Chialubino

Zamkati

• Albino ndi chiyani?
• Kodi mitundu ya alubino ndi yotani?
• Oculocutaneous albinism (OCA)
• OCA1
• OCA2
• OCA3
• OCA4
• Alubino amaso
• Matenda a Hermansky-Pudlak
• Matenda a Chediak-Higashi
• Matenda a Griscelli
• Kodi chimayambitsa albino ndi chiyani?
• Ndani ali pachiopsezo chokhala alubino?
• Kodi zizindikiro za ualubino ndi ziti?
• Kodi albinism imapezeka bwanji?
• Kodi mankhwala a albinism ndi ati?
• Kodi malingaliro akutali ndi otani?

Albino ndi chiyani?

Chialubino ndi gulu losowa kwambiri lomwe limapangitsa khungu, tsitsi, kapena maso kukhala opanda mtundu kapena wopanda mtundu. Kukhala alubino kumayanjananso ndi mavuto amaso. Malinga ndi National Organisation for Albinism and Hypopigmentation, pafupifupi munthu m'modzi mwa anthu 18,000 mpaka 20,000 ku United States ali ndi mtundu wa alubino.

Kodi mitundu ya alubino ndi yotani?

Matenda amtundu wosiyanasiyana amadziwika ndi mitundu yambiri ya maalubino. Alubino ndi awa:

Oculocutaneous albinism (OCA)

OCA imakhudza khungu, tsitsi, ndi maso. Pali mitundu ingapo ya OCA:

OCA1

OCA1 imachitika chifukwa cha vuto la enzyme ya tyrosinase. Pali magawo awiri a OCA1:

• OCA1a. Anthu omwe ali ndi OCA1a alibe melanin. Uwu ndiye mtundu womwe umapatsa khungu, maso, ndi tsitsi utoto wawo. Anthu omwe ali ndi kachidutswa kameneka ali ndi tsitsi loyera, khungu loyera kwambiri, ndi maso owala.
• OCA1b. Anthu omwe ali ndi OCA1b amapanga melanin. Ali ndi khungu loyera, tsitsi, ndi maso. Mitundu yawo imatha kuwonjezeka akamakalamba.

OCA2

OCA2 ndi yocheperako poyerekeza ndi OCA1. Ndi chifukwa cha chilema mumtundu wa OCA2 chomwe chimapangitsa kuchepa kwa melanin. Anthu omwe ali ndi OCA2 amabadwa ndi mitundu yowala komanso khungu. Tsitsi lawo limakhala lachikasu, lofiirira, kapena lofiirira. OCA2 imafala kwambiri pakati pa anthu ochokera ku Africa komanso Amwenye Achimereka.

OCA3

OCA3 ndi chilema mumtundu wa TYRP1. Nthawi zambiri zimakhudza anthu omwe ali ndi khungu lakuda, makamaka akuda aku South Africa. Anthu omwe ali ndi OCA3 ali ndi khungu lofiirira, tsitsi lofiira, ndi maso a hazel kapena abulauni.

OCA4

OCA4 imabwera chifukwa cha vuto mu puloteni ya SLC45A2. Zimapangitsa kuti pakhale melanin yocheperako ndipo imawonekera kwambiri mwa anthu ochokera ku East Asia. Anthu omwe ali ndi OCA4 ali ndi zizindikiro zofanana ndi za anthu omwe ali ndi OCA2.

Alubino amaso

Ocular albinism ndi chifukwa cha kusintha kwa majini pa X chromosome ndipo imachitika makamaka mwa amuna. Mtundu wa chialubino umangokhudza maso. Anthu omwe ali ndi mtundu wotere amakhala ndi tsitsi, khungu, ndi utoto wabwinobwino, koma alibe utoto m'maso (kumbuyo kwa diso).

Matenda a Hermansky-Pudlak

Matendawa ndi mtundu wachialubino wosowa kwambiri chifukwa cha vuto m'modzi mwa majini asanu ndi atatu. Zimapanga zizindikiro zofanana ndi OCA. Matendawa amapezeka ndimapapu, matumbo, komanso kutaya magazi.

Matenda a Chediak-Higashi

Matenda a Chediak-Higashi ndi mtundu wina wosowa wachialubino womwe umabwera chifukwa chofooka mumtundu wa LYST. Zimapanga zizindikiro zofanana ndi OCA, koma sizingakhudze madera onse akhungu. Tsitsi nthawi zambiri limakhala lofiirira kapena lofiirira. Khungu nthawi zambiri limakhala loyera mpaka laimvi. Anthu omwe ali ndi vutoli ali ndi vuto m'maselo oyera, zomwe zimawonjezera chiopsezo chotenga matenda.

Matenda a Griscelli

Matenda a Griscelli ndimatenda achilendo kwambiri. Ndi chifukwa cha vuto m'modzi mwa majini atatu. Pakhala pali matendawa padziko lonse lapansi kuyambira 1978. Amayamba ndi maalubino (koma sangakhudze thupi lonse), mavuto amthupi, mavuto amitsempha. Matenda a Griscelli nthawi zambiri amabweretsa imfa m'zaka khumi zoyambirira za moyo.

Kodi chimayambitsa albino ndi chiyani?

Chilema chimodzi mwa majini angapo omwe amapanga kapena kufalitsa khansa ya khansa imayambitsa albinism. Vutoli limatha kubweretsa kusowa kwa melanin, kapena kuchuluka kwa melanin. Jini losalongosoka limachokera kwa makolo onse kupita kwa mwanayo ndipo limayambitsa albino.

Ndani ali pachiopsezo chokhala alubino?

Albino ndi vuto lobadwa nalo lomwe limakhalapo pakubadwa. Ana ali pachiwopsezo chobadwa ndi alubino ngati ali ndi makolo achialubino, kapena makolo omwe ali ndi jini ya ualubino.

Kodi zizindikiro za ualubino ndi ziti?

Anthu omwe ndi alubino adzakhala ndi zizindikiro izi:

• kusowa mtundu watsitsi, khungu, kapena maso
• opepuka kuposa utoto wabwinobwino wa tsitsi, khungu, kapena maso
• zigamba za khungu lomwe lilibe mtundu

Chialubino chimachitika ndimavuto, omwe atha kukhala:

• strabismus (maso owoloka)
• photophobia (kuzindikira kuwala)
• nystagmus (kuyenda mosafulumira kwa diso)
• Kulephera kuwona kapena khungu
• astigmatism

Kodi albinism imapezeka bwanji?

Njira yolondola kwambiri yozindikirira kuti ndi alubino ndi kudzera mu kuyesa kwa majini kuti mupeze majini olakwika okhudzana ndi alubino. Njira zochepa zodziwira alubino zimaphatikizapo kuyezetsa zizindikiro za dokotala kapena kuyesa kwa electroretinogram. Kuyesaku kumayesa mayankho am'maselo osazindikira kuwala kuti awulule mavuto amaso okhudzana ndi albinism.

Kodi mankhwala a albinism ndi ati?

Palibe mankhwala a alubino. Komabe, chithandizo chitha kuthana ndi zizindikiro komanso kupewa kuwonongeka kwa dzuwa. Chithandizo chingaphatikizepo:

• magalasi oteteza maso ku kuwala kwa dzuwa (UV)
• zovala zoteteza komanso zoteteza ku dzuwa kuteteza khungu ku cheza cha UV
• Magalasi oyang'anira mankhwala kuti athetse mavuto amaso
• Kuchita opaleshoni ya minofu ya maso kuti akonze mayendedwe achilendo

Kodi malingaliro akutali ndi otani?

Maalubino ambiri samakhudza moyo wautali. Matenda a Hermansky-Pudlak, matenda a Chediak-Higashi, ndi matenda a Griscelli amakhudza kutalika kwa moyo, komabe. Izi ndichifukwa cha zovuta zamatenda zomwe zimayenderana ndi ma syndromes.

Anthu achialubino amafunika kuchepetsa zochita zawo zakunja chifukwa khungu lawo ndi maso awo amazindikira dzuwa. Kuwala kwa dzuwa kochokera padzuwa kumatha kuyambitsa khansa yapakhungu ndikuwonongeka m'maso mwa anthu ena omwe ndi alubino.