Chibayo mwa ana - gulu lopezeka

Chibayo ndi matenda am'mapapo omwe amayamba chifukwa cha bakiteriya, mavairasi, kapena bowa.

Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza za chibayo chomwe chimapezeka pagulu mwa ana. Chibayo chotere chimachitika mwa ana athanzi omwe sanakhalepo mchipatala kapena malo ena azaumoyo.

Chibayo chomwe chimakhudza anthu omwe ali m'malo azachipatala, monga zipatala, nthawi zambiri chimayambitsidwa ndi majeremusi ovuta kuchiza.

Mavairasi ndi omwe amayambitsa chibayo mwa makanda ndi ana.

Njira zomwe mwana wanu angatengere CAP ndizo:

• Bacteria ndi ma virus omwe amakhala mphuno, sinus, kapena pakamwa amatha kufalikira mpaka kumapapu.
• Mwana wanu amatha kupuma ena mwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda m'mapapu.
• Mwana wanu amapumira chakudya, zakumwa, kapena masanzi kuchokera mkamwa kupita m'mapapu ake.

Zowopsa zomwe zimawonjezera mwayi wamwana wopeza CAP ndizo:

• Kukhala ochepera miyezi 6
• Kubadwa msanga
• Zolepheretsa kubadwa, monga m'kamwa
• Matenda amanjenje, monga kugwidwa kapena kupunduka kwa ubongo
• Matenda a mtima kapena mapapo amapezeka pakubadwa
• Chitetezo chofooka (izi zimatha kuchitika chifukwa cha chithandizo cha khansa kapena matenda monga HIV / AIDS)
• Opaleshoni yaposachedwa kapena zoopsa

Zizindikiro zodziwika za chibayo mwa ana ndi izi:

• Wodzilimbitsa kapena mphuno yothamanga, mutu
• Chifuwa chachikulu
• Malungo, omwe atha kukhala ofatsa kapena okwera, kuzizira komanso thukuta
• Kupuma mofulumira, ndi mphuno zowuluka ndi kutambasula kwa minofu pakati pa nthiti
• Kutentha
• Kupweteka kapena kubaya pachifuwa komwe kumakulirakulira mukamapuma kwambiri kapena kutsokomola
• Mphamvu zochepa ndi malaise (osamva bwino)
• Kusanza kapena kusowa kwa njala

Zizindikiro zofala kwa ana omwe ali ndi matenda oopsa kwambiri ndi awa:

• Milomo yabuluu ndi zikhadabo chifukwa cha mpweya wochepa kwambiri m'magazi
• Kusokonezeka kapena kovuta kwambiri kudzutsa

Wothandizira zaumoyo amvera chifuwa cha mwana wanu ndi stethoscope. Woperekayo amamvetsera chifukwa cha phokoso kapena phokoso lachilendo. Kugogoda pakhoma pachifuwa (kugogoda) kumathandiza woperekayo kuti amve ndikumva kumveka kosazolowereka.

Ngati chibayo chikukayikiridwa, woperekayo akhoza kuyitanitsa x-ray pachifuwa.

Mayesero ena atha kuphatikizira:

• Magazi amitsempha yamagazi kuti muwone ngati mpweya wokwanira ukulowa m'magazi a mwana wanu kuchokera m'mapapu
• Chikhalidwe chamagazi ndi chikhalidwe cha sputum kuyang'ana kachilomboka komwe kangayambitse chibayo
• CBC kuti muwone kuchuluka kwama cell oyera
• X-ray pachifuwa kapena CT scan pachifuwa
• Bronchoscopy - chubu chosinthasintha chokhala ndi kamera yowala kumapeto yomwe imadutsa m'mapapu (nthawi zambiri)
• Kuchotsa madzi kuchokera pakatikati pa mapapo akunja ndi khoma lachifuwa (nthawi zina)

Woperekayo ayenera kusankha kaye ngati mwana wanu ayenera kukhala mchipatala.

Mukalandira chithandizo kuchipatala, mwana wanu alandila:

• Madzi, ma electrolyte, ndi maantibayotiki kudzera m'mitsempha kapena pakamwa
• Thandizo la oxygen
• Mankhwala opumira othandizira kutsegula ma airways

Mwana wanu amatha kulowetsedwa kuchipatala ngati:

• Mukhale ndi vuto lina lalikulu lazachipatala, kuphatikiza zovuta za nthawi yayitali (cystic fibrosis kapena diabetes mellitus)
• Khalani ndi zizindikiro zoopsa
• Satha kudya kapena kumwa
• Ochepera miyezi 3 mpaka 6
• Mukhale ndi chibayo chifukwa cha majeremusi owopsa
• Ndamwa maantibayotiki kunyumba, koma sakupeza bwino

Ngati mwana wanu ali ndi CAP chifukwa cha mabakiteriya, maantibayotiki adzapatsidwa. Maantibayotiki samaperekedwa kwa chibayo chomwe chimayambitsidwa ndi kachilombo. Izi ndichifukwa choti maantibayotiki samapha mavairasi. Mankhwala ena, monga ma antivirals, atha kuperekedwa ngati mwana wanu ali ndi chimfine.

Ana ambiri amathandizidwa kunyumba. Ngati ndi choncho, mwana wanu angafunike kumwa mankhwala monga maantibayotiki kapena ma antivirals.

Mukamapereka mankhwala kwa mwana wanu:

• Onetsetsani kuti mwana wanu saphonya mlingo uliwonse.
• Onetsetsani kuti mwana wanu amamwa mankhwala onse monga mwauzidwa. Osasiya kupereka mankhwalawo, ngakhale mwana wanu atayamba kumva bwino.

Musapatse mwana wanu mankhwala a chifuwa kapena mankhwala ozizira pokhapokha dokotala atanena kuti zili bwino. Kutsokomola kumathandiza thupi kuchotsa ntchofu m'mapapu.

Njira zina zothandizira kusamalira ana monga:

• Kuti mubweretse ntchofu m'mapapu, gwirani chifuwa cha mwana wanu modekha kangapo patsiku. Izi zitha kuchitika mwana wanu atagona pansi.
• Muuzeni mwana wanu kuti azipuma kangapo kawiri kapena katatu pa ola lililonse. Kupuma kozama kumathandiza kutsegula mapapu a mwana wanu.
• Onetsetsani kuti mwana wanu amamwa zakumwa zambiri. Funsani omwe amakupatsani zomwe mwana wanu ayenera kumwa tsiku lililonse.
• Muuzeni mwana wanu kuti azipuma mokwanira, kuphatikizapo kugona tsiku lonse ngati kuli kofunikira.

Ana ambiri amasintha masiku 7 kapena 10 akalandira chithandizo. Ana omwe ali ndi chibayo chachikulu omwe ali ndi zovuta angafunike chithandizo kwa milungu iwiri kapena itatu. Ana omwe ali pachiwopsezo cha chibayo chachikulu ndi awa:

• Ana omwe chitetezo cha mthupi chawo sichigwira ntchito bwino
• Ana omwe ali ndi matenda am'mapapo kapena amtima

Nthawi zina, mavuto akulu akhoza kuyamba, kuphatikizapo:

• Kusintha koopsa kwa mapapo komwe kumafuna makina opumira (mpweya wabwino)
• Madzi ozungulira mapapo, omwe amatha kutenga kachilomboka
• Ziphuphu zotupa
• Mabakiteriya m'magazi (bacteremia)

Woperekayo akhoza kuyitanitsa x-ray ina. Izi ndizowonetsetsa kuti mapapu a mwana wanu ali omveka. Zitha kutenga milungu yambiri kuti x-ray ithe. Mwana wanu akhoza kumva bwino kwakanthawi ma x-ray asanawonekere.

Itanani wopezayo ngati mwana wanu ali ndi izi:

• Chifuwa choipa
• Kupuma kovuta (kupuma, kudandaula, kupuma mofulumira)
• Kusanza
• Kutaya njala
• Malungo ndi kuzizira
• Kupuma (kupuma) zizindikiro zomwe zimakulirakulirabe
• Kupweteka pachifuwa komwe kumawonjezeka mukamakhosomola kapena kupuma
• Zizindikiro za chibayo ndi chitetezo chamthupi chofooka (monga HIV kapena chemotherapy)
• Zizindikiro zakuchulukirachulukira mutayamba kuchira

Phunzitsani ana okulirapo kusamba mmanja pafupipafupi:

• Musanadye chakudya
• Pambuyo powomba mphuno zawo
• Atapita kubafa
• Mutatha kusewera ndi anzanu
• Atakumana ndi anthu omwe akudwala

Katemera angathandize kupewa mitundu ina ya chibayo. Onetsetsani kuti mwana wanu adzalandira katemera ndi:

• Katemera wa Pneumococcal
• Katemera wa chimfine
• Katemera wa Pertussis ndi katemera wa Hib

Ana akakhala aang'ono kwambiri kuti angathe kulandira katemera, makolo kapena omwe amawasamalira amatha kudziteteza ku chibayo choteteza katemera.

Bronchopneumonia - ana; Community-anapeza chibayo - ana; Kapu - ana

• Chibayo

Bradley JS, Byington CL, Shah SS, ndi al. Chidule cha Executive: kasamalidwe ka chibayo chopezeka mdera mwa makanda ndi ana opitilira miyezi itatu: malangizo azachipatala a Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis. 2011; 53 (7): 617-630. PMID: 21890766 adatulidwa.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21890766/.

Kelly MS, Sandora TJ. Chibayo chopezeka mderalo. Mu: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, olemba. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. Wolemba 21. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 428.

Shah SS, Bradley JS. Matenda a chibayo omwe amapezeka ndi ana. Mu: Cherry JD, Harrison GJ, Kaplan SL, Steinbach WJ, Hotez PJ. Feigin ndi Cherry's Bookbook of Pediatric Infectious Diseases. 8th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: mutu 22.