Kodi Mukufuna Kudziwa Chiyani Zokhudza Dementia?

Zamkati

• Tanthauzo la matenda amisala
• Zizindikiro za dementia
• Magawo a dementia
• Kuwonongeka kofatsa kwamalingaliro
• Dementia wofatsa
• Dementia yapakatikati
• Kusokonezeka maganizo kwambiri
• Nchiyani chimayambitsa matenda amisala?
• Matenda osokoneza bongo
• Zina zomwe zimayambitsa matenda amisala
• Mitundu ya matenda amisala
• Kuyesedwa kwa dementia
• Chithandizo cha matenda amisala
• Mankhwala a matenda a maganizo
• Kupewa matenda amisala
• Chiyembekezo cha moyo wama dementia
• Dementia vs. Matenda a Alzheimer
• Kusokonezeka maganizo chifukwa cha mowa
• Kodi kuyiwala si gawo labwinobwino la ukalamba?
• Kodi kufooka kwa malingaliro kumafala motani?
• Ndi kafukufuku uti amene akuchitika?

Tanthauzo la matenda amisala

Dementia ndikuchepa kwa chidziwitso. Kuti tiwonekere kuti ndi amisala, kuwonongeka kwamaganizidwe kuyenera kukhudza magawo awiri aubongo. Dementia imatha kukhudza:

• kukumbukira
• kuganiza
• chilankhulo
• chiweruzo
• khalidwe

Dementia si matenda. Zitha kuyambitsidwa ndi matenda osiyanasiyana kapena kuvulala. Kuwonongeka kwamaganizidwe kumatha kukhala kofewa mpaka kovuta. Zingayambitsenso kusintha umunthu.

Madementi ena amapita patsogolo. Izi zikutanthauza kuti zimaipiraipira pakapita nthawi. Ma dementias ena amatha kuchiritsidwa kapena kusinthidwa. Akatswiri ena amaletsa nthawi matenda amisala kuwonongeka kwamaganizidwe kosasinthika.

Zizindikiro za dementia

Kumayambiriro koyamba, matenda a dementia angayambitse zizindikiro, monga:

• Osalimbana bwino ndi kusintha. Mutha kukhala ndi zovuta kuvomereza kusintha kwakanthawi kapena malo.
• Zosintha mochenjera pakupanga kukumbukira kwakanthawi kochepa. Inu kapena wokondedwa wanu mutha kukumbukira zomwe zidachitika zaka 15 zapitazo monga zidalili dzulo, koma simungakumbukire zomwe mudadya nkhomaliro.
• Kufikira mawu oyenera. Kukumbukira mawu kapena mayanjano kungakhale kovuta kwambiri.
• Kukhala obwerezabwereza. Mutha kufunsa funso lomwelo, malizitsani ntchito yomweyi, kapena nenani nkhani imodzimodzi kangapo.
• Kusokonezeka kwa malangizo. Malo omwe kale mumawadziwa bwino atha kukhala achilendo tsopano. Muthanso kulimbana ndi njira zoyendetsa zomwe mwadutsa kwazaka chifukwa sizikuwoneka bwino.
• Kuvutika kutsatira nkhani. Mutha kupeza zovuta kutsatira nkhani kapena malongosoledwe a munthu kukhala kovuta.
• Kusintha kwa malingaliro. Matenda okhumudwa, kukhumudwa, ndi mkwiyo sizachilendo kwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la misala.
• Kutaya chidwi. Kusasamala kumatha kuchitika mwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la misala. Izi zikuphatikizapo kusiya kukonda zosangalatsa kapena zinthu zomwe mumakonda.

• Magawo a dementia

  Nthawi zambiri, matenda amisala amakula pang'onopang'ono. Dementia imapita mosiyana mwa aliyense. Komabe, anthu ambiri amakhala ndi zizindikilo za magawo amisala otsatirawa:

  
  

  Kuwonongeka kofatsa kwamalingaliro

  Anthu okalamba amatha kukhala ndi vuto losazindikira bwino (MCI) koma sangakhale ndi matenda amisala kapena kuwonongeka kwamaganizidwe ena. Anthu omwe ali ndi MCI nthawi zambiri amakhala oiwala, amavutika kukumbukira mawu, komanso mavuto akumbukira kwakanthawi.

  Dementia wofatsa

  Pakadali pano, anthu omwe ali ndi dementia wofatsa amatha kugwira ntchito pawokha. Zizindikiro zimaphatikizapo:

  • kukumbukira kwakanthawi kumatha
  • kusintha kwa umunthu, kuphatikiza mkwiyo kapena kukhumudwa
  • kuyika zinthu molakwika kapena kuyiwala
  • zovuta ndi ntchito zovuta kapena kuthetsa mavuto
  • kuyesetsa kufotokoza malingaliro kapena malingaliro

  Dementia yapakatikati

  Pakadali pano la matenda amisala, anthu omwe akhudzidwa angafunike thandizo kuchokera kwa wokondedwa kapena wothandizira. Ndi chifukwa chakuti matenda a dementia tsopano amatha kusokoneza ntchito ndi zochita za tsiku ndi tsiku. Zizindikiro zake ndi izi:

  • kusaganiza bwino
  • kuwonjezeka kwa chisokonezo ndi kukhumudwa
  • kuiwalika komwe kumafikira mtsogolo
  • kufuna thandizo pantchito monga kuvala ndi kusamba
  • kusintha kwakukulu kwa umunthu

  Kusokonezeka maganizo kwambiri

  Pofika kumapeto kwa matenda a dementia, zizindikilo za m'maganizo ndi mthupi zimapitilira kuchepa. Zizindikiro zake ndi izi:

  
  
  • Kulephera kugwira ntchito zathupi, kuphatikiza kuyenda ndikumaliza kumeza ndikuwongolera chikhodzodzo
  • kulephera kulankhulana
  • zofuna thandizo la nthawi zonse
  • chiopsezo chowonjezeka cha matenda opatsirana

  Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a dementia apitilira magawo a dementia pamitengo yosiyanasiyana. Kumvetsetsa magawo a dementia kumatha kukuthandizani kukonzekera zamtsogolo.

  Nchiyani chimayambitsa matenda amisala?

  Pali zifukwa zambiri zoyambitsa matenda amisala. Mwambiri, zimachitika chifukwa chakuchepa kwa ma neuron (ma cell aubongo) kapena kusokonezeka kwamachitidwe ena amthupi omwe amakhudza momwe ma neuron amagwirira ntchito.

  Zinthu zingapo zimatha kuyambitsa matenda amisala, kuphatikiza matenda amubongo. Zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa ndi matenda a Alzheimer's and dementia ya mtima.

  Zosintha zamagetsi kumatanthauza kuti ma neuron pang'onopang'ono amalephera kugwira ntchito kapena kugwira ntchito mosayenera ndipo pamapeto pake amafa.

  Izi zimakhudza maulumikizidwe a neuron-to-neuron, otchedwa ma synapses, omwe mauthenga omwe amapitilira muubongo wanu. Kusiyanitsa kumeneku kumatha kubweretsa zovuta zingapo.

  
  

  Zina mwa zifukwa zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a dementia ndi monga:

  Matenda osokoneza bongo

  • Matenda a Alzheimer
  • Matenda a Parkinson okhala ndi matenda amisala
  • dementia ya mtima
  • zotsatira zoyipa zamankhwala
  • uchidakwa wosatha
  • zotupa kapena matenda ena amubongo

  Choyambitsa china ndikutayika kwa lobot yakutsogolo, lomwe ndi bulangeti lazinthu zingapo zomwe zimawononga ma lobes am'mbuyomu komanso osakhalitsa aubongo. Zikuphatikizapo:

  • dementia yapatsogolo
  • Matenda a Pick
  • kupunduka kwa supranuclear
  • kuchepa kwa corticobasal

  Zina zomwe zimayambitsa matenda amisala

  Dementia amathanso kuyambitsidwa ndi zina, kuphatikiza:

  • Matenda aubongo, monga kuthamanga kwa hydrocephalus ndi subdural hematoma
  • Matenda amadzimadzi, monga hypothyroidism, kuchepa kwa vitamini B-12, komanso impso ndi chiwindi
  • poizoni, monga lead

  Zina mwazododomazi zitha kusinthidwa. Izi zomwe zimayambitsa matenda amisala zimatha kusintha zizindikilo ngati agwidwa msanga. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwazifukwa zambiri zomwe ndikofunikira kuti muwone dokotala wanu ndikumupatsirani chithandizo chamankhwala akangotuluka.

  Mitundu ya matenda amisala

  Nthawi zambiri matenda amisala ndi chizindikiro cha matenda ena ake. Matenda osiyanasiyana amayambitsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya dementia. Mitundu yofala kwambiri ya dementia ndi iyi:

  • Matenda a Alzheimer. Mtundu wofala kwambiri wamatenda am'mimba, matenda a Alzheimer amapanga 60 mpaka 80% ya matenda amisala.
  • Mtundu wamaganizidwe amtunduwu umayamba chifukwa chotsika kwa magazi muubongo. Zitha kukhala zotuluka pakukhazikika kwa zolengeza m'mitsempha yomwe imadyetsa magazi kuubongo kapena sitiroko.
  • Lewy kudwala thupi. Mapuloteni amaikidwa m'maselo amitsempha kuti ubongo usatumize zidziwitso zamankhwala. Izi zimabweretsa mauthenga otayika, zochedwa kuchepa, komanso kukumbukira kukumbukira.
  • Matenda a Parkinson. Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a Parkinson otsogola amatha kudwala matenda amisala. Zizindikiro zamatenda amtunduwu zimaphatikizaponso mavuto am'malingaliro ndi kuweruza, komanso kukwiya, kuwonongeka, komanso kukhumudwa.
  • Dementia yakutsogolo. Mitundu ingapo yama dementia imagwera mgululi. Amakhudzidwa ndimasinthidwe am'mbali ndi mbali zamubongo. Zizindikiro zimaphatikizaponso zovuta ndi chilankhulo ndi machitidwe, komanso kutaya mphamvu.

  Mitundu ina ya matenda amisala ilipo. Komabe, ndizochepa. M'malo mwake, mtundu umodzi wamatenda am'mutu umapezeka mwa 1 m'modzi mwa anthu miliyoni. Dziwani zambiri za mtundu wosowa wamatendawu ndi ena.

  Kuyesedwa kwa dementia

  Palibe mayeso amodzi omwe angatsimikizire matenda a dementia.M'malo mwake, wothandizira zaumoyo adzagwiritsa ntchito mayeso ndi mayeso angapo. Izi zikuphatikiza:

  • mbiri yakale yazachipatala
  • kuyezetsa thupi mosamala
  • kuyezetsa labotale, kuphatikiza kuyesa magazi
  • kuwunika zizindikilo, kuphatikiza kusintha kwakumbukiro, machitidwe, ndi magwiridwe antchito aubongo
  • mbiri ya banja

  Madokotala amatha kudziwa ngati inu kapena wokondedwa wanu akukumana ndi zizindikiritso za dementia motsimikiza kwambiri. Komabe, sangathenso kudziwa mtundu wa matenda amisala. Nthawi zambiri, zizindikilo zamtundu wa dementia zimapezeka. Izi zimapangitsa kusiyanitsa mitundu iwiri kukhala kovuta.

  Ena othandizira zaumoyo azipeza matenda a dementia osanenapo mtunduwo. Zikatero, mungafune kukaonana ndi dokotala yemwe amadziwika bwino pofufuza ndi kuchiza matenda amisala. Madokotalawa amatchedwa ma neurologist. Madokotala ena amathandizanso kudziwa matendawa.

  Chithandizo cha matenda amisala

  Mankhwala awiri oyamba amagwiritsidwa ntchito pothana ndi matenda amisala: mankhwala ndi mankhwala osagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala. Si mankhwala onse omwe amavomerezedwa pamtundu uliwonse wamatenda am'mimba, ndipo palibe chithandizo chamankhwala.

  Mankhwala a matenda a maganizo

  Mitundu iwiri yamankhwala imagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda a Alzheimer's:

  • Cholinesterase zoletsa. Mankhwalawa amachulukitsa mankhwala otchedwa acetylcholine. Mankhwalawa atha kuthandiza kukumbukira komanso kusintha maganizo. Zingathenso kuchepetsa zizindikiro zowonjezereka za matenda a Alzheimer's (AD).

  • Kupewa matenda amisala

    Kwa zaka makumi ambiri, madokotala ndi ofufuza amakhulupirira kuti matenda a dementia sangathe kupewa kapena kuchiritsidwa. Komabe, kafukufuku watsopano akuwonetsa kuti mwina sizingakhale choncho.

    Ndemanga ya 2017 idapeza kuti zopitilira gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a matenda amisala zitha kukhala chifukwa chazomwe amachita. Makamaka, ofufuzawo adazindikira zinthu zisanu ndi zinayi zowopsa zomwe zitha kuwonjezera mwayi wamunthu wokhala ndi matenda amisala. Zikuphatikizapo:

    • kusowa maphunziro
    • matenda oopsa
    • kunenepa kwapakatikati
    • kutaya kumva
    • kukhumudwa mochedwa
    • matenda ashuga
    • kusagwira ntchito
    • kusuta
    • kudzipatula pagulu

    Ofufuzawo akukhulupirira kuti kulimbana ndi zoopsazi ndi chithandizo kapena kulowererapo kungachedwetse kapena kupewetsa matenda amisala.

    Matenda a dementia akuyembekezeredwa pafupifupi katatu pofika 2050, koma mutha kuchitapo kanthu kuti muchepetse kuyambika kwa dementia lero.

    Chiyembekezo cha moyo wama dementia

    Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a dementia amatha kukhala zaka zambiri atazindikira. Zitha kuwoneka kuti matenda a dementia siimfa chifukwa cha izi. Komabe, matenda a dementia omwe amachedwa msanga amawerengedwa kuti sangathe.

    Ndizovuta kuti madotolo ndi othandizira azaumoyo alosere zamtsogolo za moyo mwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda amisala. Momwemonso, zinthu zomwe zimakhudza chiyembekezo cha moyo zitha kukhala ndi gawo losiyana kutalika kwa moyo mwa munthu aliyense.

    Mu, azimayi omwe amapezeka kuti ali ndi matenda a Alzheimer amakhala pafupifupi atazindikira. Amuna amakhala. Zoyembekeza pamoyo, kafukufukuyu apeza, ndi zazifupi kwa anthu omwe ali ndi mitundu ina ya matenda amisala.

    Zina mwaziwopsezo zimawonjezera mwayi wakufa kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda amisala. Izi ndi monga:

    • kuchuluka zaka
    • kukhala wamwamuna
    • kuchepa mphamvu ndi magwiridwe antchito
    • zina zowonjezera zamankhwala, matenda, kapena matenda, monga matenda ashuga kapena khansa

    Komabe, nkofunika kukumbukira kuti matenda a dementia satsatira nthawi yeniyeni. Inu kapena wokondedwa wanu mutha kupita patsogolo mwa matenda amisala pang'onopang'ono, kapena kupita patsogolo kungakhale kofulumira komanso kosayembekezereka. Izi zidzakhudza zaka za moyo.

    Dementia vs. Matenda a Alzheimer

    Matenda a Dementia ndi Alzheimer (AD) si ofanana. Dementia ndi ambulera yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pofotokoza za zizindikilo zokhudzana ndi kukumbukira, chilankhulo, komanso kupanga zisankho.

    AD ndiye mtundu wodziwika bwino wamatenda amisala. Zimayambitsa vuto ndi kukumbukira kwakanthawi kochepa, kukhumudwa, kusokonezeka, kusintha kwamakhalidwe, ndi zina zambiri.

    Dementia imayambitsa zizindikilo monga kuyiwala kapena kufooka kwa kukumbukira, kusowa kolowera, kusokonezeka, komanso kuvutika ndi chisamaliro chaumwini. Gulu lenileni la zizindikilo limatengera mtundu wa matenda amisala omwe muli nawo.

    AD amathanso kuyambitsa zizindikilozi, koma zizindikilo zina za AD zimaphatikizaponso kukhumudwa, kulephera kuweruza bwino, komanso kulephera kuyankhula.

    Momwemonso, chithandizo cha matenda amisala chimadalira mtundu womwe muli nawo. Komabe, mankhwala a AD nthawi zambiri amaphatikizana ndi mankhwala ena osagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo.

    Pankhani yamitundu ina ya dementia, kuthana ndi chomwe chimayambitsa kungakhale kothandiza pochepetsa kapena kuyimitsa zovuta zakukumbukira ndi mayendedwe. Komabe, sizili choncho ndi AD.

    Kuyerekeza zinthu ziwirizi kungakuthandizeni kusiyanitsa zizindikiro zomwe inu kapena wokondedwa wanu akukumana nazo.

    Kusokonezeka maganizo chifukwa cha mowa

    Kumwa mowa kumatha kukhala chiopsezo choteteza matenda amisala. Zidapezeka kuti milandu yambiri yamatenda am'mbuyomu imakhudzana ndi kumwa mowa.

    Kafukufukuyu adapeza kuti milandu yoyambitsa matenda amisala idalumikizidwa mwachindunji ndi mowa. Kuphatikiza apo, 18 peresenti ya anthu omwe anali mu kafukufukuyu adapezeka kuti ali ndi vuto lakumwa.

    Matenda osokoneza bongo, ofufuzawo adapeza, amachulukitsa chiopsezo cha munthu chodwala matenda amisala

    Sikuti kumwa konse kuli kowopsa kuzokumbukira zanu ndi thanzi lamisala. Kumwa mopitirira muyeso (osapitilira galasi limodzi patsiku kwa akazi ndi magalasi awiri patsiku kwa amuna) atha kukhala othandiza paumoyo wamtima wanu.

    Mowa ukhoza kukhala wowopsa kuposa zomwe umakumbukira, koma zakumwa zomwe umamwa ndizofunika. Pezani zomwe zili bwino kuti mumwe ngati mukuyang'ana kuti muchepetse vuto lanu la misala.

    Kodi kuyiwala si gawo labwinobwino la ukalamba?

    Ndi zabwinobwino kuiwala zinthu kamodzi kanthawi. Kuiwala kukumbukira pakokha sikukutanthauza kuti uli ndi matenda amisala. Pali kusiyana pakati pa kuyiwala kwakanthawi ndi kuiwala komwe kumayambitsa nkhawa yayikulu.

    Mabendera ofiira ofooka a chifuwa chachikulu ndi awa:

    • kuyiwala who wina ali
    • kuyiwala Bwanji kuchita ntchito wamba, monga kugwiritsa ntchito foni kapena kupeza njira yobwerera kwanu
    • Kulephera kumvetsetsa kapena kusunga chidziwitso chomwe chaperekedwa momveka bwino

    Pitani kuchipatala ngati mukumane ndi izi.

    Kutayika m'malo omwe mumawadziwa nthawi zambiri chimakhala chimodzi mwazizindikiro zoyambirira za matenda a dementia. Mwachitsanzo, mungakhale ndi vuto poyendetsa galimoto kupita kumsika.

    Kodi kufooka kwa malingaliro kumafala motani?

    Pafupifupi 10 peresenti ya anthu azaka zapakati pa 65 mpaka 74 ndipo ali ndi matenda amisala.

    Chiwerengero cha anthu omwe amapezeka ndi matenda amisala kapena kukhala nawo chikuchulukirachulukira. Kukula kumeneku kumachitika chifukwa chakukula kwa zaka za moyo.

    Pofika chaka cha 2030, kukula kwa anthu azaka 65 kapena kupitilira apo ku United States akuyembekezeka kukhala pafupifupi kawiri kuchokera pa anthu 37 miliyoni mu 2006 mpaka pafupifupi 74 miliyoni pofika 2030, malinga ndi Federal Interagency Forum on Aging-Related Statistics Older American .

    Ndi kafukufuku uti amene akuchitika?

    Asayansi padziko lonse lapansi akugwira ntchito molimbika kuti amvetsetse bwino zinthu zosiyanasiyana zamatenda amisala. Izi zitha kuthandiza kukhazikitsa njira zodzitetezera, zida zoyeserera zoyeserera koyambirira, njira zabwino komanso zanthawi yayitali, komanso machiritso.

    Mwachitsanzo, kafukufuku woyambirira akuwonetsa kuti mankhwala wamba a mphumu omwe amatchedwa zileuton amatha kuchepa, kuyimitsa, komanso kuthekera kosintha kukula kwa mapuloteni muubongo. Mapuloteniwa amapezeka kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a Alzheimer's.

    Kafukufuku wina waposachedwa akuwonetsa kuti kukhudzika kwa ubongo kungakhale njira yothandiza yochepetsera zizindikiro za Alzheimer's mwa odwala okalamba. Njirayi yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda a Parkinson, monga kunjenjemera, kwazaka zambiri.

    Tsopano, ofufuza akuyang'ana kuthekera kochepetsa kupititsa patsogolo kwa Alzheimer's.

    Asayansi akufufuza zinthu zingapo zomwe akuganiza kuti zingakhudze kukula kwa matenda amisala, kuphatikiza:

    • zinthu zobadwa nazo
    • ma neurotransmitters osiyanasiyana
    • kutupa
    • zinthu zomwe zimakhudza kufa kwa ma cell muubongo
    • tau, mapuloteni omwe amapezeka m'mitsempha yamitsempha yamkati
    • Kupsyinjika kwa okosijeni, kapena zochita zamankhwala zomwe zingawononge mapuloteni, DNA, ndi lipids mkati mwa maselo

    Kafukufukuyu atha kuthandiza madotolo ndi asayansi kuti amvetsetse zomwe zimayambitsa matenda amisala, ndikupeza njira yabwino yochizira komanso kupewa matendawa.

    Palinso umboni wochulukirapo wosonyeza kuti zinthu zina pamoyo zingakhale zothandiza pochepetsa chiopsezo chokhala ndi matenda amisala. Izi zingaphatikizepo kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi pafupipafupi komanso kucheza ndi anthu ocheza nawo.