Momwe mungapangire madzi abwino kumwa

Zamkati

• 1. Zosefera ndi zoyeretsera madzi
• 2. Mankhwala ophera tizilombo
• 3. Wiritsani
• 4. Njira zina

Kuchiza madzi kunyumba kuti amwe, pambuyo pa tsoka, ndi njira yopezeka mosavuta yomwe World Health Organisation (WHO) imaganiza kuti ndi yothandiza popewa matenda osiyanasiyana omwe amatha kufalikira ndi madzi owonongeka, monga chiwindi A, kolera kapena typhoid fever.

Pazinthu izi, zinthu zomwe zimapezeka mosavuta zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito, monga bulitchi, komanso kuwala kwa dzuwa komanso madzi otentha.

Izi ndi njira zomwe zimawerengedwa kuti ndizothandiza kukonza madzi pang'ono, ndikuchepetsa mwayi wopeza matenda aliwonse:

1. Zosefera ndi zoyeretsera madzi

Zosefera zamadzi nthawi zambiri ndizosavuta kupanga ndipo zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito madziwo atakhala odetsedwa, koma palibe kukayikira kuti yayipitsidwa ndi mabakiteriya owopsa. Zipangizozi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchokera ku kandulo yapakati yomwe imakhala ndi zosafunika, monga nthaka ndi zina. Zosefera zimatha kuchotsa dothi m'madzi ndipo imodzi mwazabwino zake ndikuti safunikira kugwiritsa ntchito magetsi, kuwonjezera pokhala ndi mtengo wotsika mtengo, poyerekeza ndi oyeretsa madzi.

Komabe, choyeretsera madzi chimakhala ndi mwayi kuposa fyuluta, chifukwa, kuphatikiza pa fyuluta yapakati, nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi chipinda choyeretsera chokhala ndi matekinoloje apadera, monga mapampu kapena nyali za ultra-violet, zomwe zimatha kuthetsa mabakiteriya.

Kaya zosefera kapena zoyeretsa zili zofunikira kwambiri kuti muwone ngati chidindo cha Inmetro, chomwe ndi National Institute of Metrology, Standardization ndi Industrial Quality, kuti zitsimikizire kuti fyuluta kapena choyeretsacho ndichothandiza kuti madzi akhale abwino kumwa .

2. Mankhwala ophera tizilombo

Mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndi njira ina yothandiza kwambiri yochotsera mabakiteriya m'madzi ndikupangitsa kuti azimwa, ndikuchepetsa mavuto azaumoyo. Njira zazikulu ndi izi:

• Sodium hypochlorite / bulichi: hypochlorite ndiyabwino kutetezera madzi, ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale yabwino kumwa, ndipo imapezeka mosavuta mu bleach yopanda utoto, yomwe imakhala pakati pa 2 ndi 2.5% sodium hypochlorite. Madontho awiri okha ndi omwe ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuyeretsa madzi okwanira 1 litre, ndipo azichita kwa mphindi 15 mpaka 30 asanamwe;
• Hydrosteril: ndi chinthu chomwe chingagwiritsidwe ntchito m'malo mwa sodium hypochlorite ndipo chidapangidwa kuti chithetse mabakiteriya am'madzi ndi chakudya, ndipo amatha kupezeka m'misika ina. Kuti madziwo akhale abwino kumwa, madontho awiri a mankhwalawo ayenera kuikidwa 1 litre la madzi, ndikudikirira kwa mphindi 15.
• Zojambulajambula: ndizothandiza kuyeretsa madzi, chifukwa ndiosavuta kunyamula m'matumba kapena m'matumba, ndipo ingowonjezerani piritsi limodzi mu madzi okwanira 1 litre ndikudikirira kuti muchitepo kanthu kwa mphindi 15 mpaka 30. Zitsanzo zina zofala kwambiri ndi Clor-in kapena Aquatabs.
• Ayodini: imapezeka mosavuta m'masitolo, ndipo ndi njira ina yothetsera madzi, pofunikanso madontho awiri pa lita imodzi yamadzi, ndipo mulole ichitepo kanthu kwa mphindi 20 mpaka 30. Kugwiritsa ntchito kwake sikukuwonetsedwa kwa amayi apakati, anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a chithokomiro kapena omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a lithiamu, chifukwa zingakhale zovulaza panthawiyi.

Njira zophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kapena kuchotsa mabakiteriya, ngakhale zili zothandiza kusiya madzi akumwa, sizimachotsa zonyansa zina, monga zitsulo zolemera kapena lead, motero ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha zosefera kapena zoyeretsera zilibe.

3. Wiritsani

Madzi owiritsa ndiyonso njira yabwino kwambiri yopangira madzi akumwa m'malo omwe mulibe zosefera kapena zoyeretsera, komabe, kuti zitsimikizire kuti tizilombo tachotsedwa, tikulimbikitsidwa kupukuta madziwo ndi nsalu yoyera kenako kuwiritsa madziwo ku osachepera mphindi 5.

Madzi owiritsa amatha kukhala ndi kukoma kosasangalatsa ndipo, kuti kukoma uku kusowa, mutha kuyika chidutswa cha mandimu pomwe chimazizira kapena kuwulutsa madzi, zomwe zitha kuchitidwa posintha kangapo.

4. Njira zina

Kuphatikiza pa kusefera, kuyeretsa, kupewetsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi kuwira, palinso njira zina zochotsera zosafunika m'madzi, monga:

• Kutulutsa madzi dzuwa, mu botolo la PET kapena chidebe cha pulasitiki, ndikusiya maola 6 padzuwa. Njirayi ndi yoyenera kwambiri pamene madzi sakuoneka akuda;
• Kukonzekera Zimaphatikizapo kusiya madzi akuyimirira mu chidebe kwa maola ambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti dothi lolemera likhale pansi. Mukasiya nthawi yayitali, kuyeretsa kumakulanso.
• Fyuluta yokometsera, zomwe ndizotheka kugwiritsa ntchito botolo lanyama, ubweya wa akiliriki, miyala yoyera, mpweya wotseguka, mchenga ndi miyala yolimba. Ubweya wa akililiki uyenera kulowetsedwa ndi zosakaniza zina, mwadongosolo lomwe latchulidwa. Kenako, ingopani mabakiteriya ndi njira iliyonse yothira tizilombo.

Njirazi sizothandiza monga tafotokozera kale, koma zitha kukhala zothandiza m'malo osavomerezeka kapena komwe kulibe njira zina. Mwanjira imeneyi, ndizotheka kumwa madzi popanda kuyika thanzi lanu pachiwopsezo. Pezani zotsatira za kumwa madzi owonongeka.