Matenda Oopsa a Myeloid Leukemia (AML)

Zamkati

• Kodi zizindikiro za AML ndi ziti?
• Kodi chimayambitsa AML ndi chiyani?
• Kodi chimayambitsa chiopsezo cha AML?
• Kodi AML imagawidwa bwanji?
• Kodi AML imapezeka bwanji?
• Kodi njira zamankhwala ndi AML ndi ziti?
• Mankhwala ochotsera kukhululukidwa
• Mankhwala ophatikiza
• Zomwe zikuyembekezeka kwa nthawi yayitali kwa anthu omwe ali ndi AML?
• Kodi mungapewe bwanji AML?

Kodi acute myeloid leukemia (AML) ndi chiyani?

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) ndi khansa yomwe imapezeka m'magazi anu ndi m'mafupa.

AML imakhudza makamaka ma cell oyera (WBCs) amthupi mwanu, kuwapangitsa kuti apange mosavomerezeka. Mu khansa yayikulu, kuchuluka kwa maselo osazolowereka kumakula mwachangu.

Vutoli limadziwikanso ndi mayina otsatirawa:

• pachimake myelocytic khansa ya m'magazi
• pachimake myelogenous khansa ya m'magazi
• pachimake granulocytic khansa ya m'magazi
• pachimake sanali lymphocytic khansa

Pali milandu 19,520 yatsopano ya AML chaka chilichonse ku United States, malinga ndi National Cancer Institute (NCI).

Kodi zizindikiro za AML ndi ziti?

Kumayambiriro kwake, zizindikiro za AML zitha kufanana ndi chimfine ndipo mutha kukhala ndi malungo komanso kutopa.

Zizindikiro zina zitha kuphatikiza:

• kupweteka kwa mafupa
• Kutuluka magazi pafupipafupi
• kutuluka magazi ndi m'kamwa
• kuvulaza kosavuta
• thukuta kwambiri (makamaka usiku)
• kupuma movutikira
• kuonda kosadziwika
• cholemera kuposa nthawi yanthawi zonse mwa akazi

Kodi chimayambitsa AML ndi chiyani?

AML imayambitsidwa ndi zovuta mu DNA zomwe zimayang'anira kukula kwa maselo m'mafupa anu.

Ngati muli ndi AML, mafupa anu amapanga ma WBC ambiri omwe sanakhwime. Maselo achilendowa pamapeto pake amakhala ma Levmic omwe amatchedwa myeloblasts.

Maselo achilendowa amamanga ndikusintha maselo athanzi. Izi zimapangitsa kuti mafupa anu asiye kugwira bwino ntchito, ndikupangitsa kuti thupi lanu likhale ndi matenda.

Sizikudziwika bwinobwino zomwe zimayambitsa kusintha kwa DNA. Madokotala ena amakhulupirira kuti mwina zimakhudzana ndi kupezeka kwa mankhwala enaake, radiation, ngakhale mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chemotherapy.

Kodi chimayambitsa chiopsezo cha AML?

Chiopsezo chanu chokhala ndi AML chikuwonjezeka ndi zaka. Zaka zapakati pa munthu yemwe amapezeka ndi AML ndi pafupifupi 68, ndipo vutoli simawoneka kawirikawiri mwa ana.

AML imadziwikanso kwambiri mwa amuna kuposa akazi, ngakhale imakhudza anyamata ndi atsikana mofanana.

Kusuta ndudu kumaganiziridwa kuti kumawonjezera chiopsezo chanu chokhala ndi AML. Ngati mumagwira ntchito m'makampani omwe mwina mumakumana ndi mankhwala monga benzene, mulinso pachiwopsezo chachikulu.

Chiwopsezo chanu chimakweranso ngati muli ndi vuto lamagazi monga myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) kapena matenda amtundu monga Down syndrome.

Zowopsa izi sizikutanthauza kuti mudzakhala ndi AML. Nthawi yomweyo, ndizotheka kuti mupange AML popanda kukhala ndi zoopsa izi.

Kodi AML imagawidwa bwanji?

Gulu la World Health Organisation (WHO) limaphatikizapo magulu osiyanasiyana a AML:

• AML yokhala ndi zovuta zabwinobadwa, monga kusintha kwa chromosomal
• AML yokhala ndi zosintha zokhudzana ndi myelodysplasia
• zotupa za myeloid zokhudzana ndi mankhwala, zomwe zimatha kuyambitsidwa ndi radiation kapena chemotherapy
• AML, osanenedwa mwanjira ina
• myeloid sarcoma
• kufalikira kwa myeloid kwa Down syndrome
• khansa ya m'magazi yovuta kwambiri

Mitundu ya AML imapezekanso m'maguluwa. Mayina amtunduwu amatha kuwonetsa kusintha kwa chromosomal kapena kusintha kwa majini komwe kudapangitsa AML.

Chitsanzo chimodzi ndi AML yokhala ndi t (8; 21), pomwe kusintha kumachitika pakati pama chromosomes 8 ndi 21.

Mosiyana ndi khansa zina zambiri, AML siyigawidwe m'magawo amtundu wa khansa.

Kodi AML imapezeka bwanji?

Dokotala wanu adzakuyesani ndikuyang'ana ngati mukutupa chiwindi, ma lymph node, ndi ndulu. Dokotala wanu amathanso kuyitanitsa mayeso amwazi kuti muwone kuchepa kwa magazi komanso kuti mudziwe kuchuluka kwanu kwa WBC.

Ngakhale kuyezetsa magazi kumatha kuthandiza dokotala kudziwa ngati pali vuto, kuyesa kwa mafupa kapena biopsy ndikofunikira kuti mupeze AML motsimikiza.

Chitsanzo cha mafupa amatengedwa poyika singano yayitali m'chiuno mwanu. Nthawi zina chifuwa cha bere ndimalo omwe amawunikira. Chitsanzocho chimatumizidwa ku labu kukayezetsa.

Dokotala wanu amathanso kupopera pamtsempha, kapena kuboola lumbar, komwe kumakhudza kutulutsa kwamadzi msana wanu ndi singano yaying'ono. Madzimadzi amayang'anitsitsa kupezeka kwa maselo a leukemia.

Kodi njira zamankhwala ndi AML ndi ziti?

Chithandizo cha AML chimaphatikizapo magawo awiri:

Mankhwala ochotsera kukhululukidwa

Chithandizo chokhululukirana chimagwiritsa ntchito chemotherapy kupha ma cell a leukemia omwe ali mthupi lanu.

Anthu ambiri amakhala mchipatala akamalandira chithandizo chifukwa chemotherapy imapheranso maselo athanzi, zomwe zimawonjezera chiopsezo chotenga kachilombo komanso kutuluka magazi mosazolowereka.

M'njira yosawerengeka ya AML yotchedwa acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), mankhwala opatsirana khansa monga arsenic trioxide kapena all-trans retinoic acid atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuthana ndi kusintha kwa maselo amitsempha yamagazi. Mankhwalawa amapha maselo a khansa ya m'magazi ndikuletsa maselo osagawanika kugawikana.

Mankhwala ophatikiza

Chithandizo chophatikiza, chomwe chimadziwikanso kuti chithandizo chotsatira kukhululuka, ndichofunikira kwambiri kuti AML ikhululukidwe ndikupewa kuyambiranso. Cholinga chophatikiza ndi kuwononga maselo otsala a khansa ya m'magazi.

Mungafune kusungidwa kwa tsinde kuti muphatikize kuphatikiza. Maselo ophatikizira nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthandiza thupi lanu kupanga maselo am'mafupa atsopano komanso athanzi.

Maselo amtunduwu amatha kubwera kuchokera kwa wopereka. Ngati mudakhalapo ndi khansa ya m'magazi yomwe idayamba kukhululukidwa, dokotala wanu atha kuchotsa ndikusunga ena mwa masamba anu a tsinde kuti adzaikidwe mtsogolo, kotchedwa autologous stem cell transplant.

Kupeza tsinde kuchokera kwa woperekayo kuli ndi zoopsa zambiri kuposa kupatsidwa zina ndi maselo anu. Kuika kwa maselo anu a tsinde, komabe, kumaphatikizapo chiopsezo chachikulu chobwereranso chifukwa maselo ena akale a khansa amatha kupezeka muzitsanzo zomwe zimachotsedwa m'thupi lanu.

Zomwe zikuyembekezeka kwa nthawi yayitali kwa anthu omwe ali ndi AML?

Zikafika pamitundu yambiri ya AML, pafupifupi magawo awiri mwa atatu mwa anthu amatha kukhululukidwa, malinga ndi American Cancer Society (ACS).

Mtengo wokhululukirako ukukwera mpaka 90% kwa anthu omwe ali ndi APL. Kukhululukidwa kumadalira pazinthu zosiyanasiyana, monga zaka za munthu.

Kuchuluka kwa zaka zisanu kwa anthu aku America omwe ali ndi AML ndi 27.4%. Zaka zisanu zapakati pa ana omwe ali ndi AML zili pakati pa 60 ndi 70%.

Ndi kuzindikira koyambirira ndi chithandizo chofulumira, chikhululukiro chimakhala chotheka kwa anthu ambiri. Zizindikiro zonse za AML zitasowa, mumayesedwa kuti ndinu okhululuka. Ngati mukukhululukidwa kwa zaka zopitilira zisanu, mumawerengedwa kuti mwachiritsidwa ndi AML.

Mukawona kuti muli ndi zizindikiro za AML, konzani zokambirana ndi dokotala kuti mukakambirane. Muyeneranso kupeza chithandizo chamankhwala mwachangu ngati muli ndi zizindikiro zilizonse zatenda kapena kutentha thupi kosalekeza.

Kodi mungapewe bwanji AML?

Ngati mumagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala owopsa kapena ma radiation, onetsetsani kuti muvale chilichonse chomwe mungapeze kuti muchepetse kuwonekera kwanu.

Nthawi zonse muziwona dokotala ngati muli ndi zizindikiro zomwe mumakhudzidwa nazo.