Mankhwala Osokoneza Bongo

Zamkati

• Mitundu ya antiemetic mankhwala
• Antiemetics a matenda oyenda
• Antiemetics ya chimfine m'mimba
• Antiemetics ya chemotherapy
• Antiemetics ya opaleshoni
• Antiemetics ya matenda am'mawa
• Zotsatira zoyipa za mankhwala a antiemetic
• Mankhwala achilengedwe a antiemetic
• Antiemetic mankhwala otetezeka mimba
• Mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi otetezeka kwa ana
• Matenda oyenda
• Kwa gastroenteritis
• Kutenga

Kodi antiemetic mankhwala ndi chiyani?

Mankhwala a antiemetic amaperekedwa kuti athandize kunyansidwa ndi kusanza zomwe ndizotsatira zoyipa za mankhwala ena. Izi zitha kuphatikizira mankhwala osokoneza bongo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ma opaleshoni kapena chemotherapy ya khansa. Mankhwala a antiemetic amagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati nseru ndi kusanza komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha:

• matenda oyenda
• matenda m'mawa m'mawa
• Matenda akulu am'mimba (gastroenteritis)
• matenda ena

Mankhwalawa amagwira ntchito posokoneza ma neurotransmitter receptors omwe amachita kusanza. Ma Neurotransmitters ndi maselo omwe amalandila zizindikiritso kuti atumize chidwi chamitsempha. Njira zomwe zimayendetsa machitidwe amthupi awa ndizovuta. Mtundu wa antiemetic wogwiritsa ntchito umadalira chifukwa.

Mitundu ya antiemetic mankhwala

Mankhwala ena opatsirana pogonana amatengedwa pakamwa. Zina zimapezeka ngati jekeseni kapena ngati chigamba choyikidwa mthupi lanu kotero simuyenera kumeza chilichonse. Mtundu wa mankhwala opatsirana pogonana omwe muyenera kumwa umadalira zomwe zimayambitsa matenda anu:

Antiemetics a matenda oyenda

Ma antihistamine omwe amaletsa kunyowa ndi kusanza komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha matenda amisala amapezeka pa kauntala (OTC). Amagwira ntchito posunga khutu lanu lamkati kuti lisamveke kuyenda ndikuphatikizira:

• dimenhydrinate (Dramamine, Gravol)
• meclizine (Dramamine Pang'ono Akugona, Bonine)

Antiemetics ya chimfine m'mimba

Chimfine cha m'mimba, kapena gastroenteritis, chimayambitsidwa ndi kachilombo kapena bakiteriya. Mankhwala a OTC bismuth-subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol) amagwira ntchito pophimba m'mimba mwanu. Muthanso kuyesa OTC glucose, fructose, kapena phosphoric acid (Emetrol).

Antiemetics ya chemotherapy

Nsautso ndi kusanza ndi gawo lodziwika bwino la mankhwala a chemotherapy. Mankhwala a antiemetic amagwiritsidwa ntchito isanachitike komanso itatha chemotherapy kupewa zizindikiro.

Mankhwala ena ndi awa:

• otsutsa a serotonin 5-HT3 receptor: dolasetron (Anzemet), granisetron (Kytril, Sancuso), ondansetron (Zofran, Zuplenz), palonosetron (Aloxi)
• Otsutsa a dopamine: prochlorperazine (Compazine), domperidone (Motilium, sikupezeka ku US), olanzapine (Zyprexa)
• Otsutsa a NK1 olandila: Aprepitant (Emend), rolapitant (Varubi)
• corticosteroids: dexamethasone (DexPak)
• Nthendayi: chamba (chamba chachipatala), dronabinol (Marinol)

Antiemetics ya opaleshoni

Kunyansidwa ndi kusanza kwa positi (PONV) kumatha kuyambitsidwa ndi anesthesia yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pochita opaleshoni. Mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza PONV ndi awa:

• otsutsa a serotonin 5-HT3 receptor: dolasetron, granisetron, onsonga
• Otsutsa a dopamine: metoclopramide (Reglan), droperidol (Inapsine), domperidone
• corticosteroids: dexamethasone

Antiemetics ya matenda am'mawa

Matenda am'mawa amafala panthawi yapakati. Komabe, mankhwala osokoneza bongo samayikidwa pokhapokha atakhala oopsa.

Hyperemesis gravidarum ndi vuto la mimba lomwe limayambitsa nseru komanso kusanza. Ngati muli ndi vutoli, dokotala akhoza kukupatsani:

• antihistamines, monga dimenhydrinate
• vitamini B-6 (pyridoxine)
• Otsutsa a dopamine, monga prochlorperazine, promethazine (Pentazine, Phenergan)
• metoclopramide ngati mankhwala ena sakugwira ntchito

Zotsatira zoyipa za mankhwala a antiemetic

Zotsatira zake zoyipa zimadalira mtundu wa mankhwala omwe mumamwa:

• bismuth-subsalicylate: lilime lakuda, mipando yakuda
• antihistamines: Kusinza, pakamwa pouma
• Otsutsa a dopamine: pakamwa pouma, kutopa, kudzimbidwa, tinnitus, kupweteka kwa minofu, kupumula
• ma neuroninin receptor agonists: kuchepa pokodza, kukamwa kouma, kutentha pa chifuwa
• otsutsa a serotonin 5-HT3 receptor: kudzimbidwa, pakamwa pouma, kutopa
• corticosteroids: kudzimbidwa, ziphuphu, kuwonjezeka kwa njala ndi ludzu
• Nthendayi: kusintha kwa malingaliro, chizungulire

Ngati mukukumana ndi izi, funsani dokotala:

• Kuipiraipira kwa mseru kapena kusanza
• kudzimbidwa kwakukulu
• kufooka kwa minofu
• kusokonezeka
• kusamva
• kugunda kwamtima mwachangu
• kusinza kwambiri
• mawu osalankhula
• zizindikiro zamaganizidwe, monga kuyerekezera zinthu m'maganizo kapena kusokonezeka

Mankhwala achilengedwe a antiemetic

Mankhwala odziwika bwino kwambiri achilengedwe ndi ginger (Zingiber officinale). Ginger amakhala ndi anthu 5-HT3 omwe amadziwika kuti gingerols. Kafukufuku wamankhwala akuwonetsa kuti ginger itha kukhala yothandiza pochiza nseru ndi kusanza. Ginger watsopano m'madzi otentha kuti apange tiyi, kapena yesani ginger wodula bwino, mabisiketi a ginger, kapena ginger ale.

Aromatherapy wokhala ndi peppermint mafuta ofunikira amathanso kukhala njira yogonjetsera nseru ndi kusanza. Yesani kupaka madontho angapo kumbuyo kwa khosi lanu ndikupuma kwambiri.

Mankhwala awonetsedwanso kuti ndi. Tsopano ilipo movomerezeka m'maiko ambiri, koma itha kuonedwa ngati mankhwala osaloledwa kwa ena.

Antiemetic mankhwala otetezeka mimba

Mankhwala osokoneza bongo monga meclizine ndi dimenhydrinate ndiabwino kwa amayi apakati. Vitamini B-6 ndi dopamine omwe amatsutsana nawo amapezeka kuti ali otetezeka, koma amangogwiritsidwa ntchito pamavuto akulu m'mawa.

Chamba kapena chamba sichabwino kugwiritsa ntchito panthawi yapakati. Mankhwalawa amalumikizidwa ndi kuchepa kwa kubadwa ndi chiopsezo chowonjezeka cha mavuto am'maganizo ndi machitidwe mwa ana. Pepto-Bismol siyikulimbikitsidwanso.

Mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi otetezeka kwa ana

Nthawi zonse ndibwino kukaonana ndi dokotala musanapatse ana mankhwala.

Matenda oyenda

Dimenhydrinate ndi diphenhydramine (Benadryl) itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza nseru mwa ana opitilira zaka ziwiri, koma onetsetsani kuti mukutsatira malangizo amlingo.

Kwa gastroenteritis

Kafukufuku waposachedwa apeza kuti ondansetron ikhoza kukhala yotetezeka komanso yothandiza kwa ana omwe ali ndi vuto lalikulu la gastroenteritis.

Promethazine sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ana kapena ana aang'ono. Osapereka bismuth-subsalicylate kwa ana azaka 12 kapena kupitirira.

Kutenga

Pali mankhwala ambiri opatsirana pogonana omwe amachiza nseru ndi kusanza, koma mankhwala omwe muyenera kuyesa amatengera zomwe zimayambitsa matenda anu. Onetsetsani kuti mwawerenga zolembazo mosamala kapena kutsatira malangizo a dokotala wanu. Pazisamba zochepa kapena kusanza, yesani mankhwala azitsamba ngati ginger.