Zomwe Anthu Akhungu lakuda Ayenera Kudziwa Zokhudza Kusamalira Dzuwa

Zamkati

• Kodi ndingapsa ndi dzuwa?
• Mulingo wa Fitzpatrick
• Kodi kutentha kwa dzuwa kumawoneka bwanji pakhungu lakuda?
• Kodi ndingapeze khansa yapakhungu?
• Sikuti amangokhala padzuwa
• Kodi pali zizindikiro zoyambirira za khansa yapakhungu zomwe ndiyenera kuyang'anira?
• Kodi ndingadziteteze bwanji kuti ndisatengeke ndi dzuwa?
• Ikani mafuta oteteza ku dzuwa
• Kumbukirani kuyikanso
• Khalani mumthunzi nthawi zazitali kwambiri
• Onetsetsani kuti muli ndi zida zoyenera
• Mfundo yofunika

Chimodzi mwazikhulupiriro zazikulu zadzuwa ndikuti khungu lakuda mdima sifunikira kutetezedwa padzuwa.

Ndizowona kuti anthu akhungu lakuda samakonda kuwotchedwa ndi dzuwa, koma ngozi zake zilipobe. Kuphatikiza apo, kuwonetsedwa kwakanthawi kumachulukitsanso chiopsezo cha khansa yapakhungu, mosasamala kanthu khungu.

Nazi zonse zomwe muyenera kudziwa pazotsatira za dzuwa pakhungu lakuda.

Kodi ndingapsa ndi dzuwa?

Anthu omwe ali ndi khungu lakuda sangawotchedwe ndi dzuwa chifukwa chaching'ono chotchedwa melanin. Ndi khungu lotulutsa khungu lomwe limapangidwa ndi khungu la khungu lotchedwa melanocytes. Cholinga chake ndikuletsa zovuta za kuwala kwa ultraviolet (UV).

Mitundu yakuda yakuda imakhala ndi melanin yambiri kuposa yowala, kutanthauza kuti amatetezedwa bwino ku dzuwa. Koma khansa ya khansa siikhala yotetezedwa ndi cheza chonse cha UV, chifukwa chake pali ngozi ina.

A Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) adapeza kuti anthu akuda ndi omwe sangatenthedwe ndi dzuwa. Azungu, komano, anali ndi chiwonetsero chachikulu kwambiri cha kutentha kwa dzuwa.

Tawonani kuchuluka kwa anthu ochokera kosiyanasiyana omwe adakumana ndi kutentha kamodzi kwa dzuwa chaka chatha, malinga ndi:

• pafupifupi 66% ya azungu azungu komanso oposa 65 peresenti ya azungu
• azimayi opitilira 38 peresenti ya azimayi aku Puerto Rico ndi 32% ya amuna aku Spain
• pafupifupi 13% ya akazi akuda ndi 9% ya amuna

Koma pali tani ya kusintha kwa khungu, ngakhale mkati mwa maguluwa. Kuti mumvetse bwino chiopsezo chanu chowotcha dzuwa, ndizothandiza kudziwa komwe mungagwere pa sikelo ya Fitzpatrick.

Wopangidwa mu 1975, dermatologists amagwiritsa ntchito sikelo ya Fitzpatrick kuti adziwe momwe khungu la munthu lidzachitire dzuwa.

Mulingo wa Fitzpatrick

Malinga ndi sikelo, mitundu yonse ya khungu imagwera m'gulu limodzi mwamagawo asanu ndi limodzi:

• Lembani 1: Khungu laminyanga ya njovu lomwe nthawi zonse limagundagunda ndi kuwotcha, osaluka
• Lembani 2: khungu loyera kapena lotumbululuka lomwe limayaka komanso kusamba nthawi zambiri, pang'ono pang'ono
• Lembani 3: khungu loyera beige lomwe nthawi zina limayaka, nthawi zina matani
• Mtundu 4: khungu lofiirira kapena khungu la azitona lomwe silimawotchera kawirikawiri, limakhala losavuta
• Lembani 5: khungu lofiirira lomwe silimawotcha kawirikawiri, limayenda mosavuta komanso mwamdima
• Lembani 6: khungu lakuda kapena lakuda lomwe silimayaka kawirikawiri, nthawi zonse matani

Mitundu 1 mpaka 3 ili pachiwopsezo chachikulu chowotchera dzuwa. Ngakhale mitundu 4 mpaka 6 ili ndi chiopsezo chochepa, imathabe kutentha nthawi zina.

Kodi kutentha kwa dzuwa kumawoneka bwanji pakhungu lakuda?

Kupsa ndi dzuwa kumawoneka mosiyana ndi khungu lowala komanso lakuda. Kwa anthu akhungu lowala, zimawoneka ngati zofiira ndikumva kutentha, zopweteka, kapena zonse ziwiri. Khungu lotenthedwa limamvanso lolimba.

Koma anthu akhungu lakuda sangazindikire kufiira kulikonse. Komabe, adzakhala ndi zizindikilo zina zonse, monga kutentha, chidwi, ndi kuyabwa. Pakatha masiku angapo, khungu lililonse limatha kuwona.

Kupsa ndi dzuwa nthawi zambiri kumakhala bwino pakadutsa sabata. Milandu yayikulu imatha kubweretsa zoopsa ngati kutentha kwa kutentha.

Onani wothandizira zaumoyo kapena kambiranani ndi anthu opatsirana mwadzidzidzi ngati kutentha kwa dzuwa kukubwera ndi izi:

• kutentha kwakukulu
• kunjenjemera
• khungu lotupa kapena lotupa
• kumva kutopa, chizungulire, kapena mseru
• kupweteka mutu
• kukokana kwa minofu

Kodi ndingapeze khansa yapakhungu?

Anthu akhungu lakuda amatha kutenga khansa yapakhungu, ngakhale ngozi yake ndiyotsika poyerekeza ndi azungu.

M'malo mwake, zolemba zomwe azungu ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha khansa ya khansa, yotsatiridwa ndi Amwenye aku America ndi Alaska Natives, Hispanics, Asians and Pacific Islanders, ndipo, pomaliza, anthu akuda.

Koma khansa yapakhungu imatha kubweretsa zovuta zowopsa pakhungu lakuda. Zomwezi zidapezanso kuchuluka kwa omwe amafa ndi khansa yapakhungu anali okwera mwa anthu omwe ali ndi khungu lakuda.

Ndi chifukwa chakuti amapezeka kuti amapezeka patapita nthawi pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo kukondera kwamankhwala.

Sikuti amangokhala padzuwa

Zinthu zingapo kunja kwa dzuwa zimakhudza chiopsezo cha khansa yapakhungu, kuphatikizapo:

• mbiri ya banja
• ntchito pogona
• kuchuluka kwa timadontho-timadontho-tating'ono
• Mankhwala opepuka a UV a psoriasis ndi chikanga
• mikhalidwe yokhudzana ndi kachilombo ka HPV
• mikhalidwe yomwe imafooketsa chitetezo chanu chamthupi

Kodi pali zizindikiro zoyambirira za khansa yapakhungu zomwe ndiyenera kuyang'anira?

Kuyang'anitsitsa khungu lanu nthawi zonse kumatha kupita kutali zikafika podziwa khansa yapakhungu koyambirira.

Kumbukirani, dzuwa silokhalo lomwe limayambitsa khansa yapakhungu. Mutha kukhala ndi khansa yapakhungu m'malo amthupi mwanu omwe samadziwika ndi dzuwa.

Mwinamwake mwamvapo za zizindikiro zofala izi:

• zazikulu, zosintha, kapena zopanda timadzi
• Zilonda kapena zotupa zomwe zimatuluka magazi, kutuluka, kapena kupindika
• zigamba za khungu zosawoneka bwino zomwe sizichiza

Zonsezi ndizinthu zofunika kuziyang'ana pa ziwalo za thupi. Koma anthu omwe ali ndi khungu lakuda amatha kutengera mtundu wa khansa yotchedwa acral lentiginous melanoma (ALM). Imadziwonetsera yokha m'malo obisika pang'ono, monga:

• manja
• zidendene za mapazi
• pansi pa misomali

Anthu akhungu loyera nawonso amalimbikitsidwa kuti ayang'ane pakamwa pawo pazovuta komanso kwina kulikonse zotsatirazi:

• mawanga akuda, zophuka, kapena zigamba zomwe zikuwoneka kuti zikusintha
• zigamba zomwe zimamveka zolimba komanso zowuma
• mizere yakuda pansi kapena mozungulira zikhadabo zazing'ono ndi zala zazing'ono

Perekani khungu lanu cheke kamodzi pamwezi. Tsatirani dermatologist kamodzi pachaka kuti mukhale pamwamba pazinthu.

Kodi ndingadziteteze bwanji kuti ndisatengeke ndi dzuwa?

Kuteteza khungu lanu mokwanira ku kuwala kwa dzuwa ndikofunikira popewa kutentha kwa dzuwa.

Izi ndizofunikira kutsatira:

Ikani mafuta oteteza ku dzuwa

Sankhani zoteteza ku dzuwa ndi SPF yochepera 30 kuti muteteze bwino. Ngati mukukonzekera kuthera nthawi yayitali padzuwa, gwiritsani ntchito mphindi 30 musanatuluke panja.

Katemera (wokwanira kudzaza galasi lowombera) amafunika kuphimba mokwanira nkhope ndi thupi la munthu wamkulu. Musaiwale madera ngati makutu, milomo, ndi zikope.

Kumbukirani kuyikanso

Kudzikongoletsa ndi sunscreen ndikwabwino, koma zotsatira zake sizikhala zazitali ngati simumazibwerezanso.

Ndibwino kuti mugwiritsenso ntchito zoteteza ku dzuwa maola awiri aliwonse. Ngati mwakhala mukusambira kapena kutuluka thukuta, muyenera kuyitananso isanafike nthawi ino.

Khalani mumthunzi nthawi zazitali kwambiri

Pakati pa 10 koloko mpaka 4 koloko masana ndipamene dzuwa limakhala lamphamvu kwambiri. Mwina muchepetse kuwonekera kwanu kapena kubisa panthawiyi.

Onetsetsani kuti muli ndi zida zoyenera

Chipewa chachikulu ndi magalasi oteteza maso omwe amalepheretsa 99% ya kuwala kwa UV ndikofunikira. Muthanso kuganizira zogula zovala zoteteza dzuwa.

Mfundo yofunika

Ngakhale khungu lanu likhale lotani, ndikofunika kuteteza ku dzuwa. Mwayi wa khansa yapakhungu komanso kuwotchedwa ndi dzuwa ukhoza kukhala wocheperako mwa anthu akhungu lakuda, komabe pali mwayi wopeza mwina.

Kusunga inu ndi khungu lanu otetezeka ndikosavuta ndikudziwa pang'ono. Kukumbukira momwe mungatetezere khungu lanu ku cheza cha UV ndi gawo lofunikira. Komanso kudziwa kudziwa zizindikiro zakupsa komanso zomwe zingayambitse khansa.

Ndipo ngati mumakhala ndi nkhawa ndi khungu lanu, musazengereze kusungitsa nthawi yokumana ndi wokuthandizani.