Pezani Antipsychotic Yabwino Kwambiri ya Ana

Zamkati

• Takulandilani
• Kodi Atypical Antipsychotic Amagwira Ntchito Motani Ndipo Ndani Amawafuna?
• Zomwe Zimayesedwa ndi Atypical Antipsychotic
• Matenda achizungu
• Matenda a Bipolar
• Aripiprazole (Limbikitsani)
• Quetiapine (Seroquel)
• Olanzapine ndi Risperidone
• Mavuto Akukula Akufalikira
• Zovuta Zosokoneza Khalidwe
• Chitetezo cha Atypical Antipsychotic
• Zovuta zachitetezo ndimankhwala osokoneza bongo a ana ndi achinyamata
• Kulemera
• Mavuto Amtima ndi Shuga
• Khalidwe lodzipha
• Zotsatira zina zoyipa
• Kusankha Antypychychotic ya Ana
• Kulankhula ndi Dotolo Wanu
• Momwe tidawunikirira Antipsychotic
• Kugawana Lipotili
• Zambiri zaife
• Zolemba

• Chidule
• Lipoti Lonse

Mankhwala omwe amatchedwa antipychotic antipsychotic, omwe amaphatikizapo aripiprazole (Abilify), asenapine (Saphris), clozapine (Clozaril), iloperidone (Fanapt), olanzapine (Zyprexa), paliperidone (Invega), quetiapine (Seroquel), risperidone (Risperdone) (Geodon), amapatsidwa kwa ana ndi achinyamata kuti athe kuchiza matenda a schizophrenia ndi matenda ochititsa munthu kusinthasintha zochitika. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito kuyesa kuchepetsa kupsa mtima, kukwiya, komanso zikhalidwe zodzivulaza zomwe zimakhudzana ndi zovuta zomwe zikuwonjezeka pakukula, kuphatikiza autism ndi Asperger syndrome, komanso zovuta zosokoneza machitidwe. Koma kupereka mankhwalawa kwa achinyamata ndizovuta chifukwa sanaphunzire bwino, ndipo chitetezo cha nthawi yayitali kwa ana ndi achinyamata sichidziwika.

Kafukufuku mwa achikulire apeza kuti ma antipsychotic atypical amatha kuyambitsa zovuta zoyipa, chifukwa chake chitetezo chanthawi yayitali chimakhudzanso momwe amagwiritsira ntchito ana. Zina mwazovuta kwambiri zimaphatikizapo mayendedwe osalamulirika ndi kunjenjemera komwe kumafanana ndi matenda a Parkinson (omwe amadziwika kuti extrapyramidal zviratidzo), chiopsezo chowonjezeka cha matenda ashuga, kunenepa kwambiri, komanso kuchuluka kwama cholesterol ndi triglyceride. Mankhwala opatsirana pogonana amatha kuwonjezera ngozi yakufa msanga, makamaka chifukwa cha zikwapu, kwa achikulire omwe ali ndi vuto la misala. Zowopsa izi zaphunziridwa makamaka mwa akulu; zomwe zimachitika mwa ana sizidziwika bwino pakadali pano.

Chifukwa cha kusowa kwa umboni, sitingathe kusankha Best Buy atypical antipsychotic kwa ana omwe ali ndi schizophrenia, matenda ochititsa munthu kusinthasintha zochitika, mavuto omwe akukula pakukula, kapena zovuta zamakhalidwe. M'malo mwake, alangizi athu azachipatala amalimbikitsa kuti makolo azisamala mosamala za kuopsa ndi zopindulitsa zomwe zingachitike. Ana omwe ali ndi vutoli ayenera kulandira chithandizo chokwanira, chomwe chimaphatikizapo kuzindikira zamakhalidwe, maphunziro oyang'anira makolo, ndi mapulogalamu apadera a maphunziro, komanso mankhwala aliwonse omwe angakhale nawo.

Kusankha kugwiritsa ntchito imodzi mwa mankhwalawa kuyenera kuchitidwa mogwirizana ndi dokotala wa mwana wanu. Mfundo zofunika ndikuphatikizira mtengo, womwe ungakhale wokulirapo, zoyipa zomwe zingachitike, komanso ngati mankhwalawa awonetsedwa kuti ndi othandiza pazovuta kwambiri za mwana wanu. Ngati mwana wanu ali ndi vuto limodzi, mwachitsanzo, ADHD kapena kukhumudwa-muyenera kuwonetsetsa kuti amathandizidwa moyenera, chifukwa izi zitha kusintha zizindikiritso za mwana wanu.

Ripotili lidasindikizidwa mu Marichi 2012.

M'ndandanda wazopezekamo

• Gawo 1: Takulandirani
• Gawo 2: Kodi Atypical Antipsychotic Amagwira Ntchito Motani Ndipo Ndani Amawafuna?
• Gawo 3: Chitetezo cha Atypical Antipsychotic
• Gawo 4: Kusankha Antypychychotic ya Ana
• Gawo 5: Kuyankhula ndi Dokotala Wanu
• Gawo 6: Momwe tidawunikirira ma Antipsychotic
• Gawo 7: Kugawana Lipotili
• Gawo 8: Zaife
• Gawo 9: Zolemba

Werengani zambiri

Takulandilani

Ripotili likuyang'ana kwambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala akuchipatala omwe amatchedwa atypical antipsychotic ndi ana komanso achinyamata, azaka 18 kapena kupitilira apo. Ma antipsychotic amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza schizophrenia ndi bipolar disorder. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito poyesa kuchepetsa kupsa mtima, kukwiya, kusiya kucheza ndi ena, komanso zizindikiritso zina mwa ana ndi achinyamata omwe ali ndi vuto lotukuka, kuphatikizapo autism ndi Asperger syndrome, komanso zovuta zamakhalidwe (koma ziyenera kudziwika kuti ma antipsychotic antypic satero Thandizani mavuto oyankhulana a autism ndi zovuta zofananira.)

Kupatsa ana ndi achinyamata mankhwala oletsa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opatsirana pogonana kumayambitsa mikangano chifukwa pali umboni wochepa wokhudzana ndi chitetezo kapena magwiritsidwe ntchito azaka izi.Zambiri zomwe timadziwa zimachokera ku maphunziro a akulu. Monga momwe Gulu 1 likuwonetsera, ma antipsychotic ambiri samavomerezedwa ndi Food and Drug Administration kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito ndi ana. Koma atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mwalamulo "osachotsa," zomwe zikutanthauza kuti mankhwalawa amatha kupatsidwa mankhwala kuti athetse vuto lomwe alibe FDA. (Zambiri za izi pagawo 2.)

Ngakhale kulibe umboni, mankhwalawa amapatsidwa kwa ana komanso achinyamata. Izi zathandiza kupanga ma antipsychotic achisanu kukhala mankhwala achisanu ogulitsa kwambiri ku US mu 2010, ndi $ 16.1 biliyoni pogulitsa, malinga ndi IMS Health.

Clozapine (Clozaril), yomwe idayamba kupezeka ku US mu 1989, inali antipsychotic yoyamba yovomerezeka ndi FDA. Masiku ano, imangoperekedwa pokhapokha ngati mankhwala ena alephera chifukwa imatha kubweretsa vuto lalikulu la magazi mwa anthu ena. Anatsatiridwa ndi ma antipsychotic angapo, kuphatikiza aripiprazole (Abilify), asenapine (Saphris), iloperidone (Fanapt), olanzapine (Zyprexa), paliperidone (Invega), quetiapine (Seroquel), risperidone (Risperdal), ndi ziprasidone (Geodon) . (Onani Gulu 1.)

Ma antipsychotic atypical amatha kuyambitsa zovuta zina, kuphatikiza kusakhazikika kwa minofu, kuyenda pang'onopang'ono komanso kunjenjemera kosafunikira (komwe kumadziwika kuti extrapyramidal dalili), kunenepa kwambiri, chiwopsezo chowonjezeka cha mtundu wa 2 shuga, komanso kuchuluka kwama cholesterol. (Zotsatira zoyipa zalembedwa mu Gulu 2.) Anthu ambiri omwe amayamba kumwa mankhwalawa samatenga nthawi yayitali, ngakhale atachepetsa zizindikilo zawo, chifukwa sangathe kapena safuna kulekerera zotsatirapo zake.

Kusamalira ana omwe ali ndi vuto la chitukuko kapena chikhalidwe kungakhale kovuta kwa makolo ndi madotolo. Chifukwa ndizochepa zomwe zimadziwika pokhudzana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opatsirana mwa ana, komanso chifukwa cha zovuta zomwe zimakhudzana ndi mavutowa, Consumer Reports Best Buy Drugs sanalimbikitse njira zamankhwala kapena kusankha Best Buy mu lipoti lapaderali. M'malo mwake, timayesa kafukufuku wamankhwala kuti akuthandizeni kumvetsetsa zabwino ndi kuopsa kwa mankhwala opatsirana pogonana kuti musankhe, ndi dokotala wa mwana wanu, ngati ali woyenera mwana wanu.

Ripotili ndi gawo la ntchito ya Consumer Reports yokuthandizani kupeza mankhwala otetezeka, ogwira mtima omwe amakupatsani mtengo wofunika kwambiri ku dola yanu yazaumoyo. Kuti mudziwe zambiri za ntchitoyi ndi mankhwala ena omwe tawunika matenda ena ndi mikhalidwe, pitani ku CRBestBuyDrugs.org.

Gulu 1. Atypical Antipsychotic Drugs Inawunikidwa mu Ripoti ili
Dzina lachibadwa	Maina a mayina	Zomwe Zilipo	Kuvomerezeka kwa ana kwa FDA
Aripiprazole	Limbikitsani	Ayi	Ovomerezeka kuti azigwiritsidwa ntchito ndi achinyamata omwe ali ndi schizophrenia, achinyamata omwe ali ndi vuto losinthasintha zochitika kapena zosokoneza bongo, komanso kukwiya komwe kumayenderana ndi autism.
Asenapine	Safira	Ayi	Ayi
Clozapine	Clozaril Fazaclo	Inde	Ayi
Zamgululi	Wokonda	Ayi	Ayi
Olanzapine	Zyprexa Zyprexa Zydis	Ayi	Ovomerezeka kuti azigwiritsidwa ntchito ndi achinyamata omwe ali ndi schizophrenia, komanso achinyamata omwe ali ndi vuto losinthasintha zochitika losakanikirana kapena magawo amanjenje.
Paliperidone	Onvega	Ayi	Ayi
Quetiapine	Masewera Seroquel XR	Ayi	Ovomerezeka kuti azigwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza ana omwe ali ndi manic episodes mu matenda osinthasintha zochitika, komanso achinyamata omwe ali ndi schizophrenia.
Risperidone	Zowonongeka	Inde	Ovomerezeka kuti azigwiritsidwa ntchito ndi achinyamata omwe ali ndi schizophrenia, achinyamata omwe ali ndi vuto losinthasintha zochitika kapena zosokoneza bongo, komanso kukwiya komwe kumayenderana ndi autism.
Ziprasidone	Geodon	Ayi	Ayi

* Food and Drug Administration yapereka chilolezo chongoyerekeza choyeserera koma palibe chomwe chilipo pakadali pano.

Back pamwamba Werengani zambiri Bwererani ku Zamkatimu

Kodi Atypical Antipsychotic Amagwira Ntchito Motani Ndipo Ndani Amawafuna?

Sizikudziwika bwino momwe ma antipsychotic amagwirira ntchito kuti athetse vuto. Koma zomwe tikudziwa ndikuti zimakhudza kuchuluka kwa mankhwala muubongo otchedwa ma neurotransmitters, omwe amagwira ntchito zofunika kwambiri pakakhalidwe ndi kuzindikira, komanso kugona, kusunthika, chidwi, kukumbukira, komanso kuphunzira. Izi mwina ndi momwe amachepetsera zizindikiro za psychotic, monga kuyerekezera zinthu m'maganizo, kusokeretsa, kuganiza mosalinganika, komanso kukhumudwa mu schizophrenia ndi bipolar disorder. Ikhoza kufotokozanso momwe angachepetsere kupsa mtima, kukwiya, komanso zikhalidwe zodzivulaza zomwe zimakhudzana ndikukula kwakukula komanso zovuta zamakhalidwe. Koma kuchokera kuumboni wocheperako womwe ulipo, sizikudziwika bwinobwino kuti amachita bwanji izi, komanso ngati azigwirabe ntchito kwanthawi yayitali.

Zomwe Zimayesedwa ndi Atypical Antipsychotic

Kafukufuku wambiri wokhudza ma antipsychotic atypical amayang'ana kwambiri kuchiza matenda a schizophrenia ndi bipolar disorder. Mankhwala ena ali ndi chivomerezo cha FDA chothana ndi mavutowa mwa ana ndi achinyamata komanso achikulire. Koma amagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati "zolembera," zomwe zikutanthauza kuti amalembedwa ndi madokotala kuti athetse mavuto omwe sanavomerezedwe ndi FDA.

Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi madokotala ndizofala komanso ndizovomerezeka, ngakhale ndizosaloledwa kwa makampani opanga mankhwala kuti azigulitsa mankhwala awo kuti asagwiritsidwe ntchito. Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo mwa ana kumaphatikizapo kuchiza matenda omwe akukula monga autism ndi Asperger syndrome, ndi zovuta zamakhalidwe. (Aripiprazole ndi risperidone ndizovomerezeka kwa iwo omwe ali ndi vuto la autism-spectrum, koma ma antipsychotic ena ayi.)

Pazinthu zonse zinayi-kusokonekera kwa bipolar, schizophrenia, mavuto ofalikira a chitukuko, ndi zovuta zosokoneza machitidwe - umboni wotsimikizira kugwiritsa ntchito ma antipychotic a achinyamata ndi ochepa pazochepa, zochepa zazifupi, zopanda umboni wabwino kwakanthawi -mphamvu ndi chitetezo.

Ponseponse, kafukufuku wogwiritsa ntchito antipsychotic ya ana adangokhudza pafupifupi 2,640 okha. Pafupifupi ana 1,000 anali ndi matenda ochititsa munthu kusinthasintha zochitika, 600 anali ndi mavuto otukuka ofalikira, 640 anali ndi zovuta zamakhalidwe, ndipo ochepera 400 anali ndi schizophrenia.

Bokosi lomwe lili m'chigawo chachiwiri likuwonetsa mankhwala omwe ana aphunziridwa ndi ana, ndipo zikhalidwe ziti. Ndi aripiprazole (Abilify), olanzapine (Zyprexa), quetiapine (Seroquel), ndi risperidone (Risperdal) omwe adaphunziridwa mwa ana omwe ali ndi vuto losinthasintha zochitika. Achinyamata omwe ali ndi schizophrenia yatsopano, olanzapine (Zyprexa), quetiapine (Seroquel), ndi risperidone (Risperdal) ndi omwe aphunziridwa. Aripiprazole (Abilify), olanzapine (Zyprexa), ndi risperidone (Risperdal) aphunziridwa mwa ana omwe ali ndi vuto lotukuka lofalikira, pomwe risperidone (Risperdal) yekha amaphunzitsidwa mwa ana omwe ali ndi vuto losokoneza machitidwe.

Pazochitika zonsezi mwa ana, umboni woyerekeza mwachindunji antipychotic antipsychotic kwa wina ndiwochepa kwambiri kapena palibe. Umboni wopindulitsa ndi kuvulaza watchulidwa pansipa ndi chikhalidwe cha mankhwala aliwonse.

Matenda achizungu

Sizikudziwika kuti ndi ana angati omwe ali ndi schizophrenia chifukwa matendawa samapezeka mpaka atakula, malinga ndi National Institute of Mental Health. Schizophrenia yapezeka mwa ana osakwana zaka 5 koma izi ndizosowa kwambiri. Amuna nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi zizindikilo zoyambirira ali ndi zaka pafupifupi 20 komanso kumayambiriro kwa 20s; akazi nthawi zambiri amapezeka koyamba m'ma 20 mpaka 30.

Anthu omwe ali ndi schizophrenia amakhala ndi malingaliro osagwirizana komanso opanda nzeru, koma mosiyana ndi zomwe ambiri amakhulupirira, alibe umunthu wosiyanasiyana. Amatha kudzipatula, kuchita mantha, komanso kusokonezeka, ndipo amakumana ndi malingaliro opanda pake. Ndipo atha kukhala ndi vuto lalikulu kulumikizana ndi ena mwamaganizidwe.

Anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi schizophrenia amakhala moyo watanthauzo ndipo amachita bwino ndi chithandizo choyenera. Kafukufuku wambiri wamankhwala osokoneza bongo amathandizira anthu achikulire omwe ali ndi schizophrenia. Apezeka kuti amathandizira kuchepetsa zizindikilo, kukonza moyo wabwino, ndikuchepetsa mwayi wamunthu wovulaza iye kapena ena. Koma kafukufuku wokhudzana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opatsirana pogonana ndi achinyamata omwe schizophrenia yawo yapezeka posachedwapa ndi yochepa.

Ma Antipsychotic Atypical Ophunziridwa mwa Ana ndi Achinyamata, mwa Matenda
Dzina Lopangika	Dzina Brand	Kusokonezeka
		Ana omwe ali ndi vuto la kusinthasintha zochitika	Achinyamata omwe ali ndi schizophrenia yatsopano	Ana omwe ali ndi zovuta zamakhalidwe	Ana omwe ali ndi vuto lokula msinkhu
Aripiprazole	Limbikitsani	& fufuzani;			& fufuzani;
Olanzapine	Zyprexa	& fufuzani;	& fufuzani;		& fufuzani;
Quetiapine	Masewera	& fufuzani;	& fufuzani;
Risperidone	Zowonongeka	& fufuzani;	& fufuzani;	& fufuzani;	& fufuzani;

& fufuzani; akuwonetsa kuti mankhwalawa adaphunziridwa ngati chithandizo cha vutoli kwa ana komanso / kapena achinyamata. Asenapine (Saphris), Clozpine (Clozaril), iloperidone (Fanapt), paliperidone, ndi ziprasidone (Geodon) sizinalembedwe chifukwa sizinaphunzire mwa ana.

Kafukufuku wa achikulire akuwonetsa kuti pafupifupi theka la omwe ali ndi schizophrenia amachepetsa kwambiri zizindikilo zawo atalandira mankhwala opatsirana pogonana. Zizindikiro zina, monga kupindika, zitha kukhala bwino m'masiku ochepa. Zina, monga zopeka komanso kuyerekezera zinthu m'maganizo, zimatha kutenga milungu inayi kapena isanu ndi umodzi kuti muchepetse. Zotsatira zake, pafupifupi munthu aliyense wopezeka ndi schizophrenia adzalandira mankhwala ochepetsa matenda a psychotic.

Koma ma antipsychotic atypical sagwira ntchito kwa aliyense. Pafupifupi 20 peresenti ya anthu omwe ali ndi schizophrenia samalandira chilichonse, ndipo ena 25 mpaka 30% amangokumana pang'ono ndi zochepa.

Kafukufuku wocheperako yemwe amafanizira momwe antipsychotic yogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi achinyamata omwe ali ndi schizophrenia sanapeze kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa mankhwala omwe adayesedwa. Olanzapine (Zyprexa) ndi quetiapine (Seroquel) adachitanso chimodzimodzi pazizindikiro pambuyo pa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi pakafukufuku kakang'ono kwambiri ka achinyamata omwe anali ndi matenda atsopano a schizophrenia. Risperidone (Risperdal) ndi olanzapine (Zyprexa) zidatsogolera pakusintha kwofananira kwa zizindikilo pamasabata asanu ndi atatu.

Matenda a Bipolar

Anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi matenda osinthasintha zochitika nthawi zambiri amapatsidwa matenda ali ndi zaka zapakati pa 20 kapena 20. National Institute of Mental Health akuti vutoli limakhudza ochepera 3 peresenti ya achinyamata, koma kuchuluka kwake sikudziwika chifukwa matendawa ndi ovuta kuwapeza mwa ana. Izi zili choncho chifukwa chakuti ana sangawonekere bwino kuposa achikulire, ndipo amatha kukhala ndi mavuto ena aubwana, monga ADHD kapena vuto lamakhalidwe.

Zizindikiro zodziwika bwino za kusinthasintha kwa malingaliro ndikumasinthasintha kwakuthwa pakati pamavuto akulu-kapena mania-komanso kukhumudwa kwambiri-kapena kukhumudwa. Nthawi zambiri, kukhumudwa kotereku kumatha milungu ingapo. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala nthawi yapakati yokhala ndi malingaliro "abwinobwino". Koma anthu ena omwe ali ndi matenda osinthasintha zochitika amakhala ndi nthawi yomwe zizindikilo za matenda amisala komanso kukhumudwa zimakhalapo nthawi imodzi. Izi zimatchedwa magawo "osakanikirana".

Ma antipsychotic atypical nthawi zambiri sagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda ochititsa munthu kusinthasintha zochitika mpaka anthu atayamba ayesa mankhwala ena, kuphatikizapo lithiamu, divalproex, ndi carbamazepine.

Kafukufuku wa achikulire apeza kuti ma antipsychotic onse amatha kuthandiza kuchepetsa zizindikilo za matenda amisala, pomwe 40 mpaka 75% ya anthu omwe ali ndi kuchepa kwa zizindikilo. Koma pakhala kafukufuku wocheperako pazokhudza mankhwalawa kwa akulu omwe ali ndi vuto losinthasintha zochitika kusiyana ndi schizophrenia, komanso ochepera pakati pa ana omwe ali ndi vuto losinthasintha zochitika.

Nazi zomwe zikudziwika mpaka pano:

Aripiprazole (Limbikitsani)

Kafukufuku wina, kuyankha kwakanthawi kochepa-kutanthauza kuti 50% kapena kuchepa kwakukulu kwa zisonyezo-kudawonedwa mu 45 mpaka 64 peresenti ya ana ndi achinyamata omwe amamwa aripiprazole patatha milungu inayi akuthandizidwa poyerekeza ndi 26% omwe adatenga maloboti. Kuchotsa-kuthetsa kwathunthu kwa zisonyezo- kunakwaniritsidwa mwa 25 mpaka 72 peresenti ya ana omwe amatenga aripiprazole poyerekeza ndi 5 mpaka 32% pa placebo. Koma kumapeto kwa kafukufukuyu, ana omwe amamwa aripiprazole adavotera moyo wawo poyerekeza ndi omwe adalandira malobo.

Quetiapine (Seroquel)

Kafukufuku wina, 58 mpaka 64 peresenti ya ana ndi achinyamata omwe ali ndi zizindikilo za mania adawonetsa kuyankha patatha milungu itatu akuchiritsidwa ndi quetiapine poyerekeza ndi 37% omwe adatenga maloboti. Chikhululukiro chinawonedwa mwa oposa theka omwe adatenga quetiapine poyerekeza ndi 30 peresenti pa placebo.

Pamene quetiapine imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mankhwala ena, di-valproex, ndi achinyamata omwe ali ndi magawo owopsa a mania, 87% adawonetsa kuyankha patadutsa milungu isanu ndi umodzi poyerekeza ndi 53% omwe adatenga divalproex yokha. Kafukufuku wina yemwe anayerekezera quetiapine ndi divalproex mwa achinyamata omwe ali ndi vuto losinthasintha zochitika, mankhwala onsewa adabweretsa moyo wabwino kumapeto kwa milungu inayi. Zosintha zimawoneka pakutha kwawo kukhala bwino ndi ena ndikuwongolera machitidwe awo, zomwe zimabweretsa zisokonezo zochepa m'moyo wabanja. Ndipo makolo a omwe ali ndi quetiapine adati ana awo amachita bwino kusukulu, pamagulu komanso pamaphunziro, komanso amadzimva kuti ali bwino.

Quetiapine siwabwino kuposa placebo ikafika nthawi yachisoni ya matenda osokoneza bongo. Pofufuza za achinyamata 32 omwe ali ndi vuto lokhumudwa lomwe limakhudzana ndi matenda ochititsa munthu kusinthasintha zochitika, quetiapine sizinapangitse kusintha kwa zizindikilo kapena kukhululukidwa kwakutsata milungu isanu ndi itatu yothandizidwa poyerekeza ndi placebo.

Olanzapine ndi Risperidone

Kafukufuku wina wocheperako anayerekezera risperidone (Risperdal) ndi olanzapine (Zyprexa) mwa ana 31 oyambira kusukulu omwe ali ndi vuto losinthasintha zochitika omwe amawonetsa matenda amisala. Mankhwalawa adawonetsanso chimodzimodzi pothana ndi matendawa patatha milungu eyiti akuchiritsidwa. Kafukufuku wokulirapo amafunikira kuti zitsimikizire zomwe zapezedwa.

Kafukufuku wa achinyamata omwe ali ndi zizindikilo za mania adapeza kuti 59 mpaka 63% omwe adatenga risperidone (Risperdal) kwamasabata atatu adakumana ndi yankho poyerekeza ndi 26% omwe adatenga placebo. Kafukufuku wofanana ndi olanzapine (Zyprexa), 49 peresenti ya achinyamata omwe amamwa mankhwalawa adawonetsa kuyankha poyerekeza ndi 22% omwe adatenga maloboti. Kafukufuku onsewa adapezanso kuti risperidone ndi olanzapine zidapangitsa kuti odwala ambiri akhululukidwe poyerekeza ndi placebo.

Mavuto Akukula Akufalikira

Matenda omwe akukula akuphatikizapo zovuta za autism (autism ndi Asperger syndrome) komanso matenda a Rett, kusokonezeka kwaubwana, komanso matenda otukuka omwe amakula kwambiri (omwe nthawi zambiri amatchedwa "kufalikira kwa chitukuko, osanenedwa kwina").

Pafupifupi, m'modzi mwa ana 110 ku US ali ndi vuto linalake la autistic, malinga ndi Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Autism, yomwe imakonda kwambiri anyamata kuposa atsikana, imayamba kuonekera asanakwanitse zaka 3. Choyambitsa sichidziwika. Anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la autism ali ndi vuto ndi kulumikizana pakati pa anzawo komanso maluso olumikizirana, komanso kusinthasintha kwamalingaliro, ndipo amawonetsa machitidwe oletsedwa komanso obwerezabwereza, zochita, ndi zokonda.

Palibe mankhwala, koma pali mankhwala omwe angathandize. Mapulogalamu ophunzitsidwa bwino kapena moyo watsiku ndi tsiku womwe umayang'ana kukulitsa luso ndi njira zoyankhulirana zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, limodzi ndi maluso oyendetsera machitidwe ndi malingaliro azikhalidwe. Maantipsychotic amalembedwa, ngati kuli koyenera, ndi cholinga chochepetsera kusokoneza, kuphatikizapo kusakhazikika, kusachita chidwi, nkhanza, komanso kudzivulaza. Mankhwala ena atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuthana ndi zovuta zina, monga kuda nkhawa kapena kukhumudwa.

Kafukufuku wowerengeka adayang'ana kugwiritsa ntchito ma antipsychotic ndi ana omwe ali ndi vutoli. Kafukufuku wamkulu kwambiri, yemwe adakhudza ana 101 omwe ali ndi vuto lotukuka lomwe likufalikira, adapeza kuti 69 peresenti ya omwe adatenga risperidone (Risperdal) adavoteledwa "bwino kwambiri" atalandira chithandizo milungu isanu ndi itatu poyerekeza ndi 12% omwe adatenga malowa. Risperidone (Risperdal) ndiye mankhwala okhawo omwe amaphunzitsidwa m'masukulu a ana asanakwane omwe ali ndi vuto lokula msinkhu, koma sanapezeke kuti ali bwino kuposa placebo.

Sizikudziwika ngati phindu la risperidone limatha kwakanthawi. Umboni wochepa umawonetsa kuti atalandira chithandizo kwa miyezi inayi, 10 peresenti ya ana omwe akuwonetsa kusintha amasiya kumwa mankhwalawa chifukwa sagwiranso ntchito kapena amakumana ndi zovuta zina. Izi zidapangitsa kuti ayambenso-kubwereranso kuzizindikiro zawo mu 63%, pomwe 13% yokha mwa omwe adapitiliza kumwa mankhwalawa miyezi iwiri yowonjezera adabwereranso.

M'maphunziro awiri okhudza ana 316, omwe adatenga aripiprazole (Abilify) sakanadzivulaza kapena kuwachitira nkhanza ena poyerekeza ndi omwe adalandira malowa. Sanalinso okwiya pang'ono, anali ndi kupsa mtima pang'ono, anali ndi vuto losintha pang'ono kapena kupsinjika, ndipo samakonda kufuula kapena kufuula mosayenera.

Umboni wocheperako umapezeka pakugwiritsa ntchito olanzapine (Zyprexa) ndi ana omwe ali ndi vuto lotukuka. Maphunziro awiri okha okhudza ana ochepera 25 ndi omwe amapezeka. Zotsatira zake zikusonyeza kuti olanzapine ndi wapamwamba kuposa placebo ndipo amafanana ndi antiopychotic haloperidol (Haldol). Koma chifukwa cha ana ochepa kwambiri omwe amaphunziridwa, maphunziro ofunikira amafunikira kuti adziwe ngati zotsatirazi zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kwa ana omwe ali ndi vuto lokula lomwe likukula.

Zovuta Zosokoneza Khalidwe

Zovuta zosokoneza zomwe zimachitika zimaphatikizanso kupikisana ndi zotsutsana, kusokonezeka kwamakhalidwe, komanso kusokonezeka kwamakhalidwe (komwe m'mabuku azachipatala nthawi zambiri kumatchedwa "kusokonezeka kwamakhalidwe, osanenedwa kwina"). Matenda otsutsa omwe amapezeka motsutsana amapezeka pafupifupi 1 mpaka 6 peresenti yaunyamata, ndipo zovuta zimachitika pafupifupi 1 mpaka 4 peresenti.

Zizindikiro zomwe zimapezeka mwa ana omwe amapezeka kuti ali ndi vuto lotsutsa zimaphatikizapo chidani, kunyalanyaza, komanso kunyoza olamulira. Amawonekera asanakwanitse zaka 8, ndipo amapezeka kwambiri mwa anyamata. Nthawi zina, kuopsa kwa zizindikilo kumatha kukulira ndi ukalamba ndikukhala ndi vuto lamakhalidwe. Ana omwe amapezeka kuti ali ndi zovuta zamakhalidwe nthawi zambiri amawonetsanso kuchepa kwa chidwi / matenda osokoneza bongo (ADHD).

Ana omwe ali ndi vuto lamakhalidwe amawonetsa kukwiya kwa anthu ndi nyama, kuwononga ndi / kapena kuba katundu, ndi kuphwanya malamulo ena akuluakulu, nthawi zambiri osadzimvera chisoni. Khalidwe lazovuta nthawi zambiri limapezeka asanakwanitse zaka 16, ndipo limafala kwambiri mwa anyamata. Matenda onse otsutsana komanso kusokonezeka kwamakhalidwe amakhudzana ndi zovuta zazikulu zogwira ntchito kunyumba, kusukulu, ndipo, pambuyo pake, pantchito. Ana omwe ali ndi vuto lotsutsa nthawi zambiri amakumana ndi mavuto kusukulu, ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mavuto azamalamulo akamakula.

Ana omwe ali ndi machitidwe ofanana, koma ochepera, poyerekeza ndi omwe ali ndi zotsutsana kapena zovuta zamakhalidwe, atha kupezeka kuti ali ndi vuto losokoneza machitidwe kapena kusokonezeka kwamakhalidwe, osanenedwa mwanjira ina. Ana omwe ali ndi vutoli amawonetsa kulumikizana pakati pa anzawo komanso maubale, komanso / kapena kusokoneza magwiridwe antchito kusukulu.

Chithandizo choyambirira cha zovuta zosokoneza ndimakhalidwe apabanja ndipo chimaphatikizapo maphunziro oyang'anira makolo. Mankhwalawa amawoneka kuti ndi owonjezera ndipo amathandizidwa ndi zizindikilo zina. Posankha kuyambitsa mankhwala, nthawi zambiri kumakhala kofunikira kuganizira zina zomwe mwanayo angakhale nazo. Mwachitsanzo, mankhwala a ADHD atha kukhala othandiza ngati mwanayo ali ndi vuto losokoneza machitidwe komanso ADHD. Kwa ana omwe ali ndi vuto lamakhalidwe, otonthoza, monga lithiamu ndi valproate, atha kukhala othandiza. Antipsychotic imaperekedwa kwa ana omwe ali ndi zovuta zosokoneza machitidwe kuti achepetse kupsa mtima komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha izi, koma ma antipsychotic-risperidone ndi quetiapine okha ndi omwe aphunziridwa kuti agwiritse ntchito. Palibe mankhwala opatsirana pogonana omwe amavomerezedwa ndi a FDA pochiza zovuta zamakhalidwe.

Pofufuza za ana omwe ali ndi zodetsa nkhawa zakusokonekera kwamakhalidwe, iwo omwe adalandira risperidone adawonetsa pafupifupi kawiri kuchuluka kwakusintha kwamakhalidwe pamavuto opitilira milungu isanu ndi umodzi mpaka 10 poyerekeza ndi omwe adatenga malowa. Pafupifupi 27 peresenti ya ana omwe adapitiliza kumwa risperidone kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi adayambiranso poyerekeza ndi 42 peresenti ya ana omwe sanalandire mankhwala, koma kusintha kwakuchepetsa m'magulu onse awiriwa.

Pakafukufuku wa achinyamata omwe ali ndi zikhalidwe zosokoneza zomwe zimafuna kuti agonekere kuchipatala, risperidone idawunikira mayeso awo onse, pomwe 21% idawunikidwa ngati "yasokonezeka kwambiri" poyerekeza ndi 84% omwe amatenga malowa.

Quetiapine (Seroquel) sichinapezeke chothandiza pakukweza mikhalidwe yankhanza yokhudzana ndi vuto lamakhalidwe. Pakafukufuku yekhayo, quetiapine sinali bwinoko kuposa malowa pofuna kuchepetsa kupsyinjika komanso kusakhudzidwa ndi achinyamata omwe ali ndi vuto lamakhalidwe komanso mwamakhalidwe oyipa. M'modzi mwa ana asanu ndi anayi (11%) adasiya kumwa mankhwalawa chifukwa cha akathisia, zomwe zimapangitsa anthu kumverera ngati sangathe kukhala chete. Quetiapine inali yayikulu kuposa placebo pamiyeso yapadziko lonse lapansi yosintha zizindikiritso komanso moyo wabwino.

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Chitetezo cha Atypical Antipsychotic

Ma antipsychotic atypical amatha kuyambitsa zovuta zina, zomwe zimachepetsa phindu lawo lonse. (Onani Gulu 2, pansipa.) Anthu ambiri omwe amayamba kumwa mankhwala samatenga nthawi yayitali, ngakhale atachepetsa zizindikilo zawo, chifukwa sangathe kapena safuna kulekerera zotsatirapo zake. Kuphatikiza apo, anthu omwe ali ndi schizophrenia komanso matenda ochititsa munthu kusinthasintha zochitika amatha kusiya mankhwala awo chifukwa cha matenda awo. Mwina sangamvetsetse kuti ali ndi matenda amisala, amalephera kuvomereza kuti amapindula ndi mankhwala, amaiwala kumwa, kapena kusiya kuwamwa pakakhala zizindikiro zowopsa kwambiri.

Zotsatira zoyipa zoyipa zama antipsychotic ndizokhudzana ndi mayendedwe (extrapyramidal) -ticontrollable tics and tremors omwe amafanana ndi matenda a Parkinson. Zotsatira zoyipa za Extrapyramidal nthawi zambiri zimatha mankhwalawa akatha kapena kuchuluka kwake kutsika. Koma vuto linalake loyenda lotchedwa tardive dyskinesia limatha kukula ndikamagwiritsa ntchito nthawi yayitali ndipo limatha kupitilirabe ngakhale wodwala atasiya kumwa antipsychotic.

Mankhwala osokoneza bongo amachititsanso mavuto ena, kuphatikizapo chiopsezo cha mtundu wa 2 shuga, kunenepa kwambiri, komanso kuchuluka kwa cholesterol ndi triglyceride. Kuphatikiza apo, apezeka kuti akuwonjezera chiopsezo chofa msanga, makamaka chifukwa cha sitiroko, mwa achikulire omwe ali ndi vuto la misala. Zowopsa izi zaphunziridwa makamaka mwa akulu; zomwe zimachitika mwa ana sizidziwika bwino pakadali pano.

Gulu 2. Zotsatira zoyipa Zogwirizana ndi Atypical Antipsychotic
Zotsatira Zazing'ono Zazikulu - Izi zimatha kuchepa kapena kutha pakapita nthawi, kapena kuchepetsedwa ngati mlingowo watsika. Amachoka pakamwa mankhwalawo. Mndandanda uli m'munsiwu ndi wa alfabeti osati chifukwa chofunikira, kuuma, kapena pafupipafupi. Anthu ambiri amakhala ndi zoposa izi. Koma zokumana nazo, komanso zovuta zake, zoyipa zimasiyanasiyana kwambiri ndi munthu.
Kusuntha kwamiyendo ndi thupi, kupindika kwa minofu, kunjenjemera ndi kupindika	Kusowa tulo
Kusamba kwachilendo	Kuthyola milomo ndi kusuntha kwamalirime
Masomphenya olakwika	Kuuma kwa minofu kapena kufooka
Kudzimbidwa	Kugunda kwamtima mwachangu
Chizungulire pakuimirira kapena kusuntha mwachangu	Kusakhazikika
Pakamwa pouma	Kukhazikika, kugona
Kuchuluka kwa mate	Kulephera kugonana
Kumva njala kuposa masiku onse	Ziphuphu pakhungu
Zotsatira Zowopsa Zazikulu - Izi zingafune kusiya mankhwalawa kapena kusintha mtundu wina. Nthawi zambiri amasinthidwa, koma nthawi zina, amakhala okhazikika, ndipo ngati agranulocytosis, amatha kupha moyo.
Agranulocytosis † - Kulephera kwa mafupa kutulutsa maselo oyera am'magazi, omwe amatha kubweretsa matenda akulu kapena akupha. Kuopsa kumeneku kumalumikizidwa makamaka ndi clozapine, ndipo kuyesa magazi nthawi zonse kumafunika mukamamwa.
Kusintha kwa kagayidwe kake zomwe zimayambitsa shuga m'magazi komanso zovuta zina, zomwe zimatha kuyambitsa matenda ashuga amtundu wa 2 komanso chiopsezo chachikulu cha matenda amtima ndi sitiroko mwa akulu.
Myocarditis † - Kutupa kwa minofu yamtima yomwe imatha kupha. Kuopsa kumeneku kumalumikizidwa makamaka ndi clozapine.
Kugwa † - Kuopsa kumeneku kumalumikizidwa makamaka ndi clozapine.
Kulemera kwakukulu - 7% kapena kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa kulemera kwa thupi asanabwerere (kuchuluka kwathunthu kumadalira kulemera kwa mwana). Clozapine ndi olanzapine zonse zimabweretsa kunenepa kwambiri kuposa ma antipsychotic ena.
Tardive dyskinesia - Kusuntha kosalamulirika komwe kumatha kuphatikizira kunjenjemera ndi kupindika.

† Ophatikizidwa makamaka ndi clozapine; kuyezetsa magazi nthawi zonse kumafunika mukamamwa.

Ponseponse, 80 mpaka 90 peresenti ya achikulire omwe amamwa mankhwala opatsirana pogonana amtundu uliwonse amakhala ndi gawo limodzi; ambiri adzakhala ndi zoposa imodzi. Mwa iwo omwe amakumana ndi zovuta:

• 20 mpaka 30% amakhala ndi zovuta zoyipa kapena zosalephera ndipo amasiya kumwa mankhwalawo pasanathe masiku, milungu, kapena miyezi ingapo.
• 35 mpaka 45% amasiya kumwa mankhwalawo mkati mwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi.
• 65 mpaka 80% amasiya kumwa mankhwalawa mkati mwa miyezi 12 mpaka 18.

Zovuta zachitetezo ndimankhwala osokoneza bongo a ana ndi achinyamata

Chifukwa cha maphunziro ochepa a ana ndi achinyamata, zovuta zoyipa zamankhwala osokoneza bongo sizodziwika bwino. Mauthenga am'mbali amasiyana ndi mankhwala, chifukwa chake mukamaganizira chimodzi cha mwana wanu, kuopsa kwa mankhwalawa kuyenera kuganiziridwa motsutsana ndi phindu lomwe lingapezeke. Magawo otsatirawa akuwunikira zotsatira zoyipa zomwe zimapezeka m'maphunziro okhudza ana ndi achinyamata.

Kulemera

Kulemera kwa thupi mwina ndiye zotsatira zoyipa kwambiri zomwe zimakhudzana ndi antipsychotic atypical yotengedwa ndi ana ndi achinyamata. Risperidone (Risperdal) woperekedwa pamlingo wochepa, mwachitsanzo, amatsogolera kunenepa pafupifupi kwa mapaundi anayi mwa ana omwe ali ndi vuto lotukuka kapena kufalikira kwamachitidwe poyerekeza ndi omwe amapatsidwa placebo. Sizikudziwika ngati kunenepa kumeneku kumakhazikika kapena kukupitilizabe kukulirakulira. Umboni wapano ukuwonetsa kupitiliza kunenepa, ndikuyerekeza kwa mapaundi 4 mpaka 12 mchaka chimodzi mpaka mapaundi 18 patatha zaka ziwiri.

Kulemera kwa thupi ndichinthu chovuta kwambiri pamatenda a aripiprazole (Abilify). Pakafukufuku umodzi, ana 15 pa ana 100 alionse omwe amalandira mankhwalawa adapeza phindu lochepa (pafupifupi 7% pamwambapa kuyambira kulemera) kwa milungu isanu ndi itatu. Kafukufuku wina, 32 peresenti ya ana adapeza kunenepa kwambiri ali pa aripiprazole. M'maphunziro onsewa, ana omwe amatenga malowa amakhala ndi mwayi wonenepa. Kaya kunenepa komwe kumalumikizidwa ndi aripiprazole kukupitilira kwakanthawi sikudziwikiratu chifukwa palibe maphunziro a nthawi yayitali onenepa ndi kupitiriza kulandira mankhwala omwe alipo.

Olanzapine (Zyprexa) imalumikizananso ndi kunenepa, pomwe ana amapeza mapaundi 7.5 mpaka 9 pamasabata asanu ndi limodzi kapena khumi achipatala. Kafukufuku wina adapeza kuti magawo awiri mwa atatu a ana amapeza zochepera 7 peresenti kuposa kulemera kwawo poyambira. Monga momwe ziliri ndi aripiprazole (Abilify), maphunziro a kunenepa kwa ana omwe akupitiliza kumwa olanzapine kwanthawi yayitali kulibe.

Gulu 3. Kulemera Kwambiri ndi Atypical Antipsychotic mu Ana ndi Achinyamata
Mankhwala osokoneza bongo	Kulemera kwa mapaundi pamasabata 6 mpaka 8
	Matenda Aakulu Akukula kapena Kusokoneza Khalidwe	Matenda a Bipolar	Matenda achizungu
Aripiprazole (Limbikitsani)	3-4	<1	–
Olanzapine (Zyprexa)	7.5 mpaka 9	7.4	–
Quetiapine (Seroquel)	–	3	4-5
Risperidone (Risperdal)	4	2	2

Quetiapine imayambitsanso kunenepa. Mwachitsanzo, mu kafukufuku wa ana omwe ali ndi vuto la kupsinjika kwamaganizidwe, omwe adalandira quetiapine adapeza pafupifupi mapaundi atatu kuposa omwe adalandira malowa.

Mavuto Amtima ndi Shuga

Mankhwala ena oletsa antipsychotic amatha kuwonjezera cholesterol (LDL ndi triglycerides) yonse. Kuphatikiza apo, mankhwalawa-kupatula aripiprazole (Abilify) -amatha kuwonjezera shuga m'magazi, kapena zizindikiritso zina za matenda ashuga, mwa ana ena, kapena kukulitsa kuwongolera shuga kwa omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga omwe analipo kale.

Sizingatheke kunena kuti mankhwalawa amawonjezera chiopsezo chotani, kapena ngati mankhwala amodzi ndi oyipa kuposa ena kwa ana. Kutengera ndi kafukufuku wofalitsidwa, olanzapine (Zyprexa) atha kubweretsa kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa mafuta m'thupi mwa ana kuposa akulu.

Pomwe mawonekedwe amtundu wamtima (EKGs) anali abwinobwino, kafukufuku wina adawonetsa kuwonjezeka kwakanthawi kwakwezera kwa mtima ndi risperidone m'masabata awiri oyamba azachipatala. Mitima ya ophunzirawo idabwerera mwakale patatha milungu iwiri akuchiritsidwa.

Khalidwe lodzipha

M'maphunziro a ana omwe amamwa ma antipsychotic atypical, panali ochepa omwe adawonetsa kudzipha, koma sizotheka kudziwa ngati izi zikuwonetsa kuchuluka kapena kuchepa kwa chiopsezo chodzipha, kapena osakhudzidwa konse.

Mankhwala opatsirana pogonana, monga mankhwala ena opatsirana pogonana, amapezeka kuti amachulukitsa chiopsezo mwa achinyamata. Chifukwa aripiprazole (Abilify) ndi quetiapine (Seroquel) amagawana zochitika zofananira za ubongo muubongo monga izi, mankhwalawa amakhala ndi chenjezo lalikulu kuti atha kuonjezera chiopsezo chofuna kudzipha komanso machitidwe, ngakhale umboni ulibe.

Akuluakulu omwe ali ndi schizophrenia, clozapine (Clozaril, Fazaclo ODT) ndiye mankhwala okhawo omwe amathandiza kuti munthu asadziphe kapena kudzipha. Izi sizinaphunzirepo mwa ana.

Zotsatira zina zoyipa

Kafukufuku wa risperidone (Risperdal) apeza zovuta zochepa, koma izi zitha kukhala chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndikutsatira kwakanthawi. Kusuntha kwa miyendo ndi matupi achilendo (zizindikiro za extrapyramidal), sizimachitika kawirikawiri m'mayesero afupikitsa, koma amanenedwa pafupipafupi kuposa odwala omwe amalandira malowa.

Risperidone amadziwika kuti imayambitsa kuchuluka kwa mahomoni a prolactin, omwe amathandiza kupanga mkaka wa m'mawere pambuyo pa mimba. Mwa amayi omwe alibe pakati ndi abambo, kuwonjezeka kwa prolactin kumatha kubweretsa mawere okulirapo ndi mavuto okhudzana ndi kugonana. Kafukufuku wa ana adapeza kuti risperidone idakweza ma prolactin ambiri, koma palibe amene adawonetsa zizindikiro monga kukulitsa kwa mawere. Sizikudziwika ngati, popita nthawi, ma prolactin amakhala okwera kapena obwerera mwakale.

Zotsatira zina zoyipa zimawoneka pafupipafupi ndi aripiprazole (Abilify) kuposa placebo monga kugona, kutsitsa, kunjenjemera, nseru, kapena kusanza. Kusuntha kwachilendo kwa mikono, miyendo, kapena thupi kumawonekeranso nthawi zambiri mwa ana omwe amatenga aripiprazole. Kafukufuku wowonjezerapo amafunikira kuti adziwe ngati zotsatirazi zingathe, kukhalabe kosalekeza, kapena kukulirakulira pakapita nthawi ndi chithandizo chamankhwala.

Pofufuza zakugwiritsa ntchito quetiapine (Seroquel) pochiza achinyamata omwe ali ndi vuto lamakhalidwe, 11 peresenti ya omwe amamwa mankhwalawa adayimilira chifukwa cha akathisia, vuto lomwe munthu amakhala wopanda nkhawa, ngati kuti sangangokhala phee. Apo ayi, mankhwalawa anali ololedwa bwino.

Zotsatira zina zoyipa zomwe ana amatenga olanzapine zimaphatikizapo kusungunuka komanso kudya kwambiri.

Ponseponse, zoyipa zimanenedwapo kawirikawiri ndi olanzapine (Zyprexa) kuposa ndi quetiapine (Seroquel) kapena risperidone (Risperdal). Kulimba mtima kumapezeka pafupipafupi kwa odwala omwe amalandira olanzapine poyerekeza ndi quetiapine, ndipo kutopa kumachitika pafupipafupi ndi olanzapine poyerekeza ndi risperidone. Koma odwala ambiri omwe amamwa risperidone adanenanso zakusunthika kofananira ndi omwe amatenga olanzapine.

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Kusankha Antypychychotic ya Ana

Chifukwa cha umboni wocheperako wokhudzana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo a ana ndi achinyamata, ndizovuta kudziwa kuti nthawi yayitali bwanji chitetezo ndi chitetezo. Ndipo palibe chomwe chimadziwika pokhudzana ndi chitetezo chawo chachitetezo chanthawi yayitali chifukwa kafukufuku wokhudza achinyamata amakhala ochepa komanso ochepa munthawi yayitali.

Chifukwa chake sitingathe kusankha Best Buy atypical antipsychotic yoti agwiritsidwe ntchito ndi ana ndi achinyamata omwe ali ndi schizophrenia, matenda ochititsa munthu kusinthasintha zochitika, zovuta zomwe zikuwonjezeka pakukula, kapena zovuta zamakhalidwe. M'malo mwake, alangizi athu azachipatala amalangiza kuti makolo azisamala zowopsa ndi zabwino zake. Dongosolo lokwanira la ana omwe ali ndi vutoli liyenera kuphatikizapo chithandizo chazidziwitso, maphunziro oyang'anira makolo ndi mapulogalamu apadera a maphunziro, komanso mankhwala aliwonse omwe angakhale nawo.

Kusankha kugwiritsa ntchito imodzi mwa mankhwalawa, ndipo ngati ndi choncho, ndi iti, yomwe iyenera kuchitidwa mogwirizana ndi dokotala wa mwana wanu ndipo iyenera kutengera zofunikira zingapo. Mwachitsanzo, kodi ndi ziti zofunika kwambiri, zosautsa, kapena zosokoneza mwana wanu? Kodi zizindikirozi zapezeka kuti mankhwala opatsirana pogonana apezeka kuti athetse? Kodi maubwino ake ndi okwanira kapena ofunika kwa inu ndi mwana wanu?

Muyeneranso kulingalira mtengo wa mankhwalawo, omwe atha kukhala owonjezera. Ndipo onaninso zoyipa zamankhwalawa malinga ndi mbiri yazaumoyo wa mwana wanu kuti muwone kuti ndi koyenera. Mankhwalawa sanaphunzire moyenera mwa ana pazokhudzana ndi zovuta, chifukwa chake muyenera kulingaliranso umboni wochokera ku maphunziro a akulu.

Ngati mwana wanu ali ndi vuto limodzi - mwachitsanzo, ADHD kapena kukhumudwa - muyenera kuwonetsetsa kuti akuchiritsidwa. Izi zitha kusintha zizindikiritso za mwana wanu. Pazovuta zamisala, palinso mankhwala ena ofufuzidwa bwino, monga lithiamu, divalproex, ndi carbamazepine, zomwe ziyenera kuyesedwa kaye musanalingalire za antipsychotic atypical.

Ngati mungaganize zopatsa mwana wanu mankhwala opatsirana pogonana, tikukuuzani kuti mugwiritse ntchito mankhwala ochepetsa mphamvu kuti muchepetse mavuto. Ndipo onetsetsani kuti mwana wanu amayesedwanso nthawi ndi nthawi ndi dokotala kuti adziwe ngati mankhwalawa akadali othandiza komanso ofunikira.

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Kulankhula ndi Dotolo Wanu

Zomwe timapereka pano sizimayenera kulowa m'malo mwa chiweruzo cha dokotala. Koma tikukhulupirira kuti zikuthandizani inu ndi dokotala wa mwana wanu kudziwa ngati antipsychotic ili yoyenera.

Kumbukirani kuti anthu ambiri safuna kukambirana za mtengo wamankhwala ndi adotolo, ndipo kafukufukuyu apeza kuti madotolo samangoganizira mtengo akamapereka mankhwala. Pokhapokha mutabweretsa, dokotala wanu angaganize kuti ndalamazo sizofunikira kwa inu.

Anthu ambiri (kuphatikizapo asing'anga) amaganiza kuti mankhwala atsopano ndi abwinoko. Ngakhale kuti ndi lingaliro lachilengedwe kupanga, sizowona. Kafukufuku nthawi zonse amapeza kuti mankhwala akale ambiri ndiabwino komanso nthawi zina amakhala abwinoko kuposa mankhwala atsopano. Ganizirani za iwo ngati "oyesedwa komanso owona," makamaka zikafika pachitetezo chawo. Mankhwala atsopano sanakumanepo ndi nthawi yayitali, ndipo zovuta zosayembekezereka zimatha kubzala zikafika kumsika.

Inde, mankhwala ena atsopano ochokera ku mankhwala ndi othandiza kwambiri komanso otetezeka. Lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu za zopindulitsa ndi zochepa za mankhwala atsopano, kuphatikizapo mankhwala akale.

Mankhwala akuchipatala amapita “mwachibadwa” pamene eni eni kampani akutha paokha, makamaka pambuyo pa zaka 12 mpaka 15. Pamenepo, makampani ena amatha kupanga ndi kugulitsa mankhwalawa.

Zodzoladzola ndizotsika mtengo kwambiri kuposa mankhwala amtundu watsopano, koma si mankhwala ocheperako. Zowonadi, zopangira zambiri zimakhalabe zothandiza zaka zambiri pambuyo poti zigulitsidwe koyamba. Ichi ndichifukwa chake zopitilira 60% zamankhwala onse ku US lero zidalembedwa zamagetsi.

Vuto lina lofunika kukambirana ndi dokotala ndikusunga mbiri ya mankhwala omwe mumamwa. Pali zifukwa zingapo izi:

• Choyamba, ngati muwona madotolo angapo, aliyense atha kukhala kuti sakudziwa mankhwala omwe ena apereka.
• Chachiwiri, popeza anthu amasiyana mosiyanasiyana poyankha mankhwala, ndizofala kwa madotolo masiku ano kuti apatse mankhwala angapo asanapeze omwe akugwira ntchito bwino kapena bwino.
• Chachitatu, anthu ambiri amatenga mankhwala angapo akuchipatala, mankhwala osalembedwa, komanso zowonjezera zakudya nthawi imodzi. Amatha kulumikizana m'njira zomwe zitha kuchepetsa phindu lomwe mumalandira kuchokera ku mankhwalawo kapena kukhala zowopsa.
• Pomaliza, mayina amankhwala omwe amaperekedwa ndi mankhwala - onsewa ndi omwe amakhala ovuta kutchula ndikukumbukira.

Pazifukwa zonsezi, ndikofunikira kuti mulembe mndandanda wazomwe mukugwiritsa ntchito, komanso kuti muziwunikanso ndi madotolo anu nthawi ndi nthawi.

Ndipo onetsetsani kuti mukumvetsetsa kuchuluka kwa mankhwala omwe akupatsirani ndi mapiritsi angati omwe mukuyenera kumwa tsiku lililonse. Dokotala wanu ayenera kukuwuzani izi. Mukadzaza mankhwala ku pharmacy kapena ngati muwalandira mwa makalata, onetsetsani kuti mlingo ndi kuchuluka kwa mapiritsi patsiku pazidebe za mapiritsi zikugwirizana ndi zomwe dokotala wakuuzani.

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Momwe tidawunikirira Antipsychotic

Kuwunika kwathu makamaka kumadalira kafukufuku wodziyimira payokha wamaumboni pazothandiza, chitetezo, ndi zovuta zoyipa zama antipsychotic.Gulu la asing'anga ndi ofufuza ku Oregon Health & Science University Evidence-based Practice Center adachita kuwunikaku ngati gawo la Drug Effectiveness Review Project, kapena DERP. DERP ndi njira yoyamba yoyeserera mayiko kuti awunikire kufananizira ndi chitetezo cha mankhwala mazana angapo akuchipatala.

Chidule cha kusanthula kwa DERP kwa ma antipsychotic ndiye maziko a lipotili. Wothandizira ku Consumer Reports Best Buy Drugs ndiwonso membala wa gulu lofufuza ku Oregon, lomwe lilibe chidwi chachuma ndi kampani iliyonse yopanga mankhwala.

Kuwunika kwathunthu kwa DERP kwa antipsychotic kumapezeka pa //derp.ohsu.edu/about/final-documentdisplay.cfm. (Ili ndi chikalata chachitali komanso luso cholembedwa kwa asing'anga.)

Njira za Consumers Reports Best Buy Drugs zafotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane mu gawo la Njira pa CRBestBuyDrugs.org.

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Kugawana Lipotili

Lipoti lovomerezeka litha kutsitsidwa kwaulere, kusindikizidwanso, ndikufalitsidwa kuti mugwiritse ntchito popanda malonda chilolezo kuchokera kwa Consumer Reports & circledR; bola ngati zadziwika kuti Consumer Reports Best Buy Drugs. ™ Timalimbikitsa kufalikira kwake komanso cholinga chodziwitsa ogula. Koma Consumer Reports sivomereza kugwiritsa ntchito dzina kapena zida zake kutsatsa, kutsatsa, kapena kutsatsa. Bungwe lililonse lomwe likufuna kufalitsa lipotili liyenera kutumiza imelo ku [email protected]. Malipoti a Consumer Best Buy Drugs ™ ndi malo ogulitsa a Consumers Union. Ndemanga zonse za nkhaniyi ziyenera kutchula kuti Consumer Reports Best Buy Drugs ™ ngati gwero.

© 2012 Consumers Union of U.S. Inc.

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Zambiri zaife

Consumers Union, wofalitsa wa Consumer Reports & circledR; magazine, ndi bungwe lodziyimira pawokha komanso lopanda phindu lomwe cholinga chake kuyambira 1936 chakhala ndikupatsa ogula chidziwitso chosakondera cha katundu ndi ntchito ndikupanga msika wabwino. Ndi tsamba lake ndi www.CRBestBuyDrugs.org. Tsamba la magaziniyi ndi ConsumerReports.org.

Zida izi zidatheka chifukwa cha thandizo lochokera ku State Attorney General Consumer and Prescriber Education Grant Program, yomwe imathandizidwa ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwamilandu yabodza yokhudzana ndi kutsatsa kwa mankhwala a Neurontin.

Engelberg Foundation idapereka ndalama yayikulu yothandizira kupangira ntchitoyi kuyambira 2004 mpaka 2007. Ndalama zowonjezera zoyambirira zidachokera ku National Library of Medicine, yomwe ili mbali ya National Institutes of Health. Kufotokozera mwatsatanetsatane za ntchitoyi kumapezeka ku CRBestBuyDrugs.org.

Tidatsata ndondomeko yoyeserera kuti tiwonetsetse kuti zomwe zili mu lipotili komanso patsamba la Consumer Reports Best Buy Drugs ndizolondola komanso zimafotokoza machitidwe azachipatala ovomerezeka. Ngati tapeza cholakwika kapena kuchenjezedwa ndi chimodzi timakonza mwachangu momwe tingathere. Koma Consumer Reports ndi olemba ake, olemba, osindikiza, omwe amapereka malayisensi, ndi ogulitsa sangakhale ndi vuto pazachipatala kapena zolakwika, kapena zovuta zilizonse chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito zomwe zili patsamba lino. Chonde onani mgwirizano wathu wogwiritsa ntchito pa CRBestBuyDrugs.org kuti mumve zambiri.

Malipoti a Wogwiritsa Ntchito Mankhwala Osokoneza Ubwino Asagwiritsidwe ntchito sayenera kuwonedwa ngati cholowa m'malo mwakufunsira kwa azachipatala kapena akatswiri azaumoyo. Lipotili komanso zambiri za CRBestBuyDrugs.org zimaperekedwa kuti zithandizire kulumikizana ndi dokotala m'malo mozibwezeretsa.

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Zolemba

1. Mapulogalamu J, Winkler J, Jandrisevits MD, Mapulogalamu J, Winkler J, Jandrisevits MD. Matenda osokoneza bongo: zizindikiro ndi chithandizo kwa ana ndi achinyamata. Nurs Namwino. 2008; 34 (1): 84-8.
2. Arango C, Robles O, Parellada M, Fraguas D, Ruiz-Sancho A, Medina O, Zabala A, Bombin I, Moreno D. Olanzapine poyerekeza ndi quetiapine mwa achinyamata omwe ali ndi gawo loyamba la psychotic. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2009; 18 (7): 418-28.
3. Barzman DH, MP wa DelBello, Adler CM, Stanford KE, Strakowski SM. Kuchita bwino ndi kulekerera kwa quetiapine motsutsana ndi divalproex pochiza kukakamizidwa komanso kupsa mtima kwa achinyamata omwe ali ndi vuto la kupuma kozungulira komanso zovuta zamachitidwe. Zolemba pa Child & Adolescent Psychopharmacology. 2006; 16 (6): 665-70.
4. Malo Otetezera Matenda. Kukula kwa Autism Spectrum Disrupt-Autism and Developmental Disability Monitoring Network, United States, 2006. MMWR. 2009; 58 (SS10): 1-20.
5. Correll CU, Manu P, Olshanskiy V, Napolitano B, Kane JM, Malhotra AK. Kuopsa kwa Cardiometabolic ya mankhwala am'badwo wachiwiri antipsychotic pakagwiritsidwe koyamba kwa ana ndi achinyamata. Zolemba pa American Medical Association. 28 Okutobala 2009. 302 (16): 1765-1773.
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7. Kupeza RI, McNamara NK, Branicky LA, Schluchter MD, Lemon E, Blumer JL. Kafukufuku woyendetsa ndege wakhungu kawiri wa risperidone pochiza matenda. Zolemba pa American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry. 2000; 39 (4): 509-16.
8. Kupeza RL, Nyilas M, Forbes RA, McQuade RD, Jin N, Iwamoto T, Ivanova S, Carson WH, Chang K. Chithandizo chamankhwala cha matenda ochititsa ana kusinthasintha zochitika, manic kapena chosakanikirana, ndi aripiprazole: kafukufuku wolamulidwa ndi placebo. Zolemba pa Clinical Psychiatry. 2009; 70 (10): 1441-51.
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Chidziwitso: Ngati bokosi lamtengo lili ndi , zomwe zikusonyeza kuti mankhwalawo akhoza kupezeka pamtengo wotsika pamwezi kudzera m'mapulogalamu ochepetsa omwe amagulitsidwa m'misika yayikulu. Mwachitsanzo, Kroger, Sam's Club, Target, ndi Walmart amapereka mankhwala osankhidwa mwezi umodzi kwa $ 4 kapena miyezi itatu $ 10. Malo ena ogulitsira, monga Costco, CVS, Kmart, ndi Walgreens, amapereka mapulogalamu ofanana. Mapulogalamu ena amakhala ndi zoletsa kapena chindapusa chaumembala, chifukwa chake fufuzani mwatsatanetsatane zoletsa ndikuwonetsetsa kuti mankhwala anu akuphimbidwa.

Chepetsani mndandanda wanu

• Malangizo Best Buy okha
• Zowonjezera zokha
• Kutsika kwa pulogalamu yotsika mtengo pamwezi
• Dzina Brand yekha
• Kukhazikika kokha
• Spasms okha
• OTC yokha
• Rx kokha