Matenda a Myelodysplastic

Matenda a Myelodysplastic ndi gulu lamavuto pomwe maselo amwazi omwe amapangidwa m'mafupa samakula m'maselo athanzi. Izi zimakusiyirani ma cell amwazi ochepa mthupi lanu. Maselo a magazi omwe akula sangagwire bwino ntchito.

Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) ndi mtundu wina wa khansa. Pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a anthu, MDS imatha kukhala khansa yayikulu ya myeloid.

Maselo opangira mafupa amapanga mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamagazi. Ndi MDS, DNA m'maselo am'madzi imawonongeka. Chifukwa chakuti DNA yawonongeka, maselo am'munsi sangathe kupanga maselo amwazi wathanzi.

Zomwe zimayambitsa MDS sizikudziwika. Nthawi zambiri, palibe chifukwa chodziwika.

Zowopsa za MDS ndizo:

• Matenda ena amtundu
• Kuwonetsedwa ndi mankhwala azachilengedwe kapena mafakitale, feteleza, mankhwala ophera tizilombo, zosungunulira, kapena zitsulo zolemera
• Kusuta

Chithandizo cha khansa isanachitike chimakulitsa chiopsezo cha MDS. Izi zimatchedwa MDS yachiwiri kapena yokhudzana ndi chithandizo.

• Mankhwala ena a chemotherapy amachulukitsa mwayi wopeza MDS. Ichi ndi chiopsezo chachikulu.
• Mankhwala a radiation, akagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi chemotherapy, amachulukitsa chiopsezo cha MDS kwambiri.
• Anthu omwe ali ndi ma cell opatsirana amatha kukhala ndi MDS chifukwa amalandiranso chemotherapy.

MDS nthawi zambiri imachitika mwa akulu azaka 60 kapena kupitilira apo. Zimakhala zofala kwambiri mwa amuna.

Kumayambiriro kwa MDS nthawi zambiri amakhala opanda zisonyezo. MDS imapezeka nthawi zambiri poyesa magazi.

Anthu omwe ali ndi magazi ochepa kwambiri nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi zizindikilo. Zizindikiro zimadalira mtundu wa khungu lamagazi lomwe lakhudzidwa, ndipo zimaphatikizapo:

• Kufooka kapena kutopa chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi
• Kupuma pang'ono
• Kuvulaza kosavuta ndi magazi
• Madontho ofiira ofiira kapena ofiirira pansi pa khungu omwe amayamba chifukwa chamagazi
• Matenda pafupipafupi ndi malungo

Anthu omwe ali ndi MDS amasowa magazi. MDS ikhoza kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa chimodzi kapena zingapo izi:

• Maselo ofiira ofiira
• Maselo oyera
• Ma Platelet

Maonekedwe amaselowa amathanso kusintha. Wothandizira zaumoyo wanu adzawerengera magazi athunthu ndikupaka magazi kuti apeze mtundu wamagazi omwe akhudzidwa.

Mayesero ena omwe angachitike ndi awa:

• Kukhumba kwamfupa ndi mafupa.
• Cytochemistry, flow cytometry, immunocytochemistry, ndi mayeso a immunophenotyping amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuzindikira ndi kugawa mitundu ya MDS.
• Cytogenetics ndi fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) amagwiritsidwa ntchito pakuwunika kwamtundu. Kuyesa kwa cytogenetic kumatha kuzindikira kusunthika ndi zovuta zina zamtundu. FISH amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti azindikire kusintha kwakeko m'matenda a chromosomes. Kusiyanasiyana kwa majini kungathandize kudziwa momwe angayankhire mankhwala.

Ena mwa mayeserowa athandiza omwe akukuthandizani kudziwa mtundu wa MDS womwe muli nawo. Izi zithandizira omwe akukuthandizani kukonzekera chithandizo chanu.

Wothandizira anu amatha kufotokozera MDS yanu ngati chiopsezo chachikulu, chiwopsezo chapakatikati, kapena chiopsezo chochepa motengera:

• Kukula kwa kuchepa kwa maselo amwazi mthupi lanu
• Mitundu yosintha mu DNA yanu
• Chiwerengero cha maselo oyera am'magazi m'mafupa anu

Popeza pali chiopsezo kuti MDS itha kukhala AML, kumangotsatira pafupipafupi omwe amakupatsani.

Chithandizo chanu chimadalira pazinthu zingapo:

• Kaya muli pachiwopsezo chochepa kapena chiopsezo chachikulu
• Mtundu wa MDS womwe muli nawo
• Zaka zanu, thanzi lanu, ndi zina zomwe mungakhale nazo, monga matenda ashuga kapena matenda amtima

Cholinga cha chithandizo cha MDS ndikuteteza mavuto chifukwa chakuchepa kwa maselo amwazi, matenda ndi magazi. Zitha kukhala ndi:

• Kuikidwa magazi
• Mankhwala omwe amalimbikitsa kupanga maselo amwazi
• Mankhwala osokoneza bongo
• Chemotherapy yotsika pang'ono kuti athe kusintha kuchuluka kwama cell
• Kuphatikizira kwa cell

Wothandizira anu akhoza kuyesa chithandizo chimodzi kapena zingapo kuti muwone zomwe MDS yanu ikuyankha.

Maganizo anu atengera mtundu wa MDS komanso kuopsa kwa zizindikilo zanu. Thanzi lanu lonse lingakhudzenso mwayi wanu wochira. Anthu ambiri ali ndi MDS yokhazikika yomwe siyimakhala khansa kwazaka zambiri, ngati ingakhalepo.

Anthu ena omwe ali ndi MDS amatha kudwala khansa ya m'magazi (AML).

Mavuto a MDS ndi awa:

• Magazi
• Matenda monga chibayo, matenda am'mimba, matenda amikodzo
• Khansa ya m'magazi ya myeloid

Lumikizanani ndi omwe akukuthandizani ngati:

• Kumva kufooka ndi kutopa nthawi zambiri
• Kukwapula kapena kutuluka magazi mosavuta, kutuluka magazi m'kamwa kapena kutuluka magazi m'mphuno pafupipafupi
• Mumawona mawanga ofiira kapena ofiirira akuchucha pansi pa khungu

Zilonda za myeloid; Matenda a Myelodysplastic; MDS; Matenda a khansa; Kukhazikika kwa khansa ya m'magazi; Refractory magazi m'thupi; Chotsutsa cytopenia

• Kukhumba kwamfupa

Hasserjian RP, Mutu DR. Ma syndromes a Myelodysplastic. Mu: Jaffe ES, Arber DA, Campo E, Harris NL, Quintanilla-Martinez L, olemba. Hematopathology. Wachiwiri ed. Philadelphia PA: Elsevier; 2017: mutu 45.

Tsamba la National Cancer Institute. Chithandizo cha Myelodysplastic / myeloproliferative neoplasms (PDQ) - mtundu wa akatswiri azaumoyo. www.cancer.gov/types/myeloproliferative/hp/mds-mpd-kuchiritsa-pdq. Idasinthidwa pa February 1, 2019. Idapezeka pa Disembala 17, 2019.

Steensma DP, Mwala RM. Ma syndromes a Myelodysplastic. Mu: Goldman L, Schafer AI, olemba. Mankhwala a Goldman-Cecil. 26 wa. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 172.