Antibiogram: momwe zimachitikira komanso momwe mungamvetsetse zotsatira zake

Zamkati

• Momwe ma antibiotic amapangidwira
• Uroculture wokhala ndi ma antibiotic
• Momwe mungatanthauzire zotsatira
• Kodi ndichifukwa chiyani ndikofunikira kuzindikira mankhwala oyenera a maantibayotiki?

Ma antibiotic, omwe amadziwikanso kuti Antimicrobial Sensitivity Test (TSA), ndi mayeso omwe amayesa kudziwa kukhudzika ndi kukana kwa mabakiteriya ndi bowa ku maantibayotiki. Kudzera mu zotsatira za mankhwalawa, adotolo atha kunena kuti ndi maantibayotiki ati omwe ali oyenera kuchiza matendawa, motero amapewa kugwiritsa ntchito maantibayotiki osafunikira omwe samalimbana ndi matendawa, kuphatikiza pakupewa kukana.

Nthawi zambiri, antibiotic imagwiridwa pambuyo poti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tadziwika kwambiri m'magazi, mkodzo, ndowe ndi ziphuphu. Chifukwa chake, malinga ndi tizilombo tomwe tadziwika ndikudziwitsidwa, dokotala amatha kuwonetsa chithandizo choyenera kwambiri.

Momwe ma antibiotic amapangidwira

Kuti apange antibiotic, adokotala adzapempha kuti atenge zinthu zachilengedwe monga magazi, mkodzo, malovu, phlegm, ndowe kapena maselo amthupi omwe ali ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matendawa. Zitsanzozi zimatumizidwa ku labotale ya microbiology kuti zikawunikidwe ndikulima muchikhalidwe chomwe chimakonda kukula kwa bakiteriya kapena mafangasi.

Pambuyo pakukula, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timakhala tokha ndipo timayesedwa kuti tipeze mathero a tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Pambuyo podzipatula, ma antibiotic amathandizidwanso kuti chidziwitso chazidziwitso komanso cholimbana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda chizidziwike, chomwe chitha kuchitidwa m'njira ziwiri:

• Kuphatikizika kwa Agar Antibiogram: Pochita izi, timapepala tating'onoting'ono tomwe timakhala ndi maantibayotiki osiyanasiyana timayikidwa pa mbale ndi chikhalidwe choyenera kuti wodwalayo athe kukula. Pambuyo masiku 1 mpaka 2 mu wowonjezera kutentha, ndizotheka kuwona ngati mukumva kukula kuzungulira disc. Pakakhala kuti palibe kukula, akuti kachilombo kamakhudzidwa ndi mankhwalawa, omwe amadziwika kuti ndi abwino kwambiri kuchiza matenda;
• Ma antibiotic ofotokoza zakumwa: mu njirayi pali chidebe chokhala ndi mitundu yambiri ya maantibayotiki osakanikirana ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana, pomwe tizilombo tomwe tidzafufuzidwe timayikidwa, ndipo Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (CMI) ya antibiotic imadziwika. Chidebe chomwe munalibe kukula kwa tizilombo tating'onoting'ono chofanana ndi kuchuluka kwa mankhwala omwe ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza, chifukwa amalepheretsa kukula kwa tizilombo.

Pakadali pano muma laboratories, antibiotic imagwiridwa ndi chida chomwe amayeserera kukana komanso kuzindikira. Ripotilo lomwe lidatulutsidwa ndi zida zija limadziwitsa kuti ndi mankhwala ati omwe opatsiranawo anali osagonjetsedwa ndi omwe anali othandiza kuthana ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono.

Uroculture wokhala ndi ma antibiotic

Matenda a mkodzo ndi amodzi mwa matenda omwe amapezeka kwambiri mwa amayi, makamaka, komanso mwa amuna. Pachifukwa ichi, ndizofala kuti madotolo amafunsira kuwonjezera pa mayeso amkodzo amtundu woyamba, EAS, komanso chikhalidwe cha mkodzo chotsatiridwa ndi mankhwala a antibiotic. Mwanjira imeneyi, adotolo amatha kuwona ngati pali kusintha kulikonse mkodzo komwe kukuwonetsa mavuto a impso, kudzera mu EAS, komanso kupezeka kwa bowa kapena mabakiteriya mumitsinje yomwe imatha kuwonetsa matenda, kudzera mu chikhalidwe cha mkodzo.

Ngati kupezeka kwa mabakiteriya mumkodzo kukafufuzidwa, mankhwalawa amachitidwa kenako kuti adziwe mankhwala omwe ali oyenera kulandira chithandizo. Komabe, pokhudzana ndi matenda amkodzo, chithandizo cha maantibayotiki chimalimbikitsidwa pokhapokha munthuyo atakhala ndi zizindikilo zoletsa kukula kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.

Mvetsetsani momwe chikhalidwe cha mkodzo chimapangidwira.

Momwe mungatanthauzire zotsatira

Zotsatira za antibiotic zimatha kutenga masiku atatu kapena asanu ndipo zimapezeka pofufuza momwe maantibayotiki amakhudzira kukula kwa tizilombo. Maantibayotiki omwe amaletsa kukula kwa tizilombo tating'onoting'ono ndi omwe amawonetsedwa kuti angachiritse matendawa, koma ngati pakukula, akuwonetsa kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timene sitingakhudzidwe ndi maantibayotiki, omwe ndi osagonjetsedwa.

Zotsatira za antibiotic ziyenera kumasuliridwa ndi adotolo, omwe amawona zofunikira za Minimum Inhibitory Concentration, yotchedwanso CMI kapena MIC, ndi / kapena m'mimba mwake mwa choletsa halo, kutengera mayeso omwe adachitidwa. IMC imagwirizana ndi maantibayotiki ochepa omwe amatha kuletsa kukula kwa tizilombo tating'onoting'ono ndipo malinga ndi miyezo ya Clinical ndi Laboratory Miyezo Institute, CLSI, ndipo imatha kusiyanasiyana kutengera maantibayotiki oyesedwa ndi tizilombo tomwe tazindikirika.

Pankhani ya antibiotic ya agar diffusion, pomwe mapepala okhala ndi mitundu yambiri ya maantibayotiki amaikidwa mchikhalidwe chachikhalidwe ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, titatha kulowetsedwa kwa maola pafupifupi 18 ndizotheka kuzindikira kupezeka kapena ayi kwa zopinga za halos. Kutalika kwa kukula kwa ma halos, ndizotheka kutsimikizira ngati tizilombo toyambitsa matenda sangawonongeke, kutengeka, kupakatikati kapena kulimbana ndi maantibayotiki.

Zotsatira zake ziyenera kutanthauzidwanso kutengera kutsimikiza kwa CLSI, komwe kumatsimikizira kuti kuyesa kwa mayesero a Escherichia coli kwa Ampicillin, mwachitsanzo, choletsa halo chochepera kapena chofanana ndi 13 mm chikuwonetsa kuti bakiteriya imagonjetsedwa ndi maantibayotiki ndipo halo wofanana kapena wamkulu kuposa 17 mm akuwonetsa kuti bakiteriya ndiwofunika. Phunzirani zambiri za zotsatira za chikhalidwe cha mkodzo ndi antibiogram.

Chifukwa chake, malinga ndi zotsatira za antibiotic, adotolo amatha kuwonetsa mankhwala omwe ndi othandiza kwambiri polimbana ndi matenda.

Kodi ndichifukwa chiyani ndikofunikira kuzindikira mankhwala oyenera a maantibayotiki?

Kugwiritsa ntchito maantibayotiki omwe sioyenera komanso othandiza ku tizilombo tina kumachedwetsa kuchira kwa munthuyo, pang'ono pang'ono kumachiza matendawa ndipo kumathandizira kukulitsa njira zolimbana ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti matendawa akhale ovuta kuchiza.

Pachifukwa chomwechi, ndikofunikira kuti musagwiritse ntchito maantibayotiki popanda chitsogozo cha adotolo komanso mosafunikira, chifukwa izi zitha kumaliza kusankha tizilombo tomwe tikulimbana ndi maantibayotiki, ndikuchepetsa zosankha zamankhwala zolimbana ndi matenda.