Mitengo Yopulumuka ndi Chiyembekezo cha Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)

Zamkati

• Kodi mitengo ya AML ndi yotani?
• Ana omwe ali ndi AML
• Kodi ndi zinthu ziti zomwe zimakhudza kupulumuka?
• Kodi zaka zimakhudza bwanji kupulumuka?
• Kodi mtundu wa AML umakhudza bwanji kupulumuka?
• Kodi kuyankha kwamankhwala kumakhudza bwanji kuchuluka kwa moyo?
• Kodi munthu angapeze bwanji thandizo?
• Funsani mafunso
• Pezani mabungwe omwe amapereka chithandizo
• Lowani nawo gulu lothandizira
• Pezani abwenzi ndi abale
• Pezani njira zosangalatsa zothanirana ndi nkhawa

Kodi acute myeloid leukemia (AML) ndi chiyani?

Acute myeloid leukemia, kapena AML, ndi mtundu wa khansa yomwe imakhudza mafupa ndi magazi. Amadziwika ndi mayina osiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza pachimake cha myelogenous leukemia ndi pachimake non-lymphocytic leukemia. AML ndi mtundu wachiwiri wofala kwambiri wa khansa ya m'magazi mwa akuluakulu.

Madokotala amatcha AML "pachimake" chifukwa vutoli limatha kupita patsogolo mwachangu. Mawu akuti "leukemia" amatanthauza khansa ya m'mafupa ndi maselo amwazi. Mawu akuti myeloid, kapena myelogenous, amatanthauza mtundu wamtundu womwe umakhudza.

Maselo a myeloid amatsogolera maselo ena amwazi. Nthawi zambiri maselowa amakula kukhala maselo ofiira (RBCs), ma platelets, ndi mitundu yapadera yama cell oyera (WBCs). Koma mu AML, sangathe kukula bwinobwino.

Munthu akakhala ndi AML, maselo awo a myeloid amasintha ndikupanga kuphulika kwa leukemic. Maselowa sagwira ntchito ngati ma cell wamba. Amathandiza kuti thupi lisapange maselo abwinobwino, athanzi.

Potsirizira pake, munthu amayamba kusowa ma RBC omwe amanyamula mpweya, ma platelets omwe amateteza magazi mosavuta, komanso ma WBC omwe amateteza thupi kumatenda. Izi ndichifukwa choti thupi lawo limatanganidwa kwambiri ndikupanga maselo ophulika a leukemic.

Zotsatira zake zitha kukhala zakupha. Komabe, kwa anthu ambiri, AML ndi matenda ochiritsika.

Kodi mitengo ya AML ndi yotani?

Kupita patsogolo kwa chithandizo cha khansa komanso kumvetsetsa kwa madotolo kumatanthauza kuti anthu ambiri amapulumuka matendawa chaka chilichonse.

Chaka chilichonse madokotala amatenga anthu pafupifupi 19,520 ku United States omwe ali ndi AML. Akuti pafupifupi 10,670 amafa chaka chilichonse chifukwa cha matendawa.

Anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi AML amalandira mankhwala a chemotherapy. Mankhwalawa amapha mwachangu magawo omwe amagawa, monga khansa. Chemotherapy imatha kubweretsa kukhululukidwa, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti munthu alibe zizindikilo za matendawa ndipo kuchuluka kwake kwama cell amwazi kumakhala koyenera.

Pafupifupi 90 peresenti ya anthu omwe ali ndi mtundu wa AML wotchedwa acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) apita kukhululukidwa pambuyo "pobwezeretsa" (kuzungulira koyamba) kwa chemo. Izi zili choncho ndi bungwe la American Cancer Society (ACS). Kwa mitundu ina yambiri ya AML, kuchuluka kwa chikhululukiro kuli pafupifupi 67 peresenti.

Omwe ali ndi zaka zopitilira 60 samayankhiranso chithandizo chamankhwala, ndipo pafupifupi theka la iwo amapita kukakhululukidwa atalembedwa.

Anthu ena omwe amapita kukhululukidwa amakhalabe okhululukidwa. Komabe, kwa ambiri, AML imatha kubwerera pakapita nthawi.

Zaka zisanu zapakati pa AML ndi 27.4 peresenti, malinga ndi National Cancer Institute (NCI). Izi zikutanthauza kuti mwa anthu masauzande ambiri aku America omwe ali ndi AML, pafupifupi 27.4% akukhalabe zaka zisanu atapezeka ndi matendawa.

Ana omwe ali ndi AML

Mwambiri, ana omwe ali ndi AML amawoneka kuti ali pachiwopsezo chochepa kuposa achikulire. Pafupifupi 85 mpaka 90% ya ana omwe ali ndi AML apita kukakhululukidwa atalembedwa, malinga ndi American Cancer Society. AML ibwerera nthawi zina.

Zaka zisanu-kupulumuka kwa ana omwe ali ndi AML ndi 60 mpaka 70%.

Kodi ndi zinthu ziti zomwe zimakhudza kupulumuka?

Malingaliro ndi malingaliro a AML amasiyanasiyana kwambiri. Madokotala amaganizira zinthu zambiri akamapatsa munthu zamatsenga, monga zaka za munthu kapena mtundu wa AML.

Zambiri zimakhazikitsidwa potengera kusanthula kwa magazi, maphunziro oyerekeza, kuyesa kwa cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), komanso ma biopsies am'mafupa.

Anthu ena omwe ali ndi vuto lodana ndi moyo amakhala zaka zambiri kuposa momwe dokotala amaloserera pomwe ena sangakhale moyo wautali.

Kodi zaka zimakhudza bwanji kupulumuka?

Zaka zapakatikati za munthu yemwe amapezeka ndi AML ndi zaka 68.

Ukalamba ukhoza kukhala chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pakudziwitsa kuyankha kwamankhwala a AML. Madokotala amadziwa kuti kupulumuka kwa omwe amapezeka ndi AML ndikulonjeza kwambiri kwa anthu omwe sanakwanitse zaka 60.

Izi zitha kukhala pazifukwa zingapo. Anthu ena okalamba kuposa zaka 60 atha kukhala ndi matenda osadwala kapena mwina sangakhale ndi thanzi labwino. Izi zitha kupangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuti matupi awo azitha kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala amphamvu a chemotherapy ndi mankhwala ena a khansa omwe amathandizidwa ndi AML.

Komanso, achikulire ambiri omwe ali ndi AML samalandira chithandizo cha vutoli.

Kafukufuku wa 2015 adapeza kuti 40% yokha ya anthu 66 ndi kupitilira amalandila chemotherapy mkati mwa miyezi itatu atazindikira. Ngakhale kusiyana kwa mayankho amankhwala pakati pamagulu osiyanasiyana (kapena magulu), ziwerengero za anthu omwe ali ndi zaka zapakati pa 65 ndi 74 zakula pazaka makumi atatu zapitazi, malinga ndi kafukufuku wa 2011.

Kodi mtundu wa AML umakhudza bwanji kupulumuka?

Madokotala nthawi zambiri amasankha mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya AML ndimaselo awo. Mitundu ina yamasinthidwe amaselo amadziwika kuti amamvera kwambiri mankhwala. Zitsanzo zimasinthidwa ma CEBPA komanso inv (16) maselo a CBFB-MYH11.

Maselo ena amatha kukhala osagwira mankhwala. Zitsanzo ndi del (5q) ndi inv (3) RPN1-EVI1. Katswiri wanu wa oncologist angakuuzeni mtundu wamtundu wanji wama cell omwe mungakhale nawo.

Kodi kuyankha kwamankhwala kumakhudza bwanji kuchuluka kwa moyo?

Anthu ena amalandira chithandizo chabwinoko kuposa ena. Ngati munthu alandila chithandizo cha chemotherapy ndipo khansa yake siyibwereranso pasanathe zaka zisanu, nthawi zambiri amamuona kuti wachiritsidwa.

Ngati khansara ya munthu ibwerera kapena sakuyankha kuchipatala konse, zotsatira zake sizabwino.

Kodi munthu angapeze bwanji thandizo?

Mosasamala kanthu za kufalikira, matenda a AML amatha kupanga mantha, nkhawa, komanso kusatsimikizika. Mwina simukudziwa komwe mungapeze kapena kupeza chithandizo.

Kuzindikira khansa kumakupatsani mwayi woti mukhale pafupi ndi omwe ali pafupi nanu ndikuyesa momwe mungakhalire moyo womwe mumakonda.

Nawa maupangiri angapo okuthandizani kuthana ndi matendawa.

Funsani mafunso

Ndikofunika kuti mumvetsetse vuto lanu. Ngati pali china chomwe simukudziwa chokhudzana ndi matenda anu, chithandizo, kapena matenda opatsirana, funsani dokotala wanu.

Zitsanzo za mafunso omwe mungafunse ndi monga "Kodi njira zanga zothandizira ndi ziti?" ndipo "Ndingatani kuti ndipewe AML kuti ibwerere?"

Pezani mabungwe omwe amapereka chithandizo

Mabungwe monga American Cancer Society (ACS) amapereka ntchito zingapo zothandizira.

Izi zikuphatikizapo kukonzekera kukwera kuchipatala ndikukuthandizani kupeza anthu othandizira, monga odyetsa zakudya kapena ogwira nawo ntchito.

Lowani nawo gulu lothandizira

Magulu othandizira ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yokumana ndi anthu omwe akukumana ndi zotere monga inu. Kuwona kupambana ndi malingaliro a ena kungakuthandizeni kudziwa kuti simuli nokha.

Kuphatikiza pazinthu monga ACS ndi LLS, oncologist wanu kapena chipatala chakwanuko atha kupereka magulu othandizira.

Pezani abwenzi ndi abale

Anzanu ambiri ndi abale anu adzafuna kuthandiza. Aloleni iwo apereke chakudya kudzera muutumiki monga Chakudya Chakudya kapena ingomverani zovuta zanu. Kulankhula momasuka ndi ena kungakuthandizeni kukhala ndi malingaliro abwino.

Pezani njira zosangalatsa zothanirana ndi nkhawa

Pali malo ogulitsira ambiri kuti muchepetse nkhawa komanso nkhawa pamoyo wanu. Kusinkhasinkha kapena kusunga zolemba kapena blog ndi zitsanzo zochepa. Kuphatikiza apo, amawononga ndalama zochepa kwambiri kuti azitsatira.

Kupeza malo omwe mumakonda kwambiri kumatha kuchita zodabwitsa pamalingaliro anu ndi mzimu wanu.