Gawo la Khansa ya m'mawere

Zamkati

• Khansa ya m'mawere
• Gawo 0
• Gawo 1
• Gawo 2
• Gawo 3
• Gawo 4
• Chiwonetsero

Matenda a khansa ya m'mawere ndi masitepe

Khansa ya m'mawere ikapezeka koyamba, imaperekedwanso gawo. Sitejiyi imanena za kukula kwa chotupacho komanso komwe chafalikira.

Madokotala amagwiritsa ntchito mayeso osiyanasiyana kuti adziwe gawo la khansa ya m'mawere. Izi zitha kuphatikizira kuyesa kuyerekezera, monga CT scan, MRI, ultrasound, ndi X-ray, komanso ntchito yamagazi ndi biopsy ya mabere akhudzidwa.

Kuti mumvetse bwino za momwe mungapezere matenda ndi chithandizo chamankhwala, mufunika kudziwa momwe khansara ilili. Khansa ya m'mawere yomwe imagwidwa koyambirira iyenera kukhala ndi malingaliro abwino kuposa khansa yomwe idagwidwa pambuyo pake.

Khansa ya m'mawere

Njira zomwe zimakhazikitsidwa zimatsimikizira ngati khansara yafalikira kuchokera pachifuwa kupita mbali zina za thupi, monga ma lymph node kapena ziwalo zazikulu. Njira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi American Joint Committee on Cancer TNM system.

Mu kachitidwe ka TNM, khansa imagawidwa potengera magawo awo a T, N, ndi M:

• T imasonyeza kukula kwa chotupa ndi momwe zafalikira mkati mwa bere ndi madera oyandikira.
• N imayimira kuchuluka kwa momwe yafalikira ku ma lymph mfundo.
• M amatanthauzira chifuwa, kapena kuchuluka kwake komwe kwafalikira ku ziwalo zakutali.

Pogwiritsa ntchito TNM, kalata iliyonse imagwirizanitsidwa ndi nambala kuti afotokoze momwe khansara yapitira patsogolo. Kukonzekera kwa TNM kukatsimikiziridwa, mfundoyi imaphatikizidwa mu njira yotchedwa "gulu lamagulu."

Magulu a magawo ndi njira yofala momwe magawo amachokera 0 mpaka 4. Kutsika kwa chiwerengerocho, koyambirira kwa khansa.

Gawo 0

Gawo ili likufotokoza za khansa ya m'mawere yosavomerezeka ("in situ"). Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) ndi chitsanzo cha khansa ya siteji 0. Ku DCIS, ma cell omwe ali ndi zotupa atha kuyamba kumene kupanga koma sanafalikire kupitirira ngalande zamkaka.

Gawo 1

Gawo ili likhala chizindikiritso choyamba cha khansa ya m'mawere yowopsa. Pakadali pano, chotupacho sichikhala choposa masentimita awiri m'mimba mwake (kapena pafupifupi 3/4 inchi). Khansa za m'mawerezi zimagawidwa m'magulu awiri (1A ndi 1B) kutengera njira zingapo.

Gawo 1A kumatanthauza kuti chotupacho chili ndi masentimita awiri kapena ocheperako, komanso kuti khansara siinafalikire kwina kulikonse kunja kwa bere.

Gawo 1B amatanthauza kuti masango ang'onoang'ono a khansa ya m'mawere amapezeka m'matenda am'mimba. Kawirikawiri panthawiyi, mwina palibe chotupa chodziwika chomwe chimapezeka m'mawere kapena chotupacho ndi masentimita awiri kapena ocheperako.

Gawo 2

Gawo ili limafotokoza za khansa za m'mawere zomwe zimakhala zowona:

• Chotupacho chimakhala chochepera masentimita awiri (3/4 inchi), koma chafalikira kumatenda am'munsi mwa mkono.
• Chotupacho chili pakati pa 2 ndi 5 sentimita (pafupifupi 3/4 inchi mpaka 2 mainchesi) ndipo mwina sichingafalikire kuma lymph node pansi pa mkono.
• Chotupacho chimakhala chachikulu kuposa masentimita 5 (2 mainchesi), koma sichinafalikire kumatenda amtundu uliwonse.
• Palibe chotupa chodziwikiratu chomwe chimapezeka m'mawere, koma khansa ya m'mawere yoposa mamilimita awiri imapezeka mu ma lymph node pansi pa mkono kapena pafupi ndi chifuwa.

Gawo 2 khansa ya m'mawere imagawidwa mu gawo 2A ndi 2B.

Mu siteji 2A, palibe chotupa chomwe chimapezeka m'mawere kapena chotupacho ndi chaching'ono kuposa masentimita awiri. Khansa imatha kupezeka munthawi imeneyi, kapena chotupacho chimakhala chachikulu kuposa masentimita awiri koma chaching'ono kuposa masentimita 5 ndipo khansara sichinafalikire kumatenda am'mimba.

Mu siteji 2B, chotupacho chingakhale chachikulu kuposa masentimita awiri koma chocheperapo ndi masentimita 5, ndipo maselo a khansa ya m’mawere amapezeka m’mimba, kapena chotupacho chingakhalenso chachikulu kuposa masentimita 5, koma khansara sichinafalikire ku maunyolo.

Gawo 3

Khansa yanthawi yayitali yasunthira kumatenda ambiri ammawere ndi madera ozungulira koma sinafalikire kumadera akutali a thupi.

• Gawo 3A zotupa zimakhala zazikulu kuposa masentimita 5 (mainchesi awiri) ndipo zafalikira kumatenda amtundu umodzi kapena atatu pansi pa mkono, kapena kukula kwake ndipo zafalikira m'magulu angapo am'mimba.
• A siteji 3B chotupa chamtundu uliwonse chafalikira kumatenda pafupi ndi bere - khungu ndi chifuwa - ndipo chitha kufalikira kumatenda amkati mwa bere kapena pansi pa mkono.
• Gawo 3C khansara ndi chotupa cha kukula kulikonse komwe kwafalikira:
  • mpaka 10 kapena kuposa ma lymph nodes pansi pa mkono
  • kumatenda am'mimba pamwamba kapena pansi pakhola komanso pafupi ndi khosi mbali yomweyo ya thupi monga bere lomwe lakhudzidwa
  • kuzinthu zam'mimba mkati mwa bere lenileni komanso pansi pa mkono

Gawo 4

Gawo 4 khansa ya m'mawere yafalikira kumadera akutali a thupi, monga mapapo, chiwindi, mafupa, kapena ubongo. Pakadali pano, khansa imawerengedwa kuti ndiyotsogola ndipo zosankha zamankhwala ndizochepa.

Khansayo sichepetsanso chifukwa ziwalo zazikuluzikulu zikukhudzidwa. Koma palinso mankhwala omwe angathandize kukonza ndikusunga moyo wabwino.

Chiwonetsero

Chifukwa chakuti khansa sangakhale ndi zizindikilo zowonekera kumayambiriro koyambirira, ndikofunikira kuti mupimidwe pafupipafupi ndikuwuza dokotala ngati china chake sichikumveka bwino. Khansa yam'mbuyomu idagwidwa, mwayi wanu wokhala ndi zotsatira zabwino.

Kuphunzira za matenda a khansa kumatha kukhala kovuta komanso kowopsa. Kulumikizana ndi ena omwe mukudziwa zomwe mukukumana nazo kungathandize kuchepetsa nkhawa izi. Pezani chithandizo kuchokera kwa ena omwe ali ndi khansa ya m'mawere.

Pezani chithandizo kuchokera kwa ena omwe ali ndi khansa ya m'mawere. Tsitsani pulogalamu yaulere ya Healthline Pano.