Phenytoin

Zamkati

• Musanatenge phenytoin,
• Phenytoin ingayambitse kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi anu. Lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu za zizindikiro za shuga wambiri wamagazi komanso zomwe muyenera kuchita mukakumana ndi izi.
• Phenytoin imatha kuyambitsa mavuto. Uzani dokotala wanu ngati zina mwazizindikirozi ndizolimba kapena sizichoka:
• Zotsatira zina zoyipa zingakhale zazikulu. Ngati mukumane ndi izi kapena izi zomwe zalembedwa mgulu la ZOYENERA, itanani dokotala wanu mwachangu :.
• Zotsatira zina zoyipa zingakhale zazikulu. Ngati mukukumana ndi izi, siyani kumwa phenytoin ndikuyimbira dokotala:
• Zizindikiro za bongo zingaphatikizepo izi:

Phenytoin imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwongolera kugwidwa kwamtundu wina, ndikuchiza ndikupewa kugwa komwe kumatha kuyamba mkati kapena pambuyo pa opaleshoni ku ubongo kapena dongosolo lamanjenje. Phenytoin ali mgulu la mankhwala otchedwa anticonvulsants. Zimagwira ntchito pochepetsa magwiridwe antchito amagetsi muubongo.

Phenytoin imabwera ngati kapisozi womasulira nthawi yayitali, piritsi losavuta, komanso kuyimitsidwa (madzi) kuti atenge pakamwa. Piritsi losavuta komanso kuyimitsidwa nthawi zambiri limatengedwa kawiri kapena katatu patsiku. Makapisozi otulutsidwa nthawi zambiri amatengedwa kamodzi kapena kanayi patsiku. Tengani phenytoin mozungulira nthawi yomweyo tsiku lililonse. Tsatirani malangizo omwe mwalandira mosamala, ndikufunsani dokotala kapena wamankhwala kuti afotokoze gawo lililonse lomwe simukumvetsa. Tengani phenytoin monga momwe adauzira. Musamamwe pang'ono kapena kumamwa pafupipafupi kuposa momwe adanenera dokotala.

Dokotala wanu akuyambitsani pa phenytoin wocheperako pang'ono ndi pang'ono ndikuwonjezera mlingo wanu, osati kangapo kamodzi pamasiku 7 mpaka 10.

Zinthu zosiyanasiyana za phenytoin zimalowetsedwa ndi thupi m'njira zosiyanasiyana ndipo sizingasinthane wina ndi mnzake. Ngati mukufuna kusintha kuchokera ku chinthu chimodzi kupita ku china, dokotala wanu angafunike kusintha mlingo wanu. Nthawi iliyonse yomwe mumalandira mankhwala anu, onetsetsani kuti mwalandira mankhwala a phenytoin omwe adakulamulirani. Funsani wamankhwala wanu ngati simukudziwa kuti mwalandira mankhwala oyenera.

Sambani madzi bwino musanagwiritse ntchito mankhwala osakanikirana. Gwiritsani ntchito chida choyezera molondola kuti mutsimikizire kuti mulandira mankhwala oyenera. Funsani dokotala wanu kapena wamankhwala ngati muli ndi mafunso okhudza kuyeza mlingo wanu.

Kumeza lonse makapisozi kumasulidwa lonse; osagawana, kutafuna, kapena kuwaphwanya. Musatenge makapisozi omwe atuluka mtundu.

Mutha kutafuna mapiritsi otetemera musanameze, kapena mutha kuwameza onse osatafuna.

Ngati mukulandira chilinganizo kapena zowonjezera kudzera mu chubu chodyetsera, lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu za nthawi yomwe muyenera kumwa phenytoin. Muyenera kulola nthawi kuti mulandire chakudya chanu ndikumwa phenytoin.

Phenytoin itha kuthandizira kuwongolera matenda anu koma sangachiritse. Pitirizani kumwa phenytoin ngakhale mutakhala bwino. Osasiya kumwa phenytoin osalankhula ndi dokotala, ngakhale mutakumana ndi zovuta monga kusintha kwakanthawi kwamakhalidwe kapena malingaliro. Mukasiya mwadzidzidzi kumwa phenytoin, khunyu lanu limatha kukulirakulira. Dokotala wanu mwina amachepetsa mlingo wanu pang'onopang'ono.

Phenytoin imagwiritsidwanso ntchito kuwongolera kugunda kwamtima kosazolowereka. Lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu za kuopsa kogwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa ngati muli ndi vuto lanu.

Mankhwalawa amatha kupatsidwa ntchito zina; funsani dokotala wanu kapena wamankhwala kuti mudziwe zambiri.

Musanatenge phenytoin,

• uzani dokotala wanu komanso wamankhwala ngati muli ndi vuto la phenytoin, mankhwala ena a hydantoin monga ethotoin (Peganone) kapena fosphenytoin (Cerebyx), mankhwala ena aliwonse, kapena chilichonse cha phenytoin. Funsani wamankhwala wanu kuti awonetse mndandanda wazosakaniza.
• Uzani dokotala wanu ngati mukumwa delavirdine (Rescriptor). Dokotala wanu angakuuzeni kuti musamwe phenytoin ngati mukumwa mankhwalawa.
• Uzani dokotala wanu komanso wamankhwala mankhwala ndi mankhwala osapatsirana, mavitamini, zowonjezera zakudya, ndi mankhwala azitsamba omwe mukumwa kapena omwe mukufuna kumwa. Onetsetsani kuti mwatchulapo izi: albendazole (Albenza); amiodarone (Nexterone, Pacerone); maanticoagulants ('oonda magazi') monga warfarin (Coumadin, Jantoven); mankhwala oletsa antifungal monga fluconazole (Diflucan), ketoconazole (Nizoral), itraconazole (Onmel, Sporanox, Tolsura), miconazole (Oravig), posaconazole (Noxafil), ndi voriconazole (Vfend); ma antivirals ena monga efavirenz (Sustiva, ku Atripla), indinavir (Crixivan), lopinavir (ku Kaletra), nelfinavir (Viracept), ritonavir (Norvir, ku Kaletra), ndi saquinavir (Invirase); magazi; capecitabine (Xeloda); carboplatin; mankhwala enaake; chlordiazepoxide (Librium, ku Librax); mankhwala a cholesterol monga atorvastatin (Lipitor, mu Caduet), fluvastatin (Lescol), ndi simvastatin (Zocor, ku Vytorin); cisplatin; clozapine (Fazaclo, Versacloz); cyclosporine (Gengraf, Neoral, Sandimmune); diazepam (Valium); diazoxide (Proglycem); digoxin (Lanoxin); disopyramide (Norpace); disulfiram (Antabuse); doxorubicin (Doxil); doxycycline (Acticlate, Doryx, Monodox, Oracea, Vibramycin); fluorouril; fluoxetine (Prozac, Sarafem, mu Symbyax, ena); fluvoxamine (Luvox); kupatsidwa folic acid; fosamprenavir (Lexiva); furosemide (Lasix); H₂ otsutsa monga cimetidine (Tagamet), famotidine (Pepcid), nizatidine (Axid), ndi ranitidine (Zantac); njira zolerera za mahomoni (mapiritsi olera, zigamba, mphete, kapena jakisoni); mankhwala othandizira mahomoni (HRT); irinotecan (Camptosar); isoniazid (Laniazid, ku Rifamate, ku Rifater); mankhwala a matenda amisala ndi nseru; Mankhwala ena ogwidwa monga carbamazepine (Carbatrol, Equetro, Tegretol, ena), ethosuximide (Zarontin), felbamate (Felbatol), lamotrigine (Lamictal), methsuximide (Celontin), oxcarbazepine (Trilepta, Oxtellar XR), phenobar XR), phenobar ), ndi valproic acid (Depakene); methadone (Dolophine, Methadose); methotrexate (Otrexup, Rasuvo, Trexall, Xatmep); methylphenidate (Daytrana, Concerta, Metadate, Ritalin); mexiletine; nifedipine (Adalat, Procardia), nimodipine (Nymalize), nisoldipine (Sular); omeprazole (Prilosec); oral steroids monga dexamethasone, methylprednisolone (Medrol), prednisolone, ndi prednisone (Rayos); paclitaxel (Abraxane, Taxol); paroxetine (Paxil, Pexeva); praziquantel (Biltricide); quetiapine (Seroquel); quinidine (mu Nuedexta); kuperekanso; rifampin (Rifadin, Rimactane, ku Rifamate, ku Rifater); kupweteka kwa salicylate kumachepetsa monga aspirin, choline magnesium trisalicylate, choline salicylate, diflunisal, magnesium salicylate (Doan's, ena), ndi salsalate; mankhwala opatsirana (Zoloft); sucralfate (Carafate); mankhwala a sulfa; teniposide; theophylline (Elixophyllin, Theo-24, Theochron); ticlopidine; tolbutamide; trazodone; verapamil (Calan, Verelan, ku Tarka); kachilombo (Sabril); ndi vitamini D. Dokotala wanu angafunike kusintha mlingo wa mankhwala anu kapena kukuyang'anirani mosamala za zotsatirapo zake.
• uzani dokotala ngati mukumwa maantacid okhala ndi calcium, magnesium, kapena aluminium (Maalox, Mylanta, Tums, ena). Dokotala wanu angakuuzeni kuti mulole kuti papite kanthawi pakati pa kumwa mankhwalawa ndi kumwa phenytoin.
• uzani dokotala wanu za mankhwala azitsamba omwe mukumwa, makamaka wort ya St.
• uzani dokotala wanu ngati mwakhalapo ndi vuto la chiwindi mukamamwa phenytoin. Dokotala wanu angakuuzeni kuti musathenso kutenga phenytoin.
• Uzani dokotala wanu ngati mumamwa kapena mwakhala mukumwapo mowa wambiri. Uzani dokotala wanu ngati mwayezetsa labotale komwe akuti muli ndi chiopsezo chobadwa nacho chomwe chimakupangitsani kuti mutha kukhala ndi vuto lalikulu pakhungu ndi phenytoin. Komanso, uzani dokotala ngati mwadwalapo kapena mwakhalapo ndi matenda ashuga; porphyria (momwe zinthu zina zachilengedwe zimakhalira mthupi ndipo zimatha kupweteka m'mimba, kusintha kwamaganizidwe kapena machitidwe, kapena zizindikilo zina); osteopenia, osteomalacia, kapena kufooka kwa mafupa (zomwe mafupa amafewa kapena kuphulika ndipo amatha kuphwanya mosavuta); magulu otsika a albumin m'magazi anu; kapena matenda a mtima, impso kapena chiwindi.
• Uzani dokotala wanu ngati muli ndi pakati, konzekerani kutenga pakati, kapena mukuyamwitsa. Simuyenera kutenga pakati mukamamwa phenytoin. Lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu za njira zothandiza zolerera zomwe mungagwiritse ntchito mukamachiza. Mukakhala ndi pakati mukatenga phenytoin, itanani dokotala wanu. Phenytoin itha kuvulaza mwana wosabadwayo.
• ngati mukuchitidwa opaleshoni, kuphatikizapo opaleshoni ya mano, uzani dokotala kapena dokotala kuti mukumwa phenytoin.
• Muyenera kudziwa kuti mankhwalawa amatha kuyambitsa chizungulire, kugona, komanso mavuto chifukwa chothandizana. Osayendetsa galimoto kapena kugwiritsa ntchito makina mpaka mutadziwa momwe mankhwalawa amakukhudzirani.
• lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu zakumwa koyenera kwa mowa mukamamwa mankhwalawa.
• muyenera kudziwa kuti thanzi lanu lamisala lingasinthe m'njira zosayembekezereka ndipo mutha kudzipha (kuganiza zodzipweteka kapena kudzipha nokha kapena kukonzekera kapena kuyesa kutero) mukamamwa phenytoin. Chiwerengero chochepa cha achikulire ndi ana azaka 5 zakubadwa kapena kupitilira (pafupifupi 1 mwa anthu 500) omwe adatenga ma anticonvulsants monga phenytoin kuti athetse mavuto osiyanasiyana panthawi yamaphunziro azachipatala adadzipha panthawi yomwe amathandizidwa. Ena mwa anthuwa adayamba kudzipha sabata limodzi atayamba kumwa mankhwalawo. Pali chiopsezo kuti mutha kusintha kusintha kwaumoyo wanu ngati mutamwa mankhwala a anticonvulsant monga phenytoin, koma pakhoza kukhala pachiwopsezo kuti mungasinthe thanzi lanu lamankhwala ngati matenda anu sakuchiritsidwa. Inu ndi dokotala wanu muwona ngati kuopsa kokumwa mankhwala a anticonvulsant ndiokulirapo kuposa kuopsa kosamwa mankhwalawo. Inu, banja lanu, kapena amene amakusamalirani muyenera kuyimbira dokotala nthawi yomweyo mukakumana ndi izi: mantha; kusakhazikika kapena kusakhazikika; kukwiya kwatsopano kapena kukulira, nkhawa, kapena kukhumudwa; kuchita zofuna zawo; kuvuta kugona kapena kugona; aukali, aukali, kapena achiwawa; mania (kukwiya, kusangalala modabwitsa); kuyankhula kapena kuganiza zakufuna kudzipweteka kapena kudzipha; kudzipatula kwa abwenzi ndi abale; kutanganidwa ndi imfa ndi kufa; kupereka zinthu zamtengo wapatali; kapena kusintha kwina kulikonse pamakhalidwe kapena malingaliro. Onetsetsani kuti banja lanu kapena amene akukusamalirani akudziwa zomwe zingakhale zovuta kuti athe kuyimbira dokotala ngati mukulephera kupeza chithandizo chanokha.
• lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu za njira yabwino yosamalirira mano, m'kamwa, ndi pakamwa mukamachiza phenytoin. Ndikofunikira kuti musamalire pakamwa panu moyenera kuti muchepetse chiwopsezo cha kuwonongeka kwa chingamu chifukwa cha phenytoin.

Pokhapokha dokotala atakuwuzani zina, pitirizani kudya zomwe mumadya.

Tengani mlingo womwe mwaphonya mukangokumbukira. Komabe, ngati ili pafupi nthawi ya mlingo wotsatira, dumpha mlingo womwe umasowa ndikupitiliza dongosolo lanu lokhazikika. Musatenge mlingo wawiri kuti mupange omwe mwaphonya.

Phenytoin ingayambitse kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi anu. Lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu za zizindikiro za shuga wambiri wamagazi komanso zomwe muyenera kuchita mukakumana ndi izi.

Phenytoin imatha kuyambitsa mavuto. Uzani dokotala wanu ngati zina mwazizindikirozi ndizolimba kapena sizichoka:

• kuvuta kugona kapena kugona
• mayendedwe osalamulirika amaso
• kusuntha kwa thupi
• kutayika kwa mgwirizano
• chisokonezo
• mawu osalankhula
• mutu
• amasintha momwe mumamvera kukoma
• kudzimbidwa
• kukula kosafunika kwa tsitsi
• Kukula kwa nkhope
• kukulitsa kwa milomo
• kuchuluka kwa m'kamwa
• kupweteka kapena kupindika kwa mbolo

Zotsatira zina zoyipa zingakhale zazikulu. Ngati mukumane ndi izi kapena izi zomwe zalembedwa mgulu la ZOYENERA, itanani dokotala wanu mwachangu :.

• zotupa zotupa
• matuza
• nseru
• kusanza
• chikasu cha khungu kapena maso
• kupweteka kumtunda chakumanja kwam'mimba
• kutopa kwambiri
• kuvulaza kapena kutuluka mwachilendo
• mawanga ofiira kapena ofiirira pakhungu
• kusowa chilakolako
• zizindikiro ngati chimfine
• malungo, zilonda zapakhosi, zotupa, zilonda mkamwa, kapena mabala osavuta, kapena kutupa kwa nkhope
• chizungulire, kutopa, kugunda kwa mtima, kapena kupweteka pachifuwa
• kupuma movutikira
• ming'oma

Zotsatira zina zoyipa zingakhale zazikulu. Ngati mukukumana ndi izi, siyani kumwa phenytoin ndikuyimbira dokotala:

• kutupa kwa nkhope, maso, mmero, lilime, kapena milomo
• zovuta kumeza kapena kupuma

Phenytoin imatha kubweretsa zovuta zina. Itanani dokotala wanu ngati muli ndi zovuta zina mukamamwa mankhwalawa.

Mukakumana ndi zovuta zina, inu kapena adokotala mutha kutumiza lipoti ku pulogalamu ya Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) MedWatch Adverse Event Reporting pa intaneti (http://www.fda.gov/Safety/MedWatch) kapena pafoni ( 1-800-332-1088).

Kutenga phenytoin kumachulukitsa chiopsezo choti mudzadwala matenda a osteopenia, osteoporosis, kapena osteomalacia komanso mavuto am'mimba mwanu kuphatikiza matenda a Hodgkin's (khansa yomwe imayamba m'mitsempha). Lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu za kuopsa kogwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa pochiza matenda anu.

Sungani mankhwala awa mu chidebe chomwe chidabwera, chatsekedwa mwamphamvu, komanso chosafikira ana. Zisunge kutentha, kutali ndi kuwala ndi kutentha kwakukulu ndi chinyezi (osati kubafa). Osazizira madziwo.

Ndikofunika kuti mankhwala onse asamawonekere komanso kuti ana asamafikire ngati muli zidebe zambiri (monga mapiritsi a mlungu ndi mlungu ndi omwe amatsikira m'maso, mafuta, zigamba, ndi opumira) sizolimbana ndi ana ndipo ana aang'ono amatha kuzitsegula mosavuta. Pofuna kuteteza ana ang'ono kuti asatenge poyizoni, nthawi zonse tsekani zipewa zachitetezo ndikuyika mankhwalawo pamalo otetezeka - omwe ali pamwamba ndi kutali komanso osawonekera ndi kufikira. http://www.upandaway.org

Mankhwala osafunikira ayenera kutayidwa munjira zapadera zowonetsetsa kuti ziweto, ana, ndi anthu ena sangamwe. Komabe, simuyenera kuthira mankhwalawa mchimbudzi. M'malo mwake, njira yabwino yoperekera mankhwala anu ndikadongosolo lobwezera mankhwala. Lankhulani ndi wamankhwala wanu kapena lemberani dipatimenti yakunyumba / yobwezeretsanso kwanuko kuti muphunzire zamapulogalamu obwezeretsanso mdera lanu. Onani tsamba la FDA's Disposal of Medicines webusayiti (http://goo.gl/c4Rm4p) kuti mumve zambiri ngati mulibe pulogalamu yobwezera.

Mukadwala mopitirira muyeso, itanani foni yothandizira poyizoni pa 1-800-222-1222. Zambiri zimapezekanso pa intaneti pa https://www.poisonhelp.org/help. Ngati wozunzidwayo wagwa, watenga khunyu, akuvutika kupuma, kapena sangathe kudzutsidwa, nthawi yomweyo itanani anthu azadzidzidzi ku 911.

Zizindikiro za bongo zingaphatikizepo izi:

• mayendedwe osalamulirika amaso
• kutayika kwa mgwirizano
• mawu odekha kapena osalankhula
• kusawona bwino
• kutopa
• kugwedezeka kosalamulirika kwa gawo lina la thupi
• nseru
• kusanza
• chikomokere (kutaya chidziwitso kwakanthawi)
• chizungulire, kutopa, kugunda kwa mtima, kapena kupweteka pachifuwa
• kupuma movutikira

Sungani maimidwe onse ndi dokotala wanu ndi labotale. Dokotala wanu amatha kuyitanitsa mayeso ena a labu kuti muwone kuyankha kwanu ku phenytoin.

Musanayezetsedwe kwa labotale, uzani adotolo ndi omwe akuwagwiritsa ntchito kuti mukumwa phenytoin.

Musalole kuti aliyense azimwa mankhwala anu. Funsani wamankhwala wanu mafunso aliwonse omwe muli nawo okhudzana ndi kudzaza mankhwala anu.

Ndikofunika kuti musunge mndandanda wamankhwala onse omwe mumalandira komanso osalembetsa (owerengera) omwe mukumwa, komanso zinthu zilizonse monga mavitamini, michere, kapena zakudya zina. Muyenera kubwera nawo pamndandandawu nthawi iliyonse mukapita kukaonana ndi dokotala kapena ngati mwalandiridwa kuchipatala. Ndikofunikanso kuthana nanu pakagwa mwadzidzidzi.

• Zamgululi^®
• Phenytek^®