Khansa Yoyenera (Colon) Khansa

Zamkati

• Kodi khansa yoyipa ndi yotani?
• Kodi zizindikiro za khansa yoyipa ndi yotani?
• Gawo 3 kapena 4 zizindikiro (zizindikiro zakuchedwa)
• Kodi pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya khansa yoyipa?
• Nchiyani chimayambitsa khansa yoyipa?
• Ndani ali pachiwopsezo cha khansa yoyipa?
• Zomwe zingayambitse chiopsezo
• Zinthu zosintha pachiwopsezo
• Kodi khansa yoyipa imadziwika bwanji?
• Kuyesa kwachinyengo
• Mayeso amwazi wamatsenga okhudzana ndi matsenga (gFOBT)
• Mayeso a Fecal immunochemical (FIT)
• Kuyesedwa kunyumba
• Zida zoyesera
• Kuyezetsa magazi
• Masewera a Sigmoidoscopy
• Zojambulajambula
• X-ray
• Kujambula kwa CT
• Kodi njira zamankhwala zothandizira khansa yoyera ndi iti?
• Opaleshoni
• Chemotherapy
• Mafunde
• Mankhwala ena
• Kodi chiwerengerochi ndi chotani kwa anthu omwe ali ndi khansa yoyipa?
• Kodi khansa yoyipa ingapewedwe?
• Kodi malingaliro akutali ndi otani?

Timaphatikizapo zinthu zomwe timaganiza kuti ndizothandiza kwa owerenga athu. Ngati mutagula maulalo omwe ali patsamba lino, titha kupeza ndalama zochepa. Nayi njira yathu.

Kodi khansa yoyipa ndi yotani?

Khansa yoyipa ndi khansa yomwe imayamba m'matumbo (matumbo akulu) kapena rectum. Ziwalo ziwirizi zili mgawo lam'munsi lam'mimba mwanu. Matendawa ali kumapeto kwa colon.

American Cancer Society (ACS) ikuyerekeza kuti pafupifupi 1 mwa amuna 23 ndi azimayi amodzi mwa amayi 25 amakhala ndi khansa yoyipa nthawi ya moyo wawo.

Dokotala wanu atha kugwiritsa ntchito njira monga chitsogozo kuti mudziwe momwe khansa ilili. Ndikofunika kuti dokotala wanu adziwe gawo la khansa kuti athe kupeza njira yabwino kwambiri yothandizira inu ndikupatseni chiyembekezo chazaka zambiri.

Gawo 0 khansa yoyipa ndiye gawo loyambirira, ndipo gawo 4 ndiye gawo lotsogola kwambiri:

• Gawo 0. Amadziwikanso kuti carcinoma in situ, panthawiyi maselo osazolowereka amangokhala mkatikati mwa coloni kapena rectum.
• Gawo 1. Khansara yalowa m'mbali, kapena mucosa, wam'matumbo kapena wamatumbo ndipo mwina yakula mpaka minyewa. Sinafalikire kumalo am'mimba apafupi kapena mbali zina za thupi.
• Gawo 2. Khansayo yafalikira pamakoma am'matumbo kapena m'matumbo kapena kudzera m'makoma kupita kumatumba oyandikira koma sanakhudze ma lymph node.
• Gawo 3. Khansara yasamukira kumalo am'mimba koma osati mbali zina za thupi.
• Gawo 4. Khansara yafalikira ku ziwalo zina zakutali, monga chiwindi kapena mapapo.

Kodi zizindikiro za khansa yoyipa ndi yotani?

Khansa yoyipa sichitha kukhala ndi zizindikilo zilizonse, makamaka kumayambiriro. Ngati mukukumana ndi zizindikilo kumayambiriro, atha kukhala:

• kudzimbidwa
• kutsegula m'mimba
• kusintha kwa mtundu wa chopondapo
• kusintha kwa chopondera, monga chopondera chopondera
• magazi mu chopondapo
• Kutuluka magazi m'matumbo
• mafuta ochulukirapo
• kukokana m'mimba
• kupweteka m'mimba

Mukawona zina mwazizindikirozi, kambiranani ndi dokotala kuti mukakambirane za kuwunika kwa khansa yoyipa.

Gawo 3 kapena 4 zizindikiro (zizindikiro zakuchedwa)

Zizindikiro za khansa yoyipa imawonekera kwambiri mochedwa (magawo 3 ndi 4). Kuphatikiza pa zizindikiro zomwe zili pamwambazi, mutha kukhalanso ndi izi:

• kutopa kwambiri
• kufooka kosadziwika
• kuonda mwangozi
• zosintha mu mpando wanu womwe umatenga nthawi yayitali kuposa mwezi
• kumverera kuti matumbo anu sadzatulukiratu
• kusanza

Ngati khansa yoyipa imafalikira mbali zina za thupi lanu, mutha kukhalanso ndi izi:

• jaundice, kapena maso achikasu ndi khungu
• kutupa m'manja kapena m'mapazi
• kupuma movutikira
• mutu wopweteka
• kusawona bwino
• kuphwanya mafupa

Kodi pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya khansa yoyipa?

Ngakhale khansa yamitundumitundu imamveka yodzifotokozera, pali mitundu yopitilira imodzi. Kusiyana kumeneku kumakhudzana ndi mitundu yamaselo omwe amatembenuza khansa komanso komwe amapangira.

Mtundu wofala kwambiri wa khansa yoyipa imayamba kuchokera ku adenocarcinomas. Malinga ndi ACS, adenocarcinomas amapanga khansa yoyipa kwambiri. Pokhapokha ngati dokotala wanena mosiyana, khansa yanu yoyipa ndi iyi.

Adenocarcinomas amapanga mkati mwa maselo omwe amapanga ntchofu m'matumbo kapena m'matumbo.

Nthawi zambiri, khansa yoyipa imayamba chifukwa cha zotupa zina, monga:

• ma lymphomas, omwe amatha kupanga ma lymph node kapena colon yoyamba
• carcinoids, yomwe imayamba m'maselo opanga ma mahomoni m'matumbo mwanu
• sarcomas, omwe amapanga minofu yofewa monga minofu ya m'matumbo
• zotupa zam'mimba, zomwe zimatha kuyamba kukhala zowopsa kenako kukhala khansa (Nthawi zambiri zimapanga m'mimba, koma kawirikawiri m'matumbo.)

Nchiyani chimayambitsa khansa yoyipa?

Ofufuzawa akadali kuphunzira zomwe zimayambitsa khansa yoyipa.

Khansa imatha kuyambitsidwa ndi kusintha kwa majini, atengera cholowa kapena kutengera. Kusintha kumeneku sikukutsimikizirani kuti mudzakhala ndi khansa yoyipa, koma kumawonjezera mwayi wanu.

Zosintha zina zitha kupangitsa kuti maselo osakhazikika azikundana m'mbali mwa kholingo, ndikupanga ma polyp. Izi ndizophuka zazing'ono, zopanda pake.

Kuchotsa izi kudzera mu opaleshoni kungakhale njira yodzitetezera. Ma polyps osachiritsidwa amatha kukhala khansa.

Ndani ali pachiwopsezo cha khansa yoyipa?

Pali mndandanda wochulukirapo wazinthu zoopsa zomwe zimachitika zokha kapena kuphatikiza kuti ziwonjezere mwayi wamunthu wokhala ndi khansa yoyipa.

Zomwe zingayambitse chiopsezo

Zina mwazinthu zomwe zimawonjezera chiopsezo chanu chokhala ndi khansa yoyipa siyingapeweke ndipo sizingasinthidwe. Zaka ndi chimodzi mwa izo. Mwayi wanu wodwala khansa ukuwonjezeka mukakwanitsa zaka 50.

Zina mwazomwe zakhala pachiwopsezo ndi izi:

• mbiri yakale ya polyp polyps
• mbiri yakale yamatenda am'mimba
• mbiri ya banja la khansa yoyipa
• kukhala ndi ma syndromes ena amtundu, monga banja adenomatous polyposis (FAP)
• kukhala ochokera ku Eastern Europe achiyuda kapena aku Africa

Zinthu zosintha pachiwopsezo

Zina mwaziwopsezo zimatha kupewedwa. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mutha kuwasintha kuti achepetse chiopsezo chanu chokhala ndi khansa yoyipa. Zowopsa zomwe zingapewe monga:

• kunenepa kwambiri kapena kunenepa kwambiri
• kukhala wosuta
• kukhala chidakwa
• kukhala ndi matenda ashuga amtundu wa 2
• kukhala moyo wongokhala
• kudya chakudya chambiri chodya

Kodi khansa yoyipa imadziwika bwanji?

Kuzindikira koyambirira kwa khansa yoyipa kumakupatsani mpata wabwino wowachiritsa.

American College of Physicians (ACP) imalimbikitsa kuwunikira anthu omwe ali ndi zaka 50 mpaka 75, omwe amakhala pachiwopsezo chodwala, ndikukhala ndi moyo wazaka zosachepera 10.

Awa amalimbikitsa kuwunikira anthu azaka zapakati pa 50 ndi 79 komanso omwe ali ndi zaka 15 kuti akhale ndi vutoli ndi 3%.

Dokotala wanu ayamba kupeza zambiri zamankhwala anu komanso mbiri yabanja lanu. Ayeneranso kuyesa thupi. Amatha kukanikiza pamimba panu kapena kuchita mayeso owerengera kuti muwone ngati pali zotupa kapena tizilombo tating'onoting'ono.

Kuyesa kwachinyengo

Mutha kuyesedwa kwazakudya zaka 1 kapena 2 zilizonse. Mayeso a Fecal amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti apeze magazi obisika mu mpando wanu. Pali mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu, guaiac-based fecal occult blood test (gFOBT) ndi fecal immunochemical test (FIT).

Mayeso amwazi wamatsenga okhudzana ndi matsenga (gFOBT)

Guaiac ndi chinthu chopangidwa ndi chomera chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuphimba khadi lomwe lili ndi chopondapo chanu. Ngati pali magazi aliwonse mu chopondapo chanu, khadi imasintha mtundu.

Muyenera kupewa zakudya ndi mankhwala ena, monga nyama yofiira komanso mankhwala osagwiritsa ntchito ma anti-inflammatory (NSAIDs), musanayesedwe. Zitha kusokoneza zotsatira za mayeso anu.

Mayeso a Fecal immunochemical (FIT)

FIT imazindikira hemoglobin, puloteni yomwe imapezeka m'magazi. Imawerengedwa kuti ndi yolondola kwambiri kuposa kuyesa kwa guaiac.

Izi ndichifukwa choti FIT ndiyokayikitsa kuti ipeze magazi ochokera kumtunda kwam'mimba (mtundu wamagazi omwe samachitika kawirikawiri ndi khansa yoyipa). Komanso, zotsatira za kuyesaku sizikukhudzidwa ndi zakudya komanso mankhwala.

Kuyesedwa kunyumba

Chifukwa mitundu yambiri yamagetsi ndiyofunikira pamayesowa, dokotala wanu angakupatseni zida zoyeserera kuti mugwiritse ntchito kunyumba m'malo moyesedwa muofesi.

Mayesero onsewa atha kuchitidwanso ndimakiti oyesera kunyumba omwe agulidwa pa intaneti kuchokera kumakampani monga LetsGetChecked ndi Everlywell.

Makiti ambiri ogulidwa pa intaneti amafuna kuti mutumize choyikapo chopumira ku labu kuti akawunikenso. Zotsatira zanu ziyenera kupezeka pa intaneti pasanathe masiku asanu ogwira ntchito. Pambuyo pake, mudzakhala ndi mwayi wofunsira gulu lazachipatala pazotsatira zanu.

The Second Generation FIT itha kugulidwanso pa intaneti, koma choyikapo chopondapo sichiyenera kutumizidwa ku labu. Zotsatira za mayeso zimapezeka pasanathe mphindi 5. Mayesowa ndi olondola, ovomerezeka ndi FDA, ndipo amatha kuzindikira zina monga colitis. Komabe, palibe gulu lachipatala lomwe mungafikire ngati muli ndi mafunso pazotsatira zanu.

Zida zoyesera

Mayeso apanyumba atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuti azindikire magazi mu chopondapo, chizindikiro chofunikira cha khansa yoyipa. Agulitseni pa intaneti:

• LetsGetChecked Colon Cancer Kuyesa Mayeso
• Mayeso a Kuwonetsetsa Khansa ya Everlywell FIT
• Gulu Lachiwiri FIT (Fecal Immunochemical Test)

Kuyezetsa magazi

Dokotala wanu amatha kuyesa magazi kuti adziwe zomwe zimayambitsa matenda anu. Kuyesa kwa chiwindi komanso kuwerengera kwathunthu kwamagazi kumatha kuchotsa matenda ena ndi zovuta zina.

Masewera a Sigmoidoscopy

Osavuta kwambiri, sigmoidoscopy amalola dokotala wanu kuti awone gawo lomaliza la colon yanu, lomwe limadziwika kuti sigmoid colon, pazovuta. Njirayi, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti sigmoidoscopy yosinthasintha, imakhudza chubu chosinthika chokhala ndi nyali.

ACP imalimbikitsa sigmoidoscopy zaka 10 zilizonse, pomwe BMJ imalimbikitsa sigmoidoscopy kamodzi.

Zojambulajambula

Colonoscopy imaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito chubu lalitali chokhala ndi kamera yaying'ono. Njirayi imalola dokotala wanu kuti awone mkati mwanu ndi m'matumbo kuti muwone chilichonse chachilendo. Nthawi zambiri amachitidwa pambuyo poyesedwa kosafunikira kwenikweni kukuwonetsa kuti mutha kukhala ndi khansa yoyipa.

Pakati pa colonoscopy, dokotala wanu amathanso kuchotsa minofu m'malo osazolowereka. Zitsanzo zamtunduwu zimatha kutumizidwa ku labotale kuti zikawunikidwe.

Mwa njira zomwe zilipo zowunikira, sigmoidoscopies ndi colonoscopies ndizothandiza kwambiri podziwa kukula komwe kungakhale khansa yoyipa.

ACP imalimbikitsa colonoscopy zaka khumi zilizonse, pomwe BMJ imalimbikitsa koloni imodzi.

X-ray

Dokotala wanu akhoza kuyitanitsa X-ray pogwiritsa ntchito njira yotsutsana ndi poizoni yomwe imakhala ndi mankhwala a barium.

Dokotala wanu amalowetsa madzi awa m'matumbo anu pogwiritsa ntchito enema ya barium. Kamodzi m'malo mwake, yankho la barium limaphimba zokutira za m'matumbo. Izi zimathandizira kukonza zithunzithunzi za X-ray.

Kujambula kwa CT

Kujambula kwa CT kumamupatsa dokotala chithunzi chanu chatsatanetsatane. Kujambula kwa CT komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pozindikira khansa yoyipa nthawi zina kumatchedwa colonoscopy.

Kodi njira zamankhwala zothandizira khansa yoyera ndi iti?

Chithandizo cha khansa yoyipa imadalira pazinthu zosiyanasiyana. Mkhalidwe wa thanzi lanu lonse komanso gawo la khansa yanu yoyipa imathandizira dokotala wanu kupanga dongosolo lamankhwala.

Opaleshoni

Kumayambiriro koyamba kwa khansa yoyipa, mwina dokotala wanu amatha kuchotsa ma polyps a khansa kudzera mu opaleshoni. Ngati polyp sanalumikizane ndi khoma la matumbo, mwina mudzakhala ndi malingaliro abwino.

Ngati khansa yanu yafalikira m'makoma anu, dotolo wanu angafunikire kuchotsa gawo lina la m'matumbo kapena ma rectum limodzi ndi ma lymph node oyandikana nawo. Ngati kuli kotheka, dokotalayo adzagwiritsanso ntchito gawo lotsalira la m'matumbo mpaka kumtunda.

Ngati izi sizingatheke, amatha kupanga colostomy. Izi zimaphatikizapo kupanga pakhoma pamimba pochotsa zinyalala. Colostomy ikhoza kukhala yakanthawi kochepa kapena yosatha.

Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy imaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo kupha ma cell a khansa. Kwa anthu omwe ali ndi khansa yoyipa, chemotherapy imachitika pambuyo poti achite opaleshoni, ikagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwononga maselo amtundu uliwonse a khansa. Chemotherapy imayang'ananso kukula kwa zotupa.

Mankhwala a chemotherapy omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza khansa yoyipa ndi awa:

• capecitabine (Xeloda)
• phulusa
• oxaliplatin (Eloxatin)
• irinotecan (Camptosar)

Chemotherapy nthawi zambiri imabwera ndi zovuta zomwe zimafunika kuwongoleredwa ndi mankhwala owonjezera.

Mafunde

Poizoniyu amagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yayikulu yamphamvu, yofanana ndi yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito mu X-ray, kulimbana ndi kuwononga maselo a khansa asanachitike kapena atachitidwa opaleshoni. Mankhwala a radiation amapezeka nthawi zambiri limodzi ndi chemotherapy.

Mankhwala ena

Mankhwala othandizira ndi ma immunotherapies amathanso kulimbikitsidwa. Mankhwala omwe avomerezedwa ndi Food and Drug Administration (FDA) kuchiza khansa yoyipa ndi awa:

• bevacizumab (Avastin)
• ramucirumab (Cyramza)
• ziv-aflibercept (Zaltrap)
• cetuximab (Erbitux)
• panitumumab (Vectibix)
• regorafenib (Stivarga)
• pembrolizumab (Keytruda)
• nivolumab (Opdivo)
• ipilimumab (Yervoy)

Amatha kuchiza khansa yam'mimba, yam'mimba, yam'mimba yosayankha mitundu ina yamankhwala ndipo yafalikira mbali zina za thupi.

Kodi chiwerengerochi ndi chotani kwa anthu omwe ali ndi khansa yoyipa?

Kukhala ndi matenda a khansa yoyipa kumatha kudetsa nkhawa, koma khansa yamtunduwu imachiritsidwa kwambiri, makamaka ikagwidwa msanga.

Kuchuluka kwa zaka zisanu pazaka zonse za khansa ya m'matumbo akuti ndi 63 peresenti kutengera zomwe zachitika kuyambira 2009 mpaka 2015. Kwa khansa ya m'matumbo, zaka 5 zapulumuka ndi 67 peresenti.

Kupulumuka kwa zaka 5 kukuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe adapulumuka zaka zosachepera zisanu atadziwika.

Njira zochiritsiranso zatithandizanso kuthana ndi matenda a khansa ya m'matumbo.

Malingana ndi University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, mu 2015, nthawi yopulumuka ya khansa ya khansa yachinayi inali pafupifupi miyezi 30. M'zaka za m'ma 1990, avareji inali miyezi 6 mpaka 8.

Nthawi yomweyo, madotolo tsopano akuwona khansa yoyipa mwa achinyamata. Zina mwa izi zitha kukhala chifukwa chakusankha mayendedwe oyipa.

Malinga ndi ACS, pomwe kufa kwa khansa yamitundumitundu kunachepa mwa achikulire, kufa kwa anthu ochepera zaka 50 kunakwera pakati pa 2008 ndi 2017.

Kodi khansa yoyipa ingapewedwe?

Zowopsa zina za khansa yoyipa, monga mbiri ya banja komanso zaka, sizitetezedwa.

Komabe, zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa khansa yoyipa ali zitha kupewedwa, ndipo zitha kuthandiza kuchepetsa chiopsezo chanu chotenga matendawa.

Mutha kuchitapo kanthu tsopano kuti muchepetse chiopsezo chanu mwa:

• kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa nyama yofiira yomwe mumadya
• kupewa nyama zosinthidwa, monga agalu otentha ndi nyama zotentha
• kudya zakudya zambiri zopangidwa ndi mbewu
• kuchepa kwamafuta azakudya
• kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi tsiku lililonse
• kuonda, ngati dokotala akuvomereza
• kusiya kusuta
• kuchepetsa kumwa mowa
• kuchepetsa nkhawa
• kusamalira matenda ashuga omwe adalipo kale

Njira ina yodzitetezera ndikuwonetsetsa kuti mwapimidwa ndi zaka 50. Kuwonetsetsa khansa kapena colonoscopy kumawonekera.

Kodi malingaliro akutali ndi otani?

Akagwidwa msanga, khansa yoyera imatha.

Atazindikira msanga, anthu ambiri amakhala zaka 5 atawapeza. Ngati khansara sidzabweranso nthawi imeneyo, pali mwayi wochepa kwambiri wobwereranso, makamaka ngati mudali ndi matenda oyambira msanga.