Momwe opaleshoni imagwirira ntchito komanso zoopsa zake ndi ziti

Zamkati

• Mitundu yayikulu ya anesthesia wamba
• 1. Kupuma mpweya
• 2. Anesthesia kudzera mumitsempha
• Anesthesia amatha nthawi yayitali bwanji
• Zovuta zotheka

Mankhwala oletsa ululu ambiri amagwira ntchito pomukhazika mtima pansi munthu, kotero kuti chidwi cha thupi, chidwi ndi malingaliro ake zitha, kuti maopaleshoni athe kuchitidwa osamva kuwawa kapena kusowa pazochita.

Itha kubayidwa kudzera mumitsempha, kukhala ndi zotsatira zake nthawi yomweyo, kapena kupumira kudzera m'maso, kufikira magazi atadutsa m'mapapu. Kutalika kwa zotsatira zake kumatsimikiziridwa ndi wochita dzanzi, yemwe amasankha mtundu, kuchuluka ndi kuchuluka kwa mankhwala oletsa ululu.

Komabe, mankhwala oletsa ululu ambiri sakhala chisankho choyambirira cha maopaleshoni, osungidwira maopaleshoni akuluakulu komanso owononga nthawi, monga opaleshoni yam'mimba, thoracic kapena mtima. Nthawi zina, opaleshoni ya gawo limodzi lokha la thupi, monga yakomweko, imatha kuwonetsedwa mukamachita opaleshoni ya khungu kapena kuchotsedwa kwa mano, kapena epidural anesthesia, yoperekera kapena maopareshoni azachipatala, mwachitsanzo. Phunzirani za mitundu yayikulu ya anesthesia komanso nthawi yoti muigwiritse ntchito.

Mitundu yayikulu ya anesthesia wamba

Anesthesia yodziwika imatha kuchitika kudzera mu mtsempha kapena kupuma, ndipo palibe mtundu wina wabwino kuposa winayo, ndipo kusankha kudzadalira mphamvu ya mankhwala amtundu wa opareshoni, wokonda mankhwala oletsa ululu kapena kupezeka mchipatala.

Pali mitundu ingapo yamankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito, omwe nthawi zambiri amaphatikizidwa, kuphatikiza pakupangitsa munthu kukomoka, ndikupangitsa kuti asamve kupweteka, kupumula kwa minofu ndi amnesia, kuti zonse zomwe zimachitika pakuchitidwa opaleshoni ziiwalike ndi munthuyo.

1. Kupuma mpweya

Anesthesia iyi imachitika ndikulowetsa mpweya wokhala ndi mankhwala oletsa ululu, motero zimatenga mphindi zochepa kuti ziyambe kugwira ntchito, chifukwa mankhwalawa ayenera kudutsa m'mapapu mpaka atafika m'magazi kenako muubongo.

Kuchuluka ndi kuchuluka kwa mpweya wovutitsa kumatsimikiziridwa ndi oletsa ululu, kutengera nthawi ya opaleshoniyi, yomwe imatha kukhala mphindi zochepa mpaka maola angapo, komanso chidwi cha munthu aliyense kumankhwalawo.

Kuti muchepetse mphamvu ya dzanzi, kutulutsa mpweya kuyenera kusokonezedwa, popeza thupi limachotsa mankhwala oletsa ululu, omwe ali m'mapapu ndi m'magazi, kudzera pachiwindi kapena impso.

• ZITSANZO: Zitsanzo zina za mankhwala opumira omwe ali ndi Tiomethoxyflurane, Enflurane, Halothane, Diethyl ether, Isoflurane kapena Nitrous oxide.

2. Anesthesia kudzera mumitsempha

Mtundu uwu wa dzanzi umachitika pobayira mankhwala oletsa kupweteka mumtsempha, kuchititsa kuti pakhale msangamsanga. Kuzama kwa sedation kumadalira mtundu ndi kuchuluka kwa mankhwala obayidwa ndi oletsa ululu, zomwe zimadaliranso ndi kutalika kwa nthawi ya opaleshoniyi, chidwi cha munthu aliyense, kuphatikiza pa msinkhu, kulemera, kutalika ndi thanzi.

• ZITSANZO: zitsanzo za mankhwala oletsa jakisoni ophatikizira ndi Thiopental, Propofol, Etomidate kapena Ketamine. Kuphatikiza apo, zotsatira zamankhwala ena atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kupititsa patsogolo mankhwala oletsa ululu, monga mankhwala, mankhwala opioid analgesics kapena zotchinga minofu, mwachitsanzo.

Anesthesia amatha nthawi yayitali bwanji

Kutalika kwa mankhwala ochititsa dzanzi kumakonzedwa ndi wochita dzanzi, kutengera nthawi ndi mtundu wa opareshoni, komanso kusankha mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito potonthoza.

Nthawi yomwe amatenga kuti adzuke imatenga mphindi zochepa mpaka maola ochepa kutha kwa opareshoni, mosiyana ndi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mbuyomu, omwe amakhala tsiku lonse, popeza, masiku ano, mankhwalawa ndi amakono kwambiri komanso ogwira ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, ochititsa dzanzi ochitidwa ndi dotolo wamano ali ndi mlingo wotsika kwambiri ndipo amakhala kwa mphindi zochepa, pomwe ochititsa dzanzi omwe amafunikira kuti achite opaleshoni yamtima amatha maola 10.

Pofuna kuchita mtundu uliwonse wa mankhwala oletsa ululu, ndikofunikira kuti wodwalayo ayang'anitsidwe, ali ndi zida zoyezera kugunda kwa mtima, kuthamanga kwa magazi ndi kupuma, popeza, chifukwa sedation imatha kukhala yayikulu kwambiri, ndikofunikira kuwongolera magwiridwe antchito azizindikiro .

Zovuta zotheka

Anthu ena atha kukhala ndi zovuta nthawi ya anesthesia kapena ngakhale patatha maola ochepa, monga kumva kudwala, kusanza, kupweteka mutu ndi chifuwa cha mankhwala.

Zovuta zazikulu kwambiri, monga kupuma, kumangidwa kwamtima kapena sequelae yaminyewa, ndizosowa, koma zimatha kuchitika kwa anthu omwe ali ndi thanzi lofooka, chifukwa cha kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi, mtima, mapapo kapena impso, komanso omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ambiri kapena mankhwala osokoneza bongo, mwachitsanzo.

Ndizosowa kwambiri kuti ochititsa dzanzi amakhala ndi gawo pang'ono, monga kuchotsa chikumbumtima, koma kuloleza munthu kuti asunthire, kapena mbali inayo, pomwe munthuyo sangasunthe, koma amatha kumva zochitika zomuzungulira.