Chilichonse Chimene Muyenera Kudziwa Zokhudza Autism

Zamkati

• Kodi autism ndi chiyani?
• Kodi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya autism ndi iti?
• Kodi zizindikiro za autism ndi ziti?
• Nchiyani chimayambitsa autism?
• Ndi mayeso ati omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pozindikira autism?
• Kuwonera kwachitukuko
• Zojambula zina ndi mayeso
• Kodi autism imathandizidwa bwanji?
• Njira zina zochiritsira
• Kodi zakudya zingakhudze autism?
• Kodi autism imakhudza bwanji ana?
• Autism ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi
• Kodi autism imakhudza bwanji atsikana?
• Kodi autism imakhudza bwanji akulu?
• Chifukwa chiyani kuzindikira kwa autism kuli kofunika?
• Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa autism ndi ADHD?
• Kodi malingaliro a anthu omwe ali ndi autism ndi otani?

Timaphatikizapo zinthu zomwe timaganiza kuti ndizothandiza kwa owerenga athu. Ngati mutagula maulalo omwe ali patsamba lino, titha kupeza ndalama zochepa. Nayi njira yathu.

Kodi autism ndi chiyani?

Matenda achilengulengu (ASD) ndi mawu wamba ogwiritsidwa ntchito pofotokoza gulu la zovuta zama neurodevelopmental.

Mavutowa amadziwika ndi mavuto olumikizana komanso kulumikizana. Anthu omwe ali ndi ASD nthawi zambiri amawonetsa zokonda zoletsa, zobwerezabwereza, kapena zomwe amakonda kapena machitidwe awo.

ASD imapezeka mwa anthu padziko lonse lapansi, osatengera mtundu, chikhalidwe, kapena chuma. Malingana ndi autism, autism imachitika makamaka mwa anyamata kuposa atsikana, ndi 4 mpaka 1 chiŵerengero cha amuna ndi akazi.

CDC idaganizira mu 2014 kuti pafupifupi mwana m'modzi mwa ana 59 adadziwika ndi ASD.

Pali zisonyezo kuti zochitika za ASD zikuchuluka. Ena amati kuwonjezeka kumeneku kumadza chifukwa cha chilengedwe. Komabe, akatswiri amatsutsana ngati pali kuwonjezeka kwenikweni kwa milandu kapena matenda omwe amapezeka pafupipafupi.

Fananizani mitengo ya autism m'maiko osiyanasiyana mdziko lonselo.

Kodi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya autism ndi iti?

DSM (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disways) imasindikizidwa ndi American Psychiatric Association (APA) ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi azachipatala kuti azindikire matenda amisala osiyanasiyana.

Mtundu wachisanu komanso waposachedwa kwambiri wa DSM udatulutsidwa mu 2013. DSM-5 pakadali pano imazindikira magawo asanu osiyanasiyana a ASD, kapena olongosola. Ali:

• kuwonongeka kwa nzeru kapena popanda
• kuwonongeka kwa chilankhulo kapena popanda
• yokhudzana ndi matenda omwe amadziwika kapena majini kapena chilengedwe
• yolumikizidwa ndi vuto lina la neurodevelopmental, malingaliro, kapena machitidwe
• ndi catatonia

Wina akhoza kupezeka ndi malingaliro amodzi kapena angapo.

DSM-5 isanafike, anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la autism mwina adapezeka kuti ali ndi vuto limodzi:

• matenda a autistic
• Matenda a Asperger
• vuto lokula lomwe likufalikira - osanenedwa mwanjira ina (PDD-NOS)
• kusokonezeka kwaubwana

Ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti munthu amene adalandira chimodzi mwazomwe adazindikira kale sanataye matenda ake ndipo safunika kuwunikidwanso.

Malinga ndi DSM-5, kuzindikira kwakukulu kwa ASD kumaphatikizapo zovuta monga Asperger's syndrome.

Kodi zizindikiro za autism ndi ziti?

Zizindikiro za Autism zimawonekera bwino kuyambira ali mwana, azaka zapakati pa 12 ndi 24 zakubadwa. Komabe, zizindikilo zimatha kuwonekera koyambirira kapena mtsogolo.

Zizindikiro zoyambirira zimaphatikizaponso kuchedwa kwakanthawi mchilankhulo kapena chitukuko.

DSM-5 imagawaniza zizindikiro za autism m'magulu awiri: mavuto ndi kulumikizana komanso kulumikizana ndi anthu, ndikuletsa kapena kubwereza machitidwe kapena zochita.

Mavuto ndi kulumikizana komanso kulumikizana pakati pa anthu ndi awa:

• zokhudzana ndi kulumikizana, kuphatikiza zovuta kugawana zakukhosi, kugawana zokonda, kapena kuyankhulana pafupipafupi
• zimakhudza kulumikizana kopanda mawu, monga vuto loyang'ana m'maso kapena kuwerenga thupi
• zovuta kukulitsa ndikusunga ubale

Makhalidwe oletsedwa kapena obwerezabwereza pamachitidwe kapena zochitika ndi monga:

• mayendedwe obwerezabwereza, zoyenda, kapena mayankhulidwe
• kutsatira mosamalitsa machitidwe ena kapena machitidwe ena
• kuonjezera kapena kuchepa kwa chidwi cha chidziwitso chapadera kuchokera kumalo owazungulira, monga kusamvera mawu ena
• zokonda kapena zotanganidwa

Anthu amayesedwa mgulu lililonse ndipo kuzindikirika kwa zizindikilo zawo kumadziwika.

Kuti munthu adziwe ngati ali ndi ASD, ayenera kuwonetsa zizindikilo zitatuzo mgulu loyambalo komanso zosachepera ziwiri mgulu lachiwiri.

Nchiyani chimayambitsa autism?

Zomwe zimayambitsa ASD sizikudziwika. Kafukufuku waposachedwa kwambiri akuwonetsa kuti palibe chifukwa chimodzi.

Zina mwazomwe zimawakayikira pachiwopsezo cha autism ndi izi:

• kukhala ndi wachibale wapafupi ndi autism
• kusintha kwa majini
• matenda osalimba a X ndi matenda ena amtundu
• kubadwa kwa makolo okalamba
• kulemera kochepa kubadwa
• Kusagwirizana kwa kagayidwe kachakudya
• kukhudzana ndi zitsulo zolemera komanso poizoni wachilengedwe
• mbiri ya matenda opatsirana
• Kuwonetsedwa kwa fetus pamankhwala a valproic acid (Depakene) kapena thalidomide (Thalomid)

Malinga ndi National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), zonse zamtundu komanso chilengedwe zitha kudziwa ngati munthu ali ndi vuto la autism.

Magwero angapo, akale ndipo, atsimikiza kuti vutoli silimayambitsidwa ndi katemera, komabe.

Kafukufuku wotsutsana mu 1998 adalimbikitsa kulumikizana pakati pa autism ndi katemera wa chikuku, mumps, ndi rubella (MMR). Komabe, kafukufukuyu adasokonezedwa ndi kafukufuku wina ndipo pamapeto pake adachotsedwa mu 2010.

Werengani zambiri za autism ndi zoopsa zake.

Ndi mayeso ati omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pozindikira autism?

Matenda a ASD amaphatikizapo kuyezetsa kosiyanasiyana, kuyesa kwa majini, ndikuwunika.

Kuwonera kwachitukuko

American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) imalimbikitsa kuti ana onse ayesedwe ASD ali ndi zaka 18 ndi 24.

Kuunikira kungathandize kuzindikira msanga ana omwe angakhale ndi ASD. Anawa atha kupindula ndi kuwazindikira msanga komanso kuwathandizira.

Mndandanda Wosinthidwa wa Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT) ndi chida chofufuzira chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi maofesi ambiri a ana. Kafukufuku wamafunso 23 akudzazidwa ndi makolo. Madokotala amatha kugwiritsa ntchito mayankho omwe aperekedwa kuti azindikire ana omwe atha kukhala pachiwopsezo chokhala ndi ASD.

Ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti kuyezetsa magazi sikumadziwika. Ana omwe amaonetsetsa kuti ali ndi ASD alibe matendawa. Kuphatikiza apo, zowunikira nthawi zina sizimazindikira mwana aliyense yemwe ali ndi ASD.

Zojambula zina ndi mayeso

Dokotala wa mwana wanu angakulimbikitseni mayesero osiyanasiyana a autism, kuphatikizapo:

• Kuyeza kwa DNA kwa matenda amtundu
• kuwunika kwamakhalidwe
• zoyesa zowonera komanso zomvera kuti athetse zovuta zilizonse ndi masomphenya ndi kumva zomwe sizikugwirizana ndi autism
• kuwunika pantchito
• mafunso okhudzana ndi chitukuko, monga Autism Diagnostic Observation schedule (ADOS)

Matendawa amapangidwa ndi gulu la akatswiri. Gululi lingaphatikizepo akatswiri amisala a ana, othandizira pantchito, kapena oyankhula komanso olankhula zilankhulo.

Dziwani zambiri za mayeso omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pozindikira autism.

Kodi autism imathandizidwa bwanji?

Palibe "machiritso" a autism, koma chithandizo chamankhwala ndi zina zothandizira zimatha kuthandiza anthu kumva bwino kapena kuchepetsa zizindikilo zawo.

Njira zambiri zochiritsira zimaphatikizapo mankhwala monga:

• chithandizo chamakhalidwe
• kusewera mankhwala
• chithandizo pantchito
• chithandizo chamankhwala
• mankhwala olankhulira

Kutikita minofu, mabulangete olemera ndi zovala, ndi njira zosinkhasinkha zitha kuchititsanso kupumula. Komabe, zotsatira zamankhwala zimasiyana.

Anthu ena pamasewerawa amatha kuyankha njira zina, pomwe ena sangatero.

Gulani zofunda zolemera apa.

Njira zina zochiritsira

Njira zochiritsira autism zitha kuphatikizira izi:

• mavitamini apamwamba
• chithandizo cha chelation, chomwe chimakhudza kupukuta zitsulo m'thupi
• mankhwala a hyperbaric oxygen
• melatonin kuthana ndi mavuto akugona

Kafufuzidwe ka njira zochiritsira zosakanikirana ndizosakanikirana, ndipo zina mwanjira zochiritsira zitha kukhala zowopsa.

Asanayike ndalama iliyonse mwa izi, makolo ndi omwe akuwasamalira ayenera kuwerengetsa mtengo wofufuzira ndi ndalama kutengera phindu lililonse. Dziwani zambiri zamankhwala ochiritsira a autism.

Kodi zakudya zingakhudze autism?

Palibe zakudya zinazake zopangira anthu omwe ali ndi ASD. Komabe, othandizira ena a autism akufufuza zosintha pazakudya monga njira yothandizira kuchepetsa zovuta pamakhalidwe ndikuwonjezera moyo wonse.

Maziko azakudya za autism ndikupewa zowonjezera zowonjezera. Izi zikuphatikizapo zoteteza, mitundu, ndi zotsekemera.

Zakudya za autism zimatha kuyang'ana pazakudya zonse, monga:

• zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba
• nkhuku zowonda
• nsomba
• mafuta osakwaniritsidwa
• madzi ambiri

Othandizira ena a autism amavomerezanso zakudya zopanda thanzi. Puloteniyi imapezeka mu tirigu, balere, ndi mbewu zina.

Othandizira awo amakhulupirira kuti gluten imayambitsa kutupa ndi kusintha kwa thupi kwa anthu ena omwe ali ndi ASD. Komabe, kafukufuku wasayansi samatsimikizira za ubale womwe ulipo pakati pa autism, gluten, ndi puloteni ina yotchedwa casein.

Kafukufuku wina, komanso umboni wosatsutsika, wanena kuti zakudya zitha kuthandiza kuthana ndi vuto la kuchepa kwa chidwi (ADHD), vuto lofanana ndi autism. Pezani zambiri za zakudya za ADHD.

Kodi autism imakhudza bwanji ana?

Ana omwe ali ndi autism sangakwaniritse zochitika zofananira ndi anzawo, kapena atha kuwonetsa kutayika kwamaluso kapena chilankhulo chomwe chidapangidwa kale.

Mwachitsanzo, wazaka ziwiri wopanda autism atha kuwonetsa chidwi pamasewera osavuta achinyengo. Mwana wazaka 4 wopanda autism amatha kusangalala ndi ana ena. Mwana yemwe ali ndi autism atha kukhala ndi vuto kucheza ndi ena kapena sakonda konse.

Ana omwe ali ndi autism amathanso kuchita zinthu zobwerezabwereza, amavutika kugona, kapena amakakamizidwa kudya zinthu zopanda chakudya. Atha kuvutika kuti achite bwino popanda malo okhazikika kapena machitidwe osasintha.

Ngati mwana wanu ali ndi autism, mungafunikire kugwira ntchito limodzi ndi aphunzitsi awo kuti awonetsetse kuti apambana mkalasi.

Pali zinthu zambiri zothandiza ana omwe ali ndi autism komanso okondedwa awo.

Magulu othandizira am'deralo amapezeka kudzera pagulu lopanda phindu la Autism Society. Bungwe Autism Speaks limaperekanso zida zogwiritsa ntchito kwa makolo, abale, agogo, ndi abwenzi a ana omwe ali ndi autism.

Autism ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi

Ana omwe ali ndi autism amatha kupeza kuti machitidwe ena atha kuthandiza pakuchepetsa kukhumudwa komanso kulimbikitsa thanzi lathunthu.

Zochita zilizonse zomwe mwana wanu amakonda zimakhala zopindulitsa. Kuyenda ndikusangalala pabwalo lamasewera zonse ndizabwino.

Kusambira ndikukhala m'madzi kumatha kukhala ngati masewera olimbitsa thupi komanso masewera olimbitsa thupi. Zochita masewera olimbitsa thupi zitha kuthandiza anthu omwe ali ndi autism omwe atha kukhala ndi vuto lokonza zikwangwani kuchokera kumalingaliro.

Nthawi zina masewera olumikizana amakhala ovuta kwa ana omwe ali ndi autism. Mutha kulimbikitsa mitundu ina ya machitidwe ovuta koma olimbikitsa. Yambirani ndi maupangiri awa pamawonekedwe amanja, kulumpha nyenyezi, ndi machitidwe ena a autism a ana.

Kodi autism imakhudza bwanji atsikana?

Chifukwa cha kufalikira kwake kokhudzana ndi jenda, autism nthawi zambiri imafotokozedwa ngati matenda a anyamata. Malinga ndi bungwe la ASD, anyamata amakhala ochulukirapo pafupifupi kanayi kuposa atsikana.

Komabe, izi sizikutanthauza kuti autism sichimachitika mwa atsikana. M'malo mwake, CDC imaganiza kuti 0.66%, kapena pafupifupi 1 mwa atsikana 152 ali ndi autism. Autism imatha kupezeka mosiyana mwa akazi.

Poyerekeza ndi zaka makumi angapo zapitazi, autism ikuyesedwa koyambirira ndipo nthawi zambiri tsopano. Izi zimapangitsa kuti anyamata ndi atsikana azikhala ndi mbiri yabwino.

Kodi autism imakhudza bwanji akulu?

Mabanja omwe ali ndi okondedwa awo omwe ali ndi ASD amatha kuda nkhawa kuti moyo wa autism ukuwoneka bwanji kwa munthu wamkulu.

Achikulire ochepa omwe ali ndi ASD atha kukhala kapena kugwira ntchito paokha. Komabe, achikulire ambiri omwe ali ndi ASD amafuna kupitiliza kuthandizidwa kapena kuthandizidwa m'miyoyo yawo yonse.

Kukhazikitsa njira zochiritsira ndi mankhwala ena adakali aang'ono kumatha kudzetsa kudziyimira pawokha komanso kukhala ndi moyo wabwino.

Nthawi zina anthu omwe ali pamagetsi samapezeka mpaka patadutsa nthawi yayitali. Izi ndichifukwa choti, chifukwa chakusazindikira kwa akatswiri azachipatala.

Funani thandizo ngati mukuganiza kuti muli ndi autism. Sikuchedwa kuti mupezeke.

Chifukwa chiyani kuzindikira kwa autism kuli kofunika?

Epulo ndi Mwezi wa Autism Wadziko Lonse. Amadziwikanso kuti Mwezi Wodziwitsa Anthu za Autism ku United States. Komabe, omenyera ufulu ambiri amafuna kuti pakhale kufunika kodziwitsa anthu za ASD chaka chonse, osati masiku 30 okha.

Kudziwitsa za Autism kumafunikanso kumvetsetsa komanso kumvetsetsa kuti ma ASD ndi osiyana ndi aliyense.

Mankhwala ena amatha kuthandizira anthu ena koma osati ena. Makolo ndi omwe amawasamalira amathanso kukhala ndi malingaliro osiyanasiyana pa njira yabwino yolimbikitsira mwana yemwe ali ndi autism.

Kumvetsetsa autism ndi anthu omwe ali pazowonera kumayamba ndikudziwitsa, koma sikumatha pamenepo. Onani nkhani ya bambo wina pa "zokhumudwitsa" zake ndi kuzindikira kwa autism.

Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa autism ndi ADHD?

Autism ndi ADHD nthawi zina zimasokonezedwa.

Ana omwe amapezeka kuti ali ndi ADHD nthawi zonse amakhala ndi vuto losokoneza, kusumika chidwi, ndikuyang'ana maso ndi ena. Zizindikirozi zimawonekeranso mwa anthu ena pamasewera.

Ngakhale kufanana kwina, ADHD sichiyesedwa ngati vuto la sipekitiramu. Kusiyanitsa kwakukulu pakati pa awiriwa ndikuti anthu omwe ali ndi ADHD samakonda kusowa maluso olumikizirana.

Ngati mukuganiza kuti mwana wanu ali ndi zizindikiro zosakhudzidwa, lankhulani ndi adotolo za kuyesa kwa ADHD. Kupeza matenda omveka bwino ndikofunikira kuti muwonetsetse kuti mwana wanu akulandila chithandizo choyenera.

Ndikothekanso kuti munthu akhale ndi autism komanso ADHD. Onani nkhaniyi, yomwe ikufufuza za ubale pakati pa autism ndi ADHD.

Kodi malingaliro a anthu omwe ali ndi autism ndi otani?

Palibe mankhwala a ASD. Mankhwala othandiza kwambiri amaphatikizapo kuchitapo kanthu koyambirira komanso mwamphamvu. Mwana yemwe amalembetsa kale mapulogalamuwa, amakhala ndi malingaliro abwino.

Kumbukirani kuti autism ndi yovuta, ndipo zimatenga nthawi kuti munthu yemwe ali ndi ASD apeze pulogalamu yoyenerera kwa iwo.