COVID-19 vs. SARS: Zimasiyana Bwanji?

Zamkati

• Kodi coronavirus ndi chiyani?
• Kodi SARS ndi chiyani?
• Kodi COVID-19 imasiyana bwanji ndi SARS?
• Zizindikiro
• Kukhwima
• Kutumiza
• Zinthu zamagulu
• Wolandila womangiriza
• Kodi COVID-19 ingakhale yayitali kuposa SARS?
• Mfundo yofunika

Nkhaniyi idasinthidwa pa Epulo 29, 2020 kuti iziphatikizanso zowonjezera za 2019 coronavirus.

COVID-19, yomwe imayambitsidwa ndi coronavirus yatsopano, yakhala ikulamulira nkhani posachedwapa. Komabe, mwina mwayamba kudziwana ndi dzina loti coronavirus panthawi yamatenda oyipa a kupuma (SARS) mu 2003.

Onse a COVID-19 ndi SARS amayambitsidwa ndi ma coronaviruses. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timene timayambitsa SARS timadziwika kuti SARS-CoV, pomwe kachilombo kamene kamayambitsa COVID-19 amadziwika kuti SARS-CoV-2. Palinso mitundu ina yamatenda amtundu wa anthu.

Ngakhale ali ndi dzina lofananalo, pali zosiyana zingapo pakati pa ma coronaviruses omwe amayambitsa COVID-19 ndi SARS. Pitirizani kuwerenga pamene tikufufuza ma coronaviruses ndi momwe amafananirana.

Kodi coronavirus ndi chiyani?

Ma Coronaviruses ndi banja losiyanasiyana kwambiri la ma virus. Ali ndi gulu lalikulu, lomwe limaphatikizapo anthu. Komabe, kuchuluka kwakukulu kwamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya coronavirus kumawoneka.

Ma Coronaviruses ali ndi zonunkhira zowoneka bwino zomwe zimawoneka ngati zisoti zachifumu. Corona amatanthauza "korona" m'Chilatini - ndipo ndi momwe banja ili la ma virus lidatchulidwira.

Nthawi zambiri, ma coronaviruses aanthu amayambitsa matenda opumira pang'ono ngati chimfine. M'malo mwake, mitundu inayi yamatenda amtundu wa anthu imayambitsa matenda am'mapapo mwa akulu.

Mtundu watsopano wa coronavirus ukhoza kutuluka pamene nyama ya coronavirus ikutha kutulutsa matenda kwa anthu. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tikapatsira kuchokera ku chinyama kupita kwa munthu, chimatchedwa zoonotic transmission.

Ma Coronaviruses omwe amapangitsa kuti anthu azidumphira amatha kuyambitsa matenda akulu. Izi zitha kukhala chifukwa cha zinthu zosiyanasiyana, makamaka kusowa kwa chitetezo cha anthu ku kachilombo katsopano. Nazi zitsanzo za ma coronavirus otere:

• SARS-CoV, kachilombo komwe kanayambitsa SARS, yomwe idadziwika koyamba mu 2003
• MERS-CoV, kachilombo komwe kanayambitsa matenda opumira a Middle East (MERS), omwe adadziwika koyamba mu 2012
• SARS-CoV-2, kachilombo kamene kamayambitsa COVID-19, kamene kanadziwika koyamba mu 2019

Kodi SARS ndi chiyani?

SARS ndi dzina la matenda opuma omwe amayambitsidwa ndi SARS-CoV. Mawu akuti SARS amatanthauza matenda oopsa am'mapapo.

Mliri wapadziko lonse wa SARS udayamba kuyambira kumapeto kwa 2002 mpaka pakati pa 2003. Munthawi imeneyi, adadwala ndipo anthu 774 amwalira.

Chiyambi cha SARS-CoV chimaganiziridwa kuti ndi mileme. Amakhulupirira kuti kachilomboka kamadutsa kuchokera ku mileme kupita ku nyama yapakatikati, katsamba, isanadumphire kwa anthu.

Malungo ndi chimodzi mwa zizindikiro zoyambirira za SARS. Izi zitha kutsagana ndi zizindikilo zina, monga:

• chifuwa
• malaise kapena kutopa
• kupweteka kwa thupi

Zizindikiro za kupuma zitha kukulira, ndikupangitsa kupuma pang'ono. Milandu yayikulu imakula mofulumira, ndikupangitsa chibayo kapena kupuma.

Kodi COVID-19 imasiyana bwanji ndi SARS?

COVID-19 ndi SARS ndizofanana m'njira zambiri. Mwachitsanzo, onse:

• ndi matenda opuma amayamba chifukwa cha ma coronaviruses
• kuti adachokera ku mileme, kudumphira kwa anthu kudzera pakati pa nyama
• amafalitsidwa ndi madontho opuma omwe amapangidwa pamene munthu yemwe ali ndi kachilombo akutsokomola kapena amayetsemula, kapena mwa kukhudzana ndi zinthu kapena malo owonongeka
• khalani ndi bata lofananalo mlengalenga komanso m'malo osiyanasiyana
• zingayambitse matenda oopsa kwambiri, nthawi zina omwe amafunikira mpweya wabwino kapena makina
• amatha kukhala ndi zizindikilo pambuyo pake kudwala
• ali ndi magulu omwe ali pachiwopsezo chofanana, monga okalamba komanso omwe ali ndi zovuta zathanzi
• alibe mankhwala enieni kapena katemera

Komabe, matenda awiri ndi mavairasi omwe amawayambitsa amasiyana m'njira zingapo zofunika. Tiyeni tiwone bwinobwino.

Zizindikiro

Ponseponse, zizindikiro za COVID-19 ndi SARS ndizofanana. Koma pali zosiyana zina zobisika.

Kukhwima

Akuti anthu omwe ali ndi COVID-19 adzafunika kupita kuchipatala kuti akalandire chithandizo. Chiwerengero chochepa cha gululi chimafunikira mpweya wabwino.

Milandu ya SARS inali yayikulu kwambiri, makamaka. Akuyerekeza kuti mwa anthu omwe ali ndi SARS amafunika mpweya wabwino.

Chiwerengero cha kufa kwa COVID-19 chimasiyana kwambiri kutengera zinthu monga malo ndi mawonekedwe a anthu. Nthawi zambiri, mitengo yakufa kwa COVID-19 akuti akakhala pakati pa 0.25 ndi 3 peresenti.

SARS ndi yoopsa kwambiri kuposa COVID-19. Chiwerengero cha anthu akufa ndi pafupifupi.

Kutumiza

COVID-19 ikuwoneka kuti ikutumiza kuposa SARS. Chimodzi mwazotheka ndikuti kuchuluka kwa ma virus, kapena kuchuluka kwa ma virus, kumawoneka kukhala kwakukulu kwambiri m'mphuno ndi mmero mwa anthu omwe ali ndi COVID-19 posakhalitsa zizindikiro zikayamba.

Izi ndizosiyana ndi SARS, momwe kuchuluka kwa ma virus kudakwera pambuyo pake kudwala. Izi zikuwonetsa kuti anthu omwe ali ndi COVID-19 atha kupatsira kachilomboka koyambilira kachilomboka, monga momwe zizindikilo zawo zikukulira, koma asadayambe kukulira.

Malinga ndi a, kafukufuku wina akuwonetsa kuti COVID-19 itha kufalikira ndi anthu omwe sakuwonetsa zisonyezo.

Kusiyananso kwina pakati pa matendawa ndikuti pamakhala milandu yokhudza kufalikira kwa SARS chisanachitike chizindikiro.

Zinthu zamagulu

A chidziwitso chathunthu (genome) cha zitsanzo za SARS-CoV-2 zapeza kuti kachilomboko kanali kofanana kwambiri ndi ma bat coronaviruses kuposa kachilombo ka SARS. Coronavirus yatsopano imakhala ndi kufanana kwa ma 79% ndi kachilombo ka SARS.

Malo olandirira omvera a SARS-CoV-2 amafanananso ndi ma coronaviruses ena. Kumbukirani kuti kuti alowe mu selo, kachilomboka kamayenera kuyanjana ndi mapuloteni omwe ali pamwamba pa selo (receptors). Kachilomboka kamachita izi kudzera m'mapuloteni omwewo.

Momwe magawo am'magazi a SARS-CoV-2 amathandizira atasanthulidwa, zotsatira zosangalatsa zidapezeka. Ngakhale SARS-CoV-2 ili yofanana kwambiri ndi ma coronaviruses a bat, malo omangirira cholandirira anali ofanana ndi SARS-CoV.

Wolandila womangiriza

Kafukufuku akuchitika kuti awone momwe coronavirus yatsopano imamangirira ndikulowa m'maselo poyerekeza ndi kachilombo ka SARS. Zotsatira mpaka pano zakhala zosiyanasiyana. Ndikofunikanso kuzindikira kuti kafukufuku amene ali pansipa adachitika kokha ndi mapuloteni osati potengera kachilombo kotheratu.

Kafukufuku waposachedwa watsimikizira kuti onse a SARS-CoV-2 ndi SARS-CoV amagwiritsa ntchito cholandirira chomwecho. Zinapezanso kuti, kwa ma virus onse, ma protein a virus omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito polowetsa ma cell amamangiriza kulandila ndi kulimba komweko (kuyandikana).

Wina anayerekezera malo enieni a mapuloteni a tizilombo omwe ali ndi udindo womangiriza kwa wolandila maselo. Idawona kuti malo olandirira SARS-CoV-2 amamangiriza kumalo olandirira cell omwe ali ndi apamwamba kuyandikana kuposa kwa SARS-CoV.

Ngati coronavirus yatsopano ilidi yolumikizana kwambiri ndi omwe amalandila ma cell cell, izi zitha kufotokozanso chifukwa chake zikuwoneka kuti zikufalikira mosavuta kuposa kachilombo ka SARS.

Kodi COVID-19 ingakhale yayitali kuposa SARS?

Sipanakhalepo kubuka kwapadziko lonse kwa SARS. Milandu yomaliza yomwe inanenedwa inali ndipo inapezeka mu labu. Sipanakhalepo milandu ina yomwe yanenedwa kuyambira pamenepo.

SARS yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito bwino pogwiritsa ntchito njira zathanzi, monga:

• kuzindikira koyambirira ndi kudzipatula
• kukhudzana ndikutsata ndi kudzipatula
• kukhala patali patali ndi anthu ena

Kodi kugwiritsa ntchito njira zomwezi kungathandize kuti COVID-19 ichoke? Pankhaniyi, zingakhale zovuta kwambiri.

Zina mwazinthu zomwe zingapangitse kuti COVID-19 kukhalapo kwanthawi yayitali ndi izi:

• a anthu omwe ali ndi COVID-19 ali ndi matenda ochepa. Ena mwina sangadziwe kuti akudwala. Izi zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kudziwa yemwe ali ndi kachilombo ndi yemwe alibe.
• Anthu omwe ali ndi COVID-19 amawoneka kuti amatulutsa kachilomboka koyambirira pomwe ali ndi kachilombo kuposa anthu omwe ali ndi SARS. Izi zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kudziwa yemwe ali ndi kachilomboka ndikuwapatula asanayambe kufalitsa kwa ena.
• COVID-19 tsopano ikufalikira mosavuta m'magulu. Izi sizinali choncho ndi SARS, yomwe imafalikira kwambiri m'malo azachipatala.
• Tili olumikizidwa kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi kuposa momwe tinaliri mu 2003, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti COVID-19 isavutike kufalikira pakati pa zigawo ndi mayiko.

Mavairasi ena, monga chimfine ndi chimfine, amatsatira nyengo. Chifukwa cha ichi, pali funso loti ngati COVID-19 ipita nyengo ikayamba kutentha. Ndi ngati izi zichitike.

Mfundo yofunika

COVID-19 ndi SARS zonse zimayambitsidwa ndi ma coronaviruses. Mavairasi omwe amayambitsa matendawa mwina adachokera munyama asadapatsidwe kwa munthu wapakatikati.

Pali zofanana zambiri pakati pa COVID-19 ndi SARS. Komabe, palinso kusiyana kofunikira. Milandu ya COVID-19 imatha kuyambira poyambira mpaka povuta, pomwe milandu ya SARS, inali yovuta kwambiri. Koma COVID-19 imafalikira mosavuta. Palinso zosiyana pazizindikiro pakati pa matenda awiriwa.

Sipanakhalepo nkhani yolembedwa ya SARS kuyambira 2004, popeza njira zoyeserera zathanzi zaboma zidakhazikitsidwa kuti muchepetse kufalikira kwake. COVID-19 ikhoza kukhala yovuta kukhala nayo chifukwa kachilombo kamene kamayambitsa matendawa kamafalikira mosavuta ndipo nthawi zambiri kamayambitsa zizindikilo zochepa.