Matenda Amatenda

Zamkati

• Zizindikiro zake ndi ziti?
• Magawo a Matenda Amatenda
• Gawo 1
• Gawo 2
• Gawo 3
• Gawo 4
• Gawo 5
• Ndani amadwala matenda amisempha?
• Kodi amapezeka bwanji?
• Amachizidwa bwanji?
• Opaleshoni ya Laser (photocoagulation)
• Kuchiza opaleshoni
• Jakisoni wa Intravitreal
• Vitrectomy
• Mapuloteni
• Maonekedwe ndi zovuta zomwe zingakhalepo

Kodi matenda a malaya ndi chiyani?

Matenda amisempha ndimatenda amaso osowa omwe amakhudzana ndikukula kwamitsempha yamagazi m'diso. Ili kumbuyo kwa diso, diso limatumiza zithunzi zochepa kuubongo ndipo ndizofunika kuti muwone.

Mwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a Coats, ma capillaries a retina amatseguka ndikutulutsa madzi kumbuyo kwa diso. Pamene madzi amayamba kukula, diso limayamba kutupikana. Izi zitha kupangitsa kuti diso likhale laling'ono kapena lathunthu, zomwe zingayambitse kuchepa kwa khungu kapena khungu m'maso.

Nthawi zambiri, matendawa amakhudza diso limodzi lokha. Nthawi zambiri amapezeka muubwana. Zomwe zimayambitsa sizikudziwika, koma kulowererapo koyambirira kungathandize kupulumutsa masomphenya anu.

Zizindikiro zake ndi ziti?

Zizindikiro nthawi zambiri zimayamba ali mwana. Amatha kukhala ofatsa poyamba, koma anthu ena amakhala ndi zizindikiro zoyipa nthawi yomweyo. Zizindikiro ndi monga:

• chikasu cha diso lachikaso (chofanana ndi diso lofiira) chomwe chitha kuwoneka pazithunzi zakujambula
• strabismus, kapena maso owoloka
• leukocoria, misa yoyera kuseri kwa mandala a diso
• kutaya kuzindikira kwakuya
• kuwonongeka kwa masomphenya

Zizindikiro zamtsogolo zingaphatikizepo:

• kutulutsa kofiira kwa iris
• uveitis, kapena kutupa kwa diso
• gulu la diso
• khungu
• ng'ala
• kupweteka kwa diso

Zizindikiro nthawi zambiri zimachitika m'diso limodzi, ngakhale zimatha kukhudza zonse ziwiri.

Magawo a Matenda Amatenda

Matenda a malaya ndi mkhalidwe wopita patsogolo womwe wagawidwa m'magawo asanu.

Gawo 1

Kumatenda a Coats koyambirira, adotolo amatha kuwona kuti muli ndi mitsempha yamagazi yachilendo, koma sanayambe kutayikabe.

Gawo 2

Mitsempha yamagazi yayamba kutayikira madzi mu diso. Ngati kutayikako kuli kochepa, mutha kukhalabe ndi masomphenya abwinobwino. Ndikutulutsa kokulirapo, mwina mwina mukukumana ndi kutaya kwamasomphenya. Chiwopsezo chokhala ndi vuto la kupindika m'maso kumakula m'madzi amadziunjikira.

Gawo 3

Diso lanu limawonongeka pang'ono kapena pang'ono.

Gawo 4

Mwapanga kupanikizika kowonjezereka m'maso, kotchedwa glaucoma.

Gawo 5

Mu matenda otsogola a Coats, mwatayika kwathunthu m'maso okhudzidwa. Mwinanso mwakhala mukukula khungu (kutulutsa mandala) kapena phthisis bulbi (atrophy of the eyeball).

Ndani amadwala matenda amisempha?

Aliyense atha kudwala Matenda a Malaya, koma ndizosowa kwenikweni. Ndi ochepera anthu 200,000 ku United States omwe ali nawo. Zimakhudza amuna kuposa akazi ndi chiŵerengero cha 3 mpaka 1.

Avereji ya zaka zapakati pazaka 8 mpaka 16. Mwa ana omwe ali ndi matenda a Coats, pafupifupi magawo awiri mwa atatu aliwonse amakhala ndi zizindikilo ali ndi zaka 10. Pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa atatu mwa anthu aliwonse omwe ali ndi matenda a Coats ali ndi zaka 30 kapena kupitilira apo zizindikiro zikayamba.

Zikuwoneka kuti sizinatengeredwe kapena kulumikizana ndi mtundu kapena fuko. Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a Coats sizinatsimikizidwe.

Kodi amapezeka bwanji?

Ngati inu (kapena mwana wanu) muli ndi zizindikiro za matenda a Malaya, pitani kuchipatala nthawi yomweyo. Kulowererapo koyambirira kungapulumutse masomphenya anu. Komanso, zizindikilo zimatha kutengera zina mwazinthu zina, monga retinoblastoma, yomwe imatha kupha moyo.

Kuzindikira kumachitika pambuyo pofufuza bwino za ophthalmic, kuphatikiza kuwunika kwa zidziwitso ndi mbiri yazaumoyo. Kuyezetsa matenda kungaphatikizepo mayeso ojambula monga:

• retina fluorescein angiography
• zonena
• Kujambula kwa CT

Amachizidwa bwanji?

Matenda a malaya akupita patsogolo. Ndi chithandizo choyambirira, ndizotheka kubwezeretsanso masomphenya. Zosankha zina ndi izi:

Opaleshoni ya Laser (photocoagulation)

Njirayi imagwiritsa ntchito laser kufinya kapena kuwononga mitsempha. Dokotala wanu amatha kuchita opaleshoniyi kuchipatala kapena kuofesi.

Kuchiza opaleshoni

Kuyesa kuyerekezera kumathandizira kuwongolera singano (cryoprobe) yomwe imatulutsa kuzizira kwambiri. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zipsera pamitsempha yamagazi yachilendo, yomwe imathandizira kuyimitsa kutayikira kwina. Umu ndi momwe mungakonzekerere komanso zomwe muyenera kuyembekezera mukamachira.

Jakisoni wa Intravitreal

Pansi pa mankhwala oletsa ululu m'deralo, dokotala wanu amatha kubaya corticosteroids m'diso lanu kuti athetse kutupa. Ma jakisoni a anti-vasot endothelial grow factor (anti-VEGF) amatha kuchepetsa kukula kwa mitsempha yatsopano ndikuchepetsa kutupa. Majekeseni amatha kuperekedwa kuofesi ya dokotala wanu.

Vitrectomy

Iyi ndi njira yochitira opaleshoni yomwe imachotsa ma vitreous gel ndipo imapereka mwayi wopita ku diso. Dziwani zambiri pazomwe mungachite mukamachira.

Mapuloteni

Njirayi imagwiritsanso ntchito diso ndipo nthawi zambiri imagwiridwira kuchipatala.

Kaya muli ndi chithandizo chanji, muyenera kuwunika mosamala.

Gawo lomaliza la matenda a Coats, atrophy ya diso imatha kubweretsa kuchotsa kwa diso lomwe lakhudzidwa. Njirayi imatchedwa enucleation.

Maonekedwe ndi zovuta zomwe zingakhalepo

Palibe mankhwala a Matenda a Malaya, koma chithandizo choyambirira chingakuthandizeni kuti mukhalebe maso.

Anthu ambiri amalabadira chithandizo. Koma pafupifupi 25% ya anthu amakumana ndi kupita patsogolo komwe kumabweretsa kuchotsedwa kwa diso.

Maganizo ake ndiosiyana kwa aliyense, kutengera siteji yodziwika, kuchuluka kwa kupita patsogolo, komanso kuyankha kwa chithandizo chamankhwala.

Dokotala wanu amatha kuwona momwe muliri ndikukupatsani lingaliro la zomwe mungayembekezere.