Matenda obwera chifukwa cha nkhunda: zizindikiro ndi zoyenera kuchita

Zamkati

• 1. Cryptococcosis
• 2. Salmonellosis
• 3. Virus encephalitis
• 4. Matenda ndi Escherichia coli

Nkhunda ndizinyama zofala kwambiri mumzinda uliwonse, koma zimatha kukhala zowopsa paumoyo wa anthu, chifukwa zimatha kufalitsa matenda osiyanasiyana, monga zoonoses, monga cryptococcosis kapena salmonellosis, mwachitsanzo.

Komabe, kufalikira kwa matenda amtunduwu kumachitika makamaka kudzera mwa njenjete ndipo, chifukwa chake, ngakhale sikuyenera kuthetseratu nkhunda, chisamaliro chiyenera kuchitidwa kuti chisakhudzane ndi ndowe. Kuphatikiza apo, ndikofunikira kuti mizinda izitsuka ndowe moyenera, popeza zikauma, zimatha kusanduka fumbi ndipo zimatha kupumidwa ndi anthu ndipo wothandizirayo yemwe amayambitsa matendawa amatha kukhazikika m'mapapu, ndikupangitsa mavuto.

Matenda akulu omwe nkhunda zimafalitsa ndi awa:

1. Cryptococcosis

Cryptococcosis ndi amodzi mwamatenda akulu omwe amafalitsidwa ndi nkhunda zam'mizinda ndipo amayambitsidwa ndi bowa womwe umakhala ndikukula mu ndowe, Cryptococcus neoformans. Matenda a bowawa akamapuma, pamakhala kuwonongeka koyambirira kwamapapu ndipo bowa limakula, limafalikira kumadera ena amthupi kudzera mumwazi, kufikira dongosolo lamanjenje ndikupangitsa matenda a meningitis, omwe ndi cryptococcosis yoopsa.

O Cryptococcus neoformans amawerengedwa kuti ndi bowa wopezera mwayi, ndiye kuti, kukula kwa matendawa kumachitika pamene chitetezo cha mthupi chimasokonekera, makamaka chifukwa cha kachilombo ka HIV. Chifukwa chake, kutengera chitetezo chamthupi cha munthu, matendawa amatha kapena sangachitike ndipo kuopsa kwa zizindikirazo kumasiyanasiyana.

Zizindikiro zazikulu: Zizindikiro za cryptococcosis zimasiyana malinga ndi kuchepa kwa chitetezo chamthupi cha munthu, komabe zomwe zimafala kwambiri ndikumva kupuma movutikira, kuyetsemula kosalekeza, mphuno yothamanga, kufooka komanso kupweteka mthupi lonse. Dziwani momwe mungazindikire zizindikiro za cryptococcosis.

Zoyenera kuchita: Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti munthuyo apite kuchipinda chodzidzimutsa kukatsimikizira kuti ali ndi vutoli, popeza zizindikirazo zikufanana ndi matenda ena ambiri, kuphatikizapo fuluwenza, motero, mankhwala amayambika, omwe amachitika pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera fungal. Amphotericin B kapena Fluconazole kwa milungu 6 mpaka 10 malinga ndi upangiri wa zamankhwala.

2. Salmonellosis

Ngakhale salmonellosis imachitika kawirikawiri mukadya zakudya zosasambitsidwa bwino kapena zosakonzedwa bwino, kutumiza kwa mabakiteriya Salmonella itha kuchitika chifukwa cha njiwa zankhunda. Izi zili choncho chifukwa ndowe zikauma ndi kusanduka fumbi, zimatha kunyamulidwa ndi mphepo ndikukoleredwa zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba zomwe, zikapanda kutsukidwa bwino, zitha kuipitsa anthu.

Zizindikiro zazikulu: Zizindikiro za salmonellosis nthawi zambiri zimakhala m'mimba, ndipo pakhoza kukhala nseru ndi kusanza kwa maola opitilira 24, kutsegula m'mimba koopsa, kutentha thupi pang'ono komanso kupweteka m'mimba kosalekeza.

Zoyenera kuchita: Nthawi zambiri zizindikilo zimayamba bwino pakatha masiku atatu, zimangolimbikitsidwa kuti mupumule kunyumba, kudya chakudya chopepuka ndikumwa madzi ambiri. Komabe, ngati zizindikirazo sizikusintha, muyenera kupita kwa dokotala kuti akayambitse chithandizo ndi maantibayotiki ndi kasamalidwe ka seramu kuchokera mumtsempha kuti muchepetse kuchepa kwa madzi.

3. Virus encephalitis

Nkhunda ndi amodzi mwamasamba ofunikira kwambiri mavairasi monga West Nile virus kapena Saint Louis encephalitis.Matendawa amatha kupatsira dongosolo lamanjenje ndikupangitsa zizindikiritso zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo kutaya chidziwitso ndikukhala pachiwopsezo chofa. Mtundu wa encephalitis umafalikira ndi udzudzu, womwe ukatha kuluma nkhunda, umatha kuluma anthu ndikupatsirana kachilomboka.

Zizindikiro zazikulu: Zizindikiro zimasiyanasiyana kutengera kachilomboka komanso kuopsa kwake, komabe zizindikilo zomwe zimapezeka pafupipafupi ndimutu wopweteka kwambiri, kutentha thupi kwambiri komanso khunyu, mwachitsanzo.

Zoyenera kuchita: Tikulimbikitsidwa kuti mupite nthawi yomweyo kuchipatala kuti mukapimidwe ndikuyamba mankhwala oyenera, omwe nthawi zambiri amaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito ma antipyretics, monga Paracetamol ndi anticonvulsants, monga Carbamazepine. Dziwani zambiri za encephalitis ndi chithandizo chake.

4. Matenda ndi Escherichia coli

THE Escherichia coli, wotchedwanso E. coli, ndi bakiteriya yemwe amakhala m'matumbo mwa anthu, komanso amapezeka kwambiri mumtsuko wa nkhunda. Kuti mupewe matenda amtunduwu ndikofunikira kusamba m'manja mutakhala m'malo okhala ndi nkhunda, mwachitsanzo.

Zizindikiro zazikulu: Kotero, monga salmonellosis, zizindikiro za matenda ndi E. coli ali m'matumbo, m'mimba kupweteka, kutopa kwambiri, nseru, kusanza ndi kutsekula m'mimba. Phunzirani momwe mungazindikire zizindikiro za matenda a E. coli.

Zoyenera kuchita: Nthawi zambiri, matenda a Escherichia coli itha kuchiritsidwa kunyumba ndikupumula, kumwa madzi komanso chakudya chopepuka. Komabe, ngati zizindikilozo ndizolimba kwambiri, zikakulirakulira kapena ngati zikuwonekera mwa ana kapena okalamba, ndikofunikira kupita kuchipinda chodzidzimutsa kuti mukayambe kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala omwe amathandizira zizindikilozo pomwe thupi limalimbana ndi matendawa.