Kachilombo ka corona

Ma Coronaviruses ndi banja la ma virus. Kutenga ndi ma viruswa kumatha kuyambitsa matenda opumira pang'ono, monga chimfine. Ma coronaviruses ena amayambitsa matenda akulu omwe angayambitse chibayo, ngakhale kufa kumene.

Pali ma coronaviruses osiyanasiyana. Zimakhudza anthu komanso nyama. Ma coronaviruses amtundu wa anthu amayambitsa matenda ochepera pang'ono, monga chimfine.

Nyama zina zamtundu wa coronaviruses zimasintha (zimasintha) ndipo zimaperekedwa kuchokera ku nyama kupita kwa anthu. Amatha kufalikira kudzera m'masom'pamaso. Ma coronaviruses omwe amafalikira kuchokera ku nyama kupita kwa anthu nthawi zina amatha kudwala kwambiri:

• Matenda oopsa a kupuma (SARS) ndi mtundu waukulu wa chibayo. Zimayambitsidwa ndi ma coronavirus a SARS-CoV. Palibe anthu omwe adanenedwa kuyambira 2004.
• Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) ndimatenda akulu kupuma. MERS imayambitsidwa ndi coronavirus ya MERS-CoV. Pafupifupi 30% ya anthu omwe adwala matendawa amwalira. Anthu ena amangokhala ndizizindikiro zochepa. MERS ikupitilizabe kudwalitsa anthu, makamaka ku Arabia Peninsula.
• COVID-19 - Zambiri za COVID-19 zimapezeka kuchokera ku Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
• COVID-19 ndi matenda opuma omwe amayambitsa malungo, kutsokomola, komanso kupuma movutikira. Amayambitsidwa ndi kachilombo ka SARS-CoV-2 (matenda oopsa a kupuma a coronavirus 2). COVID-19 imatha kuyambitsa matenda ochepa mpaka kufa. COVID-19 ndiwopseza padziko lonse lapansi komanso ku United States.

Ma virus ambiri amachokera ku mileme, yomwe imatha kupatsira nyama zina. SARS-CoV imafalikira kuchokera ku amphaka amphaka, pomwe MERS-CoV imafalikira kuchokera ngamila. SARS-CoV-2 yaposachedwa ikukayikiridwanso kuti idachokera ku nyama. Amachokera kubanja limodzi la ma virus monga SARS-CoV, ndichifukwa chake ali ndi mayina ofanana. Pali ma virus ena ambiri ozungulira nyama, koma sanafalikire kwa anthu.

Munthu akangotenga kachilombo ka coronavirus, kachilomboka kamafalikira kwa munthu wathanzi (kufalitsa munthu ndi munthu). Mutha kutenga matenda a coronavirus pamene:

• Munthu yemwe ali ndi kachilomboka amayetsemula, kutsokomola, kapena amapumira m'mphuno pafupi nanu ndikutulutsa kachilomboka mumlengalenga (matenda opatsirana)
• Mumakhudza mphuno, maso, kapena pakamwa mutakhudza china chake chodetsedwa ndi kachilomboka, monga choseweretsa kapena chotsegulira chitseko
• Mumakhudza, kukumbatira, kugwirana chanza ndi kupsompsona munthu wodwala matendawa
• Mumadya kapena kumwa za ziwiya zomwe munthu yemwe ali ndi kachilomboyo akugwiritsa ntchito

Ma coronavirusi amunthu omwe amachititsa chimfine kufalikira kuchokera kwa munthu ndi munthu. Zizindikiro zimayamba masiku 2 mpaka 14. Izi zikuphatikiza:

• Mphuno yothamanga
• Chikhure
• Kuswetsa
• Kuchulukana m'mphuno
• Malungo ndi kuzizira
• Mutu
• Kupweteka kwa thupi
• Tsokomola

Kuwonetsedwa kwa MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV, ndi SARS-CoV-2 kumatha kuyambitsa zizindikilo zazikulu. Izi zikuphatikiza:

• Nseru ndi kusanza
• Kupuma pang'ono
• Kutsekula m'mimba
• Magazi akutsokomola
• Imfa

Matenda owopsa a coronavirus atha kuyambitsa:

• Croup
• Chibayo
• Bronchiolitis
• Matenda

Zizindikiro zitha kukhala zoyipa kwa anthu ena:

• Ana
• Okalamba okalamba
• Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda osatha monga matenda ashuga, khansa, matenda a impso, matenda amtima
• Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda opuma monga mphumu kapena COPD

Wothandizira zaumoyo wanu atha kutenga zina mwa izi poyesa labotale:

• Chikhalidwe cha Sputum
• Nasal swab (kuchokera m'mphuno)
• Khosi lakhosi
• Kuyesa magazi

Zitsanzo zampando ndi mkodzo zingathenso kutengedwa nthawi zina.

Mungafunike kuyesedwanso ngati matenda anu akuyamba chifukwa cha mtundu waukulu wa coronavirus. Mayesowa atha kuphatikiza:

• Kuyesedwa kwa magazi
• X-ray pachifuwa kapena chifuwa CT scan
• Kuwerengera kwathunthu kwa magazi (CBC)
• Kuyesa kwa Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) kwa coronavirus

Mayeso ozindikira mwina sangapezeke pamitundu yonse ya coronavirus.

Mpaka pano palibe mankhwala enieni opatsirana a coronavirus. Mankhwala amaperekedwa kuti athetse vuto lanu. Mankhwala ochiritsira nthawi zina amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamavuto akulu.

Matenda ofatsa a coronavirus, monga chimfine, amatha masiku ochepa ndikupuma komanso kudzisamalira kunyumba.

Ngati mukuganiza kuti muli ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a coronavirus, mutha:

• Muyenera kuvala chigoba cha opaleshoni
• Khalani m'chipinda chayokha kapena ICU kuti mupeze chithandizo

Kuchiza matenda opatsirana kwambiri kungaphatikizepo:

• Maantibayotiki, ngati mulinso ndi chibayo cha bakiteriya
• Mankhwala ochepetsa mphamvu ya kachilombo
• Steroids
• Oxygen, chithandizo chopumira (makina opumira mpweya), kapena mankhwala pachifuwa

Chimfine wamba chifukwa cha coronavirus nthawi zambiri chimathetsa paokha. Matenda akulu a coronavirus angafunike kuchipatala ndi kuthandizira kupuma. Nthawi zambiri, matenda ena amtundu wa coronavirus amatha kubweretsa imfa, makamaka kwa okalamba, ana, kapena anthu omwe ali ndi matenda aakulu.

Matenda a Coronavirus atha kubweretsa bronchitis kapena chibayo. Mitundu ina yayikulu imatha kupangitsa ziwalo kulephera, ngakhale kufa kumene.

Lumikizanani ndi omwe amakupatsani ngati muli ndi:

• Lumikizanani ndi munthu yemwe ali ndi matenda oopsa a coronavirus
• Anapita kudera lomwe kudabuka matenda a coronavirus ndipo adayamba kuzizira, kupuma movutikira, nseru, kapena kutsekula m'mimba

Tsatirani izi kuti muchepetse chiopsezo cha matenda:

• Pewani kulumikizana ndi anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a coronavirus.
• Pewani kupita kumalo komwe kudwala matenda a coronavirus.
• Sambani manja anu moyenera kapena muwayeretse ndi choyeretsera dzanja chopangira mowa.
• Phimbani pakamwa panu ndi mphuno ndi kansalu kapena malaya (osati manja anu) mukamayetsemula kapena kutsokomola, ndipo ponyani minofuyo kutali.
• Osagawana chakudya, chakumwa, kapena ziwiya.
• Tsukani malo omwe nthawi zambiri amakhudzidwa ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo.

Pali katemera yemwe angathandize kupewa COVID-19. Lumikizanani ndi dipatimenti yazachipatala kwanuko kuti mudziwe za kupezeka kwanuko. Zambiri zokhudza katemera wa COVID-19 zimapezeka kuchokera ku Centers for Disease Control and Prevention www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/index.html.

Ngati mukuyenda, lankhulani ndi omwe amakupatsani za:

• Kukhala atsopano ndi katemera
• Kunyamula mankhwala

Coronavirus - SARS; Coronavirus - 2019-nCoV; Kachilombo ka corona (COVID-10-9; Coronavirus - matenda oopsa a kupuma; Matenda opatsirana a Coronavirus - Middle East; Coronavirus - MERS

• Kachilombo ka corona
• Chibayo
• Zizindikiro zozizira
• Dongosolo kupuma
• Pamtunda thirakiti
• M'munsi thirakiti

Malo Othandizira Kuteteza ndi Kuteteza tsamba lawebusayiti. Kachilombo ka corona (COVID-10-9). www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/index.html. Idapezeka pa Marichi 16, 2020.

Gerber SI, Watson JT. Tizilombo twa corona. Mu: Goldman L, Schafer AI ma eds. Mankhwala a Goldman-Cecil. 26 wa. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 342.

Perlman S, McIntosh K. Coronaviruses, kuphatikizapo matenda oopsa a kupuma (SARS) ndi Middle East kupuma matenda (MERS). Mu: Benett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ olemba. Mandell, Douglas, ndi Bennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: chap 155.

Webusaiti ya World Health Organization. Kachilombo ka corona. www.who.int/health-topics/coronavirus#tab=tab_1. Idapezeka pa Marichi 16, 2020.