7 "Poizoni" mu Chakudya Chomwe Chili Chokhudza

Zamkati

• 1. Masamba Oyeretsedwa ndi Mafuta a Mbewu
• 2. BPA
• 3. Mafuta a Trans
• 4. Polycyclic Onunkhira Mahydrocarboni (PAHs)
• 5. Coumarin ku Cassia Cinnamon
• 6. Wonjezera Shuga
• 7. Mercury mu Nsomba
• Tengani Uthenga Wanyumba

Mwina mwamvapo anthu ena akunena kuti zakudya kapena zinthu zina wamba ndizo “poizoni.” Mwamwayi, zambiri mwazimenezi sizikugwirizana ndi sayansi.

Komabe, pali zochepa zomwe zitha kukhala zowononga, makamaka zikawonongedwa kwambiri.

Nawu mndandanda wa "poizoni" 7 wazakudya zomwe zikukhudzana kwenikweni.

1. Masamba Oyeretsedwa ndi Mafuta a Mbewu

Mafuta oyenga bwino a mbewu ndi mbewu zimaphatikizapo chimanga, mpendadzuwa, safflower, soya ndi mafuta amtundu.

Zaka zapitazo, anthu adalimbikitsidwa kuti asinthe mafuta odzaza ndi mafuta azamasamba kuti achepetse mafuta m'thupi komanso kuti ateteze matenda amtima.

Komabe, maumboni ambiri akusonyeza kuti mafutawa amapwetekadi akamagwiritsidwa ntchito mopitilira muyeso ().

Mafuta azamasamba ndi zinthu zoyengedwa kwambiri zopanda zofunikira. Mwanjira imeneyi, ndi ma kalori "opanda kanthu".

Amakhala ndi mafuta omega-6 ambiri opangidwa ndi polyunsaturated, omwe amakhala ndimitengo ingapo iwiri yomwe imatha kuwonongeka komanso kufatsa mukawunikiridwa ndi kuwala kapena mpweya.

Mafutawa ndi okwera kwambiri mu omega-6 linoleic acid. Ngakhale mukusowa asidi wa linoleic, anthu ambiri masiku ano akudya zochuluka kuposa momwe amafunikira.

Kumbali inayi, anthu ambiri samadya mafuta omega-3 okwanira kuti akhalebe oyenera pakati pa mafutawa.

M'malo mwake, akuti pafupifupi munthu aliyense amadya mafuta omega-6 ochulukitsa kasanu ndi kawiri kuposa mafuta a omega-3, ngakhale gawo labwino lingakhale pakati pa 1: 1 ndi 3: 1 (2).

Kudyetsa kwambiri kwa linoleic acid kumatha kukulitsa kutupa, komwe kumatha kuwononga maselo am'magazi omwe amalowetsa mitsempha yanu ndikuwonjezera chiopsezo cha matenda amtima (,, 5).

Kuphatikiza apo, kafukufuku wazinyama akuwonetsa kuti zitha kulimbikitsa kufalikira kwa khansa kuchokera kumaselo am'mawere kupita kumatundu ena, kuphatikiza mapapu (,).

Kafukufuku wowunikira adapeza kuti azimayi omwe amadya kwambiri mafuta a omega-6 komanso mafuta otsika kwambiri a omega-3 anali ndi chiopsezo chachikulu cha 87-92% cha khansa ya m'mawere kuposa omwe ali ndi vuto lokwanira (,).

Komanso, kuphika ndi mafuta a masamba ndi koipitsitsa kuposa kuwagwiritsa ntchito kutentha. Akatenthedwa, amatulutsa mankhwala omwe angawonjezere chiopsezo cha matenda amtima, khansa ndi matenda otupa (10,).

Ngakhale umboni wamafuta azamasamba ndiosakanikirana, mayesero ambiri omwe amayang'aniridwa akuwonetsa kuti ndi owopsa.

Mafuta opangidwa ndi masamba ndi mbewu amakhala ndi mafuta a omega-6. Anthu ambiri akudya mafuta ochulukirapo kale, zomwe zitha kubweretsa zovuta zingapo.

2. BPA

Bisphenol-A (BPA) ndi mankhwala omwe amapezeka m'mapulasitiki okhala ndi zakudya ndi zakumwa zambiri wamba.

Zakudya zazikulu ndimadzi am'mabotolo, zakudya zopakidwa m'matumba ndi zinthu zamzitini, monga nsomba, nkhuku, nyemba ndi masamba.

Kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti BPA imatha kutulutsa zotengera izi ndikulowetsa chakumwa kapena chakumwa ().

Ofufuzawo anena kuti chakudya chimathandizira kwambiri m'magulu a BPA mthupi, omwe amatha kudziwika poyesa BPA mu mkodzo ().

Kafukufuku wina adapeza BPA m'mitundu 63 ya 105 yazakudya, kuphatikiza Turkey yatsopano ndi mkaka wam'zitini ().

BPA imakhulupirira kuti imatsanzira estrogen pomangiriza kumalo omwe amalandira mahomoni. Izi zitha kusokoneza ntchito yabwinobwino ().

Malire oyendetsedwa tsiku lililonse a BPA ndi 23 mcg / lb (50 mcg / kg) yolemera thupi. Komabe, maphunziro odziyimira pawokha a 40 awonetsa kuti zoyipa zidachitika pamunsi pamalire a nyama ().

Kuphatikiza apo, pomwe maphunziro 11 onse omwe amalipidwa ndi mafakitale adapeza kuti BPA ilibe vuto lililonse, maphunziro opitilira 100 azipeza kuti ndizowopsa ().

Kafukufuku wokhudza nyama zapakati awonetsa kuti kuwonetsedwa kwa BPA kumabweretsa mavuto pakubereka ndipo kumawonjezera chiwopsezo cha khansa ya m'mawere ndi prostate mtsogolo mwa mwana wosabadwa (,,,).

Kafukufuku wina wapezanso kuti kuchuluka kwa BPA kumalumikizidwa ndi kusabereka, insulin kukana, mtundu wa 2 shuga ndi kunenepa kwambiri (,,,).

Zotsatira za kafukufuku wina zikuwonetsa kulumikizana pakati pamiyeso yayikulu ya BPA ndi polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). PCOS ndi vuto la kukana kwa insulin komwe kumadziwika ndi kuchuluka kwa ma androgens, monga testosterone ().

Kafukufuku waphatikizanso milingo yayikulu ya BPA pakusintha kwa mahomoni a chithokomiro ndi magwiridwe ake. Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha mankhwala omwe amamanga ndi ma receptors a chithokomiro, omwe amafanana ndi momwe amathandizira ndi ma estrogen receptors (,).

Mutha kuchepetsa kuwonekera kwanu kwa BPA poyang'ana mabotolo ndi zotengera zopanda BPA, komanso kudya zakudya zopanda chakudya chonse.

Pakafukufuku wina, mabanja omwe adalowa m'malo mwa zakudya zopakidwa ndi zakudya zatsopano kwa masiku atatu adachepetsa 66% m'miyeso ya BPA mumkodzo wawo, pafupifupi ().

Mutha kuwerenga zambiri za BPA apa: Kodi BPA ndi chiyani ndipo ndichifukwa chiyani zili zoyipa kwa inu?

BPA ndi mankhwala omwe amapezeka kwambiri mupulasitiki ndi zinthu zamzitini. Ikhoza kuwonjezera chiopsezo cha kusabereka, insulin kukana komanso matenda.

3. Mafuta a Trans

Mafuta a Trans ndi mafuta osavomerezeka omwe mungadye.

Amapangidwa ndikupopera haidrojeni mumafuta osasungika kuti asanduke mafuta olimba.

Thupi lanu silizindikira kapena kusinthira mafuta amtundu wofanana ndi mafuta omwe amapezeka mwachilengedwe.

Ndizosadabwitsa kuti kuzidya kumatha kubweretsa zovuta zingapo ().

Kafukufuku wazinyama ndi zowonera awonetsa mobwerezabwereza kuti mafuta omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mopitilira muyeso amachititsa kutupa ndi zovuta paumoyo wamtima (,, 31).

Ofufuza omwe adayang'ana zidziwitso kuchokera kwa azimayi a 730 adapeza kuti zolembera zotupa ndizokwera kwambiri mwa iwo omwe adadya mafuta ambiri, kuphatikiza 73% yama CRP, omwe ndi chiopsezo chachikulu cha matenda amtima (31).

Kafukufuku woyendetsedwa mwa anthu atsimikizira kuti mafuta opatsirana amatsogolera ku kutupa, komwe kumakhudza thanzi la mtima. Izi zimaphatikizaponso kukanika kwa mitsempha yotulutsa magazi moyenera komanso kuti magazi azizungulira (,,,).

Kafukufuku wina yemwe adayang'ana zotsatira za mafuta osiyanasiyana mwa amuna athanzi, ndi mafuta okhawo omwe amakulitsa chizindikiro chomwe chimadziwika kuti e-selectin, chomwe chimayambitsidwa ndi zina zotupa ndipo chimawononga maselo okhala mumitsempha yanu ().

Kuphatikiza pa matenda amtima, kutupa kosatha ndiko komwe kumayambitsa zovuta zina zambiri, monga insulin kukana, mtundu wa 2 shuga ndi kunenepa kwambiri (,,,).

Umboni womwe ulipo umathandizira kupewa mafuta opyola momwe tingathere ndikugwiritsa ntchito mafuta athanzi m'malo mwake.

Kafukufuku wambiri apeza kuti mafuta opatsirana amatupa kwambiri ndipo amachulukitsa chiopsezo cha matenda amtima ndi zina.

4. Polycyclic Onunkhira Mahydrocarboni (PAHs)

Nyama yofiira ndi gwero lalikulu la mapuloteni, ayironi komanso zakudya zina zofunikira.

Komabe, imatha kutulutsa zopangidwa ndi poizoni zotchedwa polycyclic onunkhira ma hydrocarbon (PAHs) munjira zina zophikira.

Nyama ikakulungidwa kapena kusutidwa kutentha kwambiri, mafuta amathira pamiphika yotentha, yomwe imatulutsa ma PAH omwe amatha kulowa munyamayo. Kuwotcha makala kwathunthu kumathandizanso kuti ma PAH apange ().

Ofufuza apeza kuti ma PAH ndi owopsa ndipo amatha kuyambitsa khansa (,).

Ma PAH amalumikizidwa ndi chiopsezo chowonjezeka cha khansa ya m'mawere ndi prostate m'maphunziro ambiri owonera, ngakhale majini amathandizanso (,,,,).

Kuphatikiza apo, ofufuza akuti kuchuluka kwa ma PAH kuchokera kuzakudya zakuwonjezera chiwopsezo cha khansa ya impso. Apanso, izi zikuwoneka kuti zimadalira chibadwa, komanso zina zowopsa, monga kusuta (,).

Mgwirizano wamphamvu kwambiri ukuwoneka kuti uli pakati pa nyama zokazinga ndi khansa zam'mimba, makamaka khansa ya m'matumbo (,).

Ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti kulumikizana ndi khansa yam'matumbo kumawoneka kokha mu nyama zofiira, monga ng'ombe, nkhumba, mwanawankhosa ndi nyama yamwana wang'ombe. Nkhuku, monga nkhuku, zimawoneka kuti sizitha kutenga nawo mbali kapena kuteteza chiopsezo cha khansa ya m'matumbo (,,).

Kafukufuku wina adapeza kuti calcium ikawonjezedwa pazakudya zomwe zili ndi nyama yochiritsidwa, zolembera zamankhwala zomwe zimayambitsa khansa zidatsika mu ndowe za nyama ndi anthu ().

Ngakhale ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito njira zina zophikira, mutha kuchepetsa ma PAHs mpaka 41–89% mukamawotchera pochepetsa utsi ndikuchotsa mwachangu ma drippings ().

Kukumba kapena kusuta nyama yofiira kumatulutsa ma PAH, omwe amalumikizidwa ndi chiopsezo chowonjezeka cha khansa zingapo, makamaka khansa ya m'matumbo.

5. Coumarin ku Cassia Cinnamon

Sinamoni imatha kupereka maubwino angapo azaumoyo, kuphatikiza kutsika kwa magazi m'magazi komanso kuchepa kwama cholesterol mwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri ().

Komabe, sinamoni imakhalanso ndi gulu lotchedwa coumarin, lomwe ndi poizoni mukamadya mopitirira muyeso.

Mitundu iwiri yamtundu wa sinamoni ndi Cassia ndi Ceylon.

Sinamoni ya Ceylon imachokera ku khungwa lamkati lamtengo ku Sri Lanka lotchedwa Cinnamomum zeylanicum. Nthawi zina amatchedwa "sinamoni weniweni."

Cassia sinamoni imachokera ku khungwa la mtengo wotchedwa Cinnamomum kasiya yomwe imakula ku China. Ndiotsika mtengo kuposa Ceylon sinamoni ndipo amawerengera pafupifupi 90% ya sinamoni yolowetsedwa ku US ndi Europe ().

Cassia sinamoni imakhala ndi coumarin wambiri, womwe umalumikizidwa ndi chiopsezo chowonjezeka cha khansa ndi kuwonongeka kwa chiwindi pamlingo waukulu (,).

Malire achitetezo a coumarin mchakudya ndi 0.9 mg / lb (2 mg / kg) ().

Komabe, kafukufuku wina adapeza zinthu zophika sinamoni ndi chimanga chomwe chimakhala ndi 4 mg / lb (9 mg / kg) wazakudya, ndi mtundu umodzi wamakeke a sinamoni omwe anali ndi 40 mg / lb (88 mg / kg) () .

Kuphatikiza apo, ndizosatheka kudziwa kuchuluka kwa coumarin mumchere wa sinamoni osamuyesa.

Ofufuza aku Germany omwe anafufuza ufa wosiyanasiyana wa cassia cinnamon 47 adapeza kuti zokhala ndi coumarin zimasiyana mosiyanasiyana pakati pa zitsanzo ().

Kudya kwa tsiku ndi tsiku kosavomerezeka (TDI) kwa coumarin kwayikidwa pa 0.45 mg / lb (1 mg / kg) ya kulemera kwa thupi ndipo kutengera maphunziro azinyama za chiwindi cha chiwindi.

Komabe, kafukufuku wapa coumarin mwa anthu apeza kuti anthu ena atha kuwonongeka ndi chiwindi ngakhale pang'ono ().

Ngakhale Ceylon sinamoni imakhala ndi coumarin wocheperako kuposa cassia sinamoni ndipo imatha kudyedwa momasuka, siyopezeka kwambiri. Sinamoni yambiri m'masitolo akuluakulu ndi mitundu yambiri ya coumarin cassia.

Izi zikunenedwa, anthu ambiri amatha kudya magalamu awiri (0,5-1 supuni ya tiyi) ya cassia sinamoni patsiku. M'malo mwake, kafukufuku wowerengeka wagwiritsa ntchito kangapo kuchuluka kwake popanda zotsatirapo zoyipa ().

Cassia sinamoni imakhala ndi coumarin, yomwe imatha kuwonjezera chiopsezo cha chiwindi kapena khansa ngati idya mopitirira muyeso.

6. Wonjezera Shuga

Shuga ndi manyuchi a chimanga a high-fructose nthawi zambiri amatchedwa "zopatsa mphamvu zopanda mafuta." Komabe, zotsatira zoyipa za shuga zimapitilira pamenepo.

Shuga ali ndi fructose yambiri, ndipo kuchuluka kwa fructose kumalumikizidwa ndi zovuta zambiri, kuphatikizapo kunenepa kwambiri, mtundu wa 2 shuga, matenda amadzimadzi ndi matenda a chiwindi (),,,,).

Kuchuluka kwa shuga kumagwirizananso ndi khansa ya m'mawere ndi m'matumbo. Izi zitha kukhala chifukwa chakukhudzidwa kwake ndi shuga wamagazi komanso ma insulin, omwe amatha kuyambitsa kukula kwa chotupa (, 69).

Kafukufuku wina wowona azimayi opitilira 35,000 adapeza kuti omwe ali ndi shuga wochuluka kwambiri amakhala ndi chiopsezo chowirikiza khansa ya m'matumbo monga omwe amadya zakudya zopanda shuga ().

Ngakhale kuchuluka kwa shuga kulibe vuto kwa anthu ambiri, anthu ena amalephera kuyima pambuyo pocheperako. M'malo mwake, amatha kuyendetsedwa kuti azidya shuga mofananamo ndi omwe amamwa mowa mwauchidakwa kapena kumwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo.

Ofufuza ena akuti izi zimachitika chifukwa chokhoza shuga kutulutsa dopamine, neurotransmitter muubongo yomwe imathandizira mphotho njira (,,).

Kudya kwambiri shuga wowonjezera kumatha kuwonjezera ngozi za matenda angapo, kuphatikizapo kunenepa kwambiri, matenda amtima, mtundu wa 2 shuga ndi khansa.

7. Mercury mu Nsomba

Mitundu yambiri ya nsomba imakhala yathanzi kwambiri.

Komabe, mitundu ina imakhala ndi milingo yambiri ya mercury, poizoni wodziwika.

Zakudya zam'madzi ndizomwe zimapangitsa kwambiri kuti anthu azikhala ndi mercury.

Izi ndi chifukwa cha mankhwala omwe akukwera munyanja ().

Zomera zomwe zimakula m'madzi owonongeka ndi mercury zimadyedwa ndi nsomba zazing'ono, zomwe zimadyedwa ndi nsomba zazikulu. Popita nthawi, mercury imadzikundikira m'matupi a nsomba zikuluzikuluzo, zomwe pamapeto pake zimadyedwa ndi anthu.

Ku US ndi ku Europe, kudziwa kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe amapeza mu nsomba ndizovuta. Izi ndichifukwa chamitundu yambiri ya nsomba ().

Mercury ndi neurotoxin, kutanthauza kuti imatha kuwononga ubongo ndi mitsempha. Amayi oyembekezera ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu, chifukwa mercury imatha kukhudza ubongo womwe ukukula komanso dongosolo lamanjenje (,).

Kusanthula kwa 2014 kunapeza kuti m'maiko angapo, milingo ya tsitsi ndi magazi ya amayi ndi ana inali yokwera kwambiri kuposa momwe World Health Organisation imavomerezera, makamaka mdera lakunyanja komanso kufupi ndi migodi ().

Kafukufuku wina adapeza kuti kuchuluka kwa mercury kumasiyana mosiyanasiyana pakati pamitundu ndi mitundu ya tuna zamzitini. Zinapeza kuti zitsanzo 55% zidapitilira malire a EPA's 0.5 ppm (magawo miliyoni miliyoni) ().

Nsomba zina, monga king mackerel ndi swordfish, ndizokwera kwambiri mu mercury ndipo ziyenera kuzipewa. Komabe, kudya mitundu ina ya nsomba kumalangizidwabe chifukwa ali ndi maubwino ambiri azaumoyo ().

Pochepetsa kuchepa kwa mercury, sankhani nsomba kuchokera pagulu la "mercury wotsika kwambiri" pamndandandawu.Mwamwayi, gulu la mercury wotsika limaphatikizapo nsomba zambiri m'mafuta a omega-3, monga saumoni, hering'i, sardini ndi anchovies.

Ubwino wodya nsomba zolemera izi za omega-3 umaposa zovuta zoyipa za mercury.

Nsomba zina zimakhala ndi mercury wambiri. Komabe, maubwino azaumoyo akudya nsomba zam'madzi ochepa kwambiri amaposa kuopsa kwake.

Tengani Uthenga Wanyumba

Zambiri zomwe zimanenedwa za zoyipa za "poizoni" pakudya sizigwirizana ndi sayansi.

Komabe, pali zingapo zomwe zitha kukhala zowopsa, makamaka pamtengo wokwera.

Izi zikunenedwa, kuchepetsa kupezeka kwa mankhwalawa ndi zosakaniza ndizosavuta.

Chepetsani kugwiritsa ntchito kwanu mankhwalawa ndikumamatira kuzakudya zonse, zosakaniza chimodzi momwe mungathere.