Ngati mwapezeka kuti muli ndi hepatitis A, dokotala wanu amafunika mwalamulo kuti adziwitse anthu azaumoyo. Izi zimathandiza kuzindikira komwe kwachokera matendawa komanso kupewa kufalikira kwa matendawa.

Pali zinthu zingapo zomwe mungachite kuti mupewe kapena kupewa matenda a hepatitis A. Pewani machitidwe owopsa, khalani aukhondo, ndipo onetsetsani kuti mukukambirana za katemera ndi dokotala wanu.