Kodi kulanda, zomwe zimayambitsa, mitundu ndi zizindikilo ndi chiyani?

Zamkati

• Zoyambitsa zazikulu
• Mitundu ya kulanda
• Zizindikiro zolanda
• Zoyenera kuchita
• Momwe mankhwalawa amachitikira

Kulanda ndi vuto lomwe limapangitsa kuti minyewa ya thupi kapena gawo lina la thupi lizichitika chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito magetsi kwambiri m'malo ena aubongo.

Nthawi zambiri, kulandako kumatha kuchiritsidwa ndipo sikungachitikenso, makamaka ngati sikukukhudzana ndi vuto la neuronal. Komabe, ngati zimachitika chifukwa cha vuto lalikulu lathanzi, monga khunyu kapena kulephera kwa chiwalo, pangafunike chithandizo choyenera cha matendawa, kuphatikiza kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, operekedwa ndi dokotala, kuti sungani mawonekedwe ake.

Kuphatikiza pa kulandira chithandizo, nkofunikanso kudziwa zomwe mungachite panthawi yolanda, chifukwa chiopsezo chachikulu nthawi imodzi ndikumagwa, komwe kumatha kubweretsa zoopsa kapena kutsamwa, kuyika moyo wanu pachiwopsezo.

Zoyambitsa zazikulu

Kugwidwa kumatha kuyambitsidwa ndi zochitika zingapo, zazikuluzikulu ndizo:

• Kutentha kwakukulu, makamaka kwa ana ochepera zaka 5;
• Matenda monga khunyu, meninjaitisi, kafumbata, encephalitis, kachirombo ka HIV, mwachitsanzo;
• Kusokonezeka mutu;
• Kudziletsa pakumwa kwa nthawi yayitali ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo;
• Kulimbana ndi mankhwala ena;
• Mavuto a metabolism monga matenda ashuga, kulephera kwa impso kapena hypoglycemia, mwachitsanzo;
• Kupanda mpweya wabwino muubongo.

Matenda a febrile amatha kupezeka m'maola 24 oyamba a malungo mwa ana ndipo amatha kukhala matenda ena monga otitis, chibayo, chimfine, chimfine kapena sinusitis, mwachitsanzo. Nthawi zambiri, kulandidwa kwa febrile kumakhala koika moyo pangozi ndipo sikusiya mwana minyewa yotsatira.

Kupsinjika kwakukulu kumatha kuyambitsanso kwambiri ngati kufooka kwamanjenje. Pachifukwa ichi, amatchedwa kulanda kwamanjenje molakwika, koma dzina lake lolondola ndi vuto la kutembenuka.

Mitundu ya kulanda

Kugwidwa kumatha kugawidwa m'magulu awiri malinga ndi ziwalo zaubongo zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi:

• Kugwidwa kwapadera, momwe gawo limodzi lokha la ubongo limafikiridwa ndipo munthuyo atha kapena sangataye chidziwitso ndikukhala ndi kusintha kwamagalimoto;
• Kugwidwa kwachilendo, momwe mbali zonse ziwiri zaubongo zimakhudzidwira ndipo nthawi zambiri zimatsagana ndi kutaya chidziwitso.

Kuphatikiza pa gulu ili, kugwidwa kumatha kugawidwa molingana ndi zizindikilo komanso kutalika kwa gawo logwidwa kukhala:

• Zambiri focal, womwe ndi mtundu wa kulanda komwe munthu samataya chidziwitso ndikukumana ndi kusintha kwakumverera, monga fungo ndi zokonda, ndi malingaliro;
• Zovuta kwambiri, momwe munthuyo amasokonezeka kapena kuchita chizungulire ndipo sangathe kuyankha mafunso ena;
• Atonic, kuti munthuyo amataya kamvekedwe kake ka minyewa, nkumapita ndikumwalira kwathunthu. Kugwidwa kotereku kumatha kuchitika kangapo patsiku ndipo kumatha masekondi;
• Zowonongeka za tonic-clonic, womwe ndi mtundu wofala kwambiri wogwidwa ndipo umadziwika ndi kuuma kwa minofu ndi kuphwanya kwaminyewa mwamphamvu, kuphatikiza kukhathamira kwambiri ndikumveka kwa mawu. Kugwidwa kotereku kumatha pafupifupi 1 mpaka 3 mphindi ndipo atagwidwa munthuyo amatopa kwambiri ndipo samakumbukira choti achite;
• Kulibe, yomwe imafala kwambiri mwa ana ndipo imadziwika ndikutaya mwayi wolumikizana ndi zakunja, momwe munthu amakhalabe ndi mawonekedwe osawoneka bwino kwa masekondi ochepa, kubwerera ku ntchitoyi mwachizolowezi ngati kuti palibe chomwe chidachitika.

Ndikofunika kukhala tcheru kuti mulandire magawo, makamaka osalandidwa, chifukwa popeza ndiwanzeru kwambiri, zimatha kuzindikirika ndikuchepetsa kuzindikira ndi kulandira chithandizo.

Zizindikiro zolanda

Kuti mudziwe ngati kulandidwadi, pali zizindikilo ndi zina zomwe zitha kuwonedwa:

• Kugwa mwadzidzidzi ndikudzindikira;
• Kutetemera kosalamulirika kwa minofu ndi mano okuta;
• Mitsempha yopanda chidwi;
• Kukhetsa kapena chisanu pakamwa;
• Kutaya chikhodzodzo ndi matumbo;
• Kusokonezeka mwadzidzidzi.

Kuphatikiza apo, nthawi yolanda isanachitike, munthuyo amatha kudandaula za zisonyezo monga kulira m'makutu, nseru, chizungulire komanso kumva nkhawa popanda chifukwa chomveka. Kulanda kumatha kukhala kwa masekondi 30 mpaka mphindi zochepa, komabe, nthawi yayitali siyokhudzana ndi kuopsa kwa chifukwa.

Zoyenera kuchita

Panthawi yolanda, chofunikira kwambiri ndikupanga malo otetezeka, kuti munthuyo asavulale kapena kupweteketsa mtima. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera:

1. Chotsani zinthu monga mipando pafupi ndi wovulalayo;
2. Ikani wovulalayo pambali ndikumumasula zovala zolimba, makamaka mozungulira khosi;
3. Khalani ndi wovutikayo mpaka atatsitsimuka.

Osayika zala zanu mkamwa mwa wovutitsidwayo, kapena yesani kuchotsa mtundu uliwonse wamankhwala kapena chinthu mkati mwa pakamwa, popeza pali chiopsezo chachikulu cha anthu oluma zala zawo. Onetsetsani zodzitetezera zina zomwe mungachite ndi zomwe simuyenera kuchita panthawi yolanda.

Ngati ndi kotheka, muyenera kuzindikira nthawi yomwe walanda, kuti mudziwe dokotala ngati kuli kofunikira.

Momwe mankhwalawa amachitikira

Chithandizo cha kugwidwa chiyenera kuwonetsedwa nthawi zonse ndi dokotala kapena katswiri wa zamagulu. Pachifukwa ichi, kuwunika kuyenera kupangidwa kuti kumvetsetse ngati pali chifukwa chilichonse chomwe chikuyambitsa kuwonongeka. Ngati pali chifukwa, dokotala nthawi zambiri amalimbikitsa chithandizo choyenera cha vutoli, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opha tizilombo, monga phenytoin, kuti apewe chiopsezo chatsopano.

Popeza kulandidwa nthawi zambiri kumakhala mphindi yapadera yomwe sichichitikanso, ndizofala kuti adotolo sakunena za mankhwala, kapena kuyesa pambuyo pa gawo loyambalo. Izi zimachitika kawirikawiri pakakhala zigawo motsatira.