Pituitary adenoma: ndi chiyani, zomwe zimayambitsa ndi chithandizo

Zamkati

• Zizindikiro zazikulu
• 1. Lactotrophic adenoma
• 2. Somatotrophic adenoma
• 3. Corticotrophic adenoma
• 4. Gonadotrophic adenoma
• 5. Thyrotrophic adenoma
• 6. Osasunga adenoma
• Zimayambitsa pituitary adenoma
• Momwe mungatsimikizire matendawa
• Momwe mankhwalawa amachitikira
• Opaleshoni
• Mankhwala

Pituitary adenoma, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti pituitary adenoma, ndi mtundu wa chotupa chotupa cha pituitary, chomwe ndi gland chomwe chili muubongo ndipo chimayang'anira kuyang'anira kutulutsa kwa mahomoni monga cortisol, prolactin, mahomoni okula komanso mahomoni omwe amalimbikitsanso mazira ndi machende , Mwachitsanzo.

Chotupachi sichimapezeka ndipo, chifukwa ndichabwino, sichimaika moyo pachiwopsezo, komabe chimatha kuyambitsa zizindikilo zomwe zimachepetsa moyo monga kusabereka, kuchepa kwa libido, kapangidwe ka mkaka kapena matenda amitsempha monga kupweteka kwa mutu kapena kutaya pang'ono masomphenya.

Nthawi zonse pakawoneka zizindikilo zomwe zingawonetse adenoma pamatenda am'mimba, ndikofunikira kukaonana ndi katswiri wazamankhwala, wamankhwala kapena oncologist kuti mukayesedwe, kuti muzindikire vutoli ndikuyambitsa chithandizo choyenera kwambiri.

Zizindikiro zazikulu

Nthawi zambiri, zizindikiro zodziwika bwino za pituitary adenoma ndimutu, kuchepa kwa masomphenya, kuchepa kwa chilakolako chogonana komanso kusintha kwa msambo mwa amayi.

Komabe, pali zizindikilo zina zomwe zitha kuwoneka ndipo zimasiyana malinga ndi mtundu wa mahomoni omwe adakhudzidwa ndi adenoma:

1. Lactotrophic adenoma

Lactotrophic pituitary adenoma imadziwika ndi hyperprolactinemia, yomwe ndi kuwonjezeka kwa hormone prolactin, yomwe imayambitsa mkaka. Mu mtundu uwu wa adenoma chizindikiro chachikulu ndikupanga mkaka m'mabere a abambo kapena amayi omwe sakuyamwitsa.

Kuphatikiza apo, zina zomwe zitha kuchitika ndikuchepetsa chilakolako chogonana, kusabereka, kusintha kwa msambo kapena kusabereka mwa abambo.

2. Somatotrophic adenoma

Somatotrophic pituitary adenoma imadziwika ndikukula kwa mahomoni okula ndipo imatha kukulitsa kukula ndi makulidwe azala zala ndi zala, kuphatikiza pakukula pamphumi, nsagwada ndi mphuno zomwe zimasintha mawonekedwe a nkhope. Vutoli limadziwika kuti acromegaly, mwa akulu, kapena gigantism, mwa ana.

Kuphatikiza apo, zizindikilo zina zomwe zimatha kupezeka zimaphatikizapo kupweteka kwamalumikizidwe, kufooka kwa minofu, kuchepa kwa chilakolako chogonana, kusintha kwa msambo, kuchuluka kwa thukuta kapena kutopa.

3. Corticotrophic adenoma

Corticotrophic pituitary adenoma ikukhudzana ndi kuchuluka kwa mahomoni otchedwa cortisol, omwe amachititsa kuti magazi azikhala ndi magazi ambiri komanso kuti mafuta azikhala m'matumba ndi ziwalo.

Nthawi zambiri, mtundu uwu wa pituitary adenoma umatha kuyambitsa matenda a Cushing omwe amachititsa kuti thupi likule mofulumira, kudzikundikira mafuta kumaso ndi kumbuyo, kufooka kwa minofu, tsitsi m'makutu ndi mavuto akhungu monga ziphuphu komanso kuchiritsa, mwachitsanzo.

Kuphatikiza apo, mtundu uwu wa pituitary adenoma ungayambitse kukhumudwa komanso kusinthasintha kwamaganizidwe.

4. Gonadotrophic adenoma

Gonadotrophic pituitary adenoma ndi yokhudzana ndi kuchuluka kwa mahomoni omwe amaletsa kutulutsa mazira mwa akazi ndi umuna mwa amuna. Komabe, mtundu wa pituitary adenoma ulibe zisonyezo zenizeni.

5. Thyrotrophic adenoma

Thyrotrophic adenoma ndi mtundu wa pituitary adenoma momwe kuwonjezeka pakupanga mahomoni a chithokomiro omwe angayambitse hyperthyroidism. Zizindikiro zamtunduwu wa pituitary adenoma zimaphatikizapo kugunda kwamtima, mantha, kusakhazikika, kuwonda, kugwedezeka kapena kuyerekezera kwa diso, mwachitsanzo.

6. Osasunga adenoma

Non-secretory pituitary adenoma ndi mtundu wa pituitary adenoma womwe sungasokoneze kupanga kwa mahomoni, sikuyambitsa kuchuluka kwa mahomoni ndipo nthawi zambiri sikuwonetsa zisonyezo. Komabe, ngati adenoma ikupitilira kukula, imatha kuyika pituitary gland ndikupangitsa kusintha kwa mahomoni.

Zimayambitsa pituitary adenoma

Zomwe zimayambitsa pituitary adenoma sizikudziwika, komabe kafukufuku wina akuwonetsa kuti chotupachi chitha kuchitika chifukwa cha kusintha kwa DNA yama cell kapena anthu omwe ali ndi zoopsa zina monga:

• Angapo endocrine neoplasia: Matendawa ndi matenda obadwa nawo omwe amabwera chifukwa cha kusintha kwa DNA komwe kumayambitsa chotupa kapena kukula kwamatenda osiyanasiyana mthupi, kuphatikizapo matenda am'mimba, omwe angapangitse ngozi ya pituitary adenoma;
• Matenda a McCune-Albright: matenda achilendowa amapezeka chifukwa cha kusintha kwa DNA ndipo amatha kuyambitsa kusintha kwa mahomoni amtundu wa pituitary ndipo, kuphatikiza pamavuto m'mafupa ndi pakhungu;
• Zovuta za Carney: ndimatenda osowa amtundu wamtundu omwe amatha kuyambitsa pituitary adenoma ndi mitundu ina ya khansa yokhudzana ndi prostate kapena chithokomiro ndi zotupa m'mimba.

Kuphatikiza apo, kutulutsa kwa radiation kumawonjezera chiopsezo cha kusintha kwa DNA komanso kukula kwa pituitary adenoma.

Momwe mungatsimikizire matendawa

Kuzindikira kwa pituitary adenoma kumapangidwa ndi katswiri wamaubongo kapena oncologist malingana ndi zizindikilo ndi kuyesa kwa labotale kuti athe kupenda milingo ya mahomoni ndikuphatikizira:

• Cortisol mu mkodzo, malovu kapena magazi;
• Mahomoni otchedwa Luteotrophic hormone ndi follicle opatsa mphamvu m'magazi;
• Mapuloteni m'magazi;
• Mpweya wokhotakhota;
• Mahomoni a chithokomiro monga TSH, T3 ndi T4 m'magazi.

Kuphatikiza apo, kuti atsimikizire kuti ali ndi vutoli, adokotala atha kupempha MRI ya pituitary gland.

Momwe mankhwalawa amachitikira

Chithandizo cha pituitary adenoma chitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mankhwala kapena opaleshoni ndipo zimatengera mtundu wa adenoma komanso kukula kwa chotupacho:

Opaleshoni

Kuchita opaleshoni kumawonetsedwa ngati pituitary adenoma siyachinsinsi komanso yoposa 1 cm. Kuphatikiza apo, pankhaniyi chithandizo chamankhwala chimangowonetsedwa ngati chizindikiro cha kutayika kapena kusintha kwamasomphenya kumachitika.

Ngati chotupa chosakhala chachinsinsi chimakhala chochepera 1 cm kapena sichikhala ndi zizindikilo, chithandizo chimachitika ndikuwunika kwanthawi zonse kuchipatala komanso kujambula kwa maginito kuti muwone kukula kwa chotupacho pakapita nthawi. ngati ndi kotheka, adokotala amalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala kapena opaleshoni.

Kuphatikiza apo, pituitary adenomas momwe mahomoni okula kapena kusintha kwa cortisol amasinthira, kuchitidwanso opaleshoni, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala.

Mankhwala

Mankhwala omwe amachiza adenoma amasiyana ndi mtundu wa adenoma ndipo amaphatikizapo:

• Pegvisomanto, octreotide kapena lanreotide: asonyeza somatotrophic adenoma;
• Ketoconazole kapena mitotane: akuwonetsa corticotrophic adenoma;
• Cabergoline kapena bromocriptine: akusonyeza lactotrophic adenoma.

Kuphatikiza apo, adotolo amalimbikitsa ma radiotherapy pakakhala somatotrophic kapena corticotrophic adenoma.