Kodi Kudya Nsomba Yoyipa Kuli Kabwino Ndiponso Kathanzi?

Zamkati

• Mitundu ya Zakudya Zakudya Zam'madzi
• Matenda Opatsirana kuchokera ku Nsomba Yaikulu
• Matenda a Chiwindi
• Ziphuphu
• Ziphuphu
• Matenda a Bakiteriya
• Nsomba Zosaphika Zitha Kukhala Ndi Zowononga Zambiri
• Kodi Ubwino Wodya Kansomba Yakuda Ndi Chiyani?
• Momwe Mungachepetse Kuopsa Kwa Nsomba Zosaphika
• Mfundo Yofunika Kwambiri

Pali zifukwa zingapo zothandiza kuti anthu aziphika nsomba asadadye, m'malo mongogwiritsa ntchito yaiwisi.

Chofunika kwambiri, kuphika kumapha mabakiteriya ndi tiziromboti tomwe timayambitsa matenda.

Komabe, anthu ena amakonda kapangidwe ka nsomba zosaphika. Ndiwodziwika kwambiri ku Japan ngati gawo la mbale monga sushi ndi sashimi.

Koma kodi nsomba yaiwisi ndi yotetezeka motani? Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza kuopsa kwake ndi maubwino ake.

Mitundu ya Zakudya Zakudya Zam'madzi

Zakudya zazikulu za nsomba zikukula. Nazi zitsanzo zingapo:

• Sushi: Gulu lazakudya zaku Japan, sushi limadziwika ndi mpunga wophika, wa mpesa ndi zina zambiri, kuphatikiza nsomba zaiwisi.
• Sashimi: Chakudya china cha ku Japan chomwe chimakhala ndi nsomba yaiwisi yaiwisi kapena nyama.
• Chojambula: Saladi ya ku Hawaii mwachizolowezi imapangidwa ndi zidutswa za nsomba zosaphika zomwe zimakhala zokometsera komanso zosakaniza ndi masamba.
• Ceviche: Chakudya cham'madzi chopanda marine chotchuka ku Latin America. Amakhala ndi nsomba yaiwisi yochiritsidwa mu mandimu kapena mandimu.
• Carpaccio: Kawirikawiri ku Italy, carpaccio ndi chakudya choyambirira chomwe chimapangidwa ndi nyama yang'ombe yosakanizidwa kapena yophika. Mawuwa amathanso kuphimba mbale zofananira zomwe zimakhala ndi mitundu ina ya nyama yaiwisi kapena nsomba.
• Koi pla: Chakudya chakumwera chakum'mawa kwa Asia komwe kumakhala nsomba zaiwisi zosaphika zosakaniza ndi madzi a mandimu ndi zinthu zina zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza msuzi wa nsomba, adyo, chilis, zitsamba ndi masamba.
• Soused hering'i: Ng'ombe yaiwisi ya marinated yomwe imapezeka ku Netherlands.
• Zowonongeka: Mbale ya Nordic yopangidwa ndi nsomba yaiwisi yosamalidwa mu shuga, mchere ndi katsabola. Nthawi zambiri amadya ndi msuzi wa mpiru.

Zakudya izi ndi gawo lofunikira pachikhalidwe cha chakudya padziko lonse lapansi.

Nsomba zosaphika ndizofunikira kwambiri pazakudya zosiyanasiyana padziko lonse lapansi, kuphatikiza sushi, sashimi ndi ceviche.

Matenda Opatsirana kuchokera ku Nsomba Yaikulu

Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi chomera kapena nyama yomwe imadyetsa chamoyo china, chotchedwa wolandirayo, osapindulitsanso chilichonse.

Ngakhale majeremusi ena samayambitsa zizindikiro zowoneka bwino, zambiri zimatha kuvulaza pakapita nthawi.

Matenda oyambukira mwa anthu ndi vuto lalikulu lathanzi m'maiko ambiri otentha. Ambiri mwa iwo amapatsirana ndi madzi akumwa omwe ali ndi kachilombo kapena chakudya chophika mosayenera, kuphatikizapo nsomba zaiwisi.

Komabe, mutha kuchepetsa chiwopsezochi pogula nsomba zaiwisi m'malesitilanti odalirika kapena ogulitsa omwe azisamalira bwino ndikuzikonza.

Pansipa pali chidule cha matenda ena opatsirana omwe angapatsidwe kwa anthu atadya nsomba yaiwisi kapena yosaphika.

Matenda a Chiwindi

Matenda a chiwindi ndi banja la tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tomwe timayambitsa matenda otchedwa opisthorchiasis.

Matenda amapezeka kwambiri kumadera otentha a Asia, Africa, South America ndi Eastern Europe ().

Ofufuzawo akuti pafupifupi anthu 17 miliyoni padziko lonse lapansi, ambiri ku Southeast Asia, amakhudzidwa ndi opisthorchiasis.

Ziphuphu zazikulu za chiwindi zimakhala m'matenda a anthu omwe ali ndi kachilomboka ndi zinyama zina, kumene zimadya magazi. Zitha kuyambitsa chiwindi chokulitsa, matenda am'mimba a bile, kutupa kwa ndulu, ma gallstones ndi khansa ya chiwindi ().

Choyambitsa chachikulu cha opisthorchiasis chikuwoneka kuti chikudya nsomba yaiwisi kapena yophika bwino. Manja osasamba komanso malo okonzera zakudya zauve ndi ziwiya zakhitchini zimathandizanso (,).

Ziphuphu

Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timafalitsa kwa anthu omwe amadya nsomba zam'madzi zosaphika kapena zopanda madzi kapena nsomba za m'nyanja zomwe zimatuluka m'mitsinje yamadzi. Izi zikuphatikizapo nsomba.

Ndiwo tizirombo tambiri todziwika bwino toyambitsa matenda a anthu, mpaka kutalika mamita 15. Asayansi akuganiza kuti mpaka anthu 20 miliyoni atha kutenga kachilombo padziko lonse lapansi (,).

Ngakhale tapeworms ya nsomba nthawi zambiri siyimayambitsa zizindikiro, imatha kuyambitsa matenda omwe amadziwika kuti diphyllobothriasis.

Zizindikiro za diphyllobothriasis nthawi zambiri zimakhala zochepa ndipo zimaphatikizapo kutopa, kusapeza m'mimba, kutsegula m'mimba kapena kudzimbidwa ().

Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tikhoza kuba zakudya zambiri m'matumbo, makamaka vitamini B12. Izi zitha kupangitsa kuti mavitamini B12 akhale otsika kapena kuchepa ().

Ziphuphu

Mphutsi zoyambilira zimatha kudwala matenda otchedwa anisakiasis. Nyongolotsi izi zimakhala mu nsomba za m'madzi, kapena nsomba zomwe zimakhala gawo limodzi la moyo wawo m'nyanja, monga nsomba.

Matendawa amapezeka kwambiri kumadera komwe nsomba zimakonda kudyedwa zosaphika kapena kuzifutsa mopepuka kapena mchere, kuphatikiza Scandinavia, Japan, Netherlands ndi South America.

Mosiyana ndi tiziromboti tomwe timanyamula nsomba, Anisakis nyongolotsi sizingakhale mwa anthu nthawi yayitali.

Amayesa kubowola pakhoma la m'matumbo, momwe amamatira ndipo kenako amafa. Izi zitha kuyambitsa chitetezo chamthupi champhamvu chomwe chimayambitsa kutupa, kupweteka m'mimba ndikusanza (,).

Anisakiasis amathanso kuyambitsa chitetezo chamthupi ngakhale nyongolotsi zitafa kale nsomba zikadyedwa ().

Banja lina la nyongolotsi zamatenda zimatha kuyambitsa matenda otchedwa gnathostomiasis ().

Nyongolotsi izi zimapezeka mu nsomba zosaphika kapena zosaphika, nkhuku ndi achule ku Southeast Asia, Latin America, India ndi South Africa. Komabe, matenda ndi osowa kunja kwa Asia.

Zizindikiro zazikulu ndikumva m'mimba, kusanza, kusowa kwa njala ndi malungo. Nthawi zina, zimatha kuyambitsa zilonda pakhungu, zotupa, kuyabwa ndi kutupa ().

Kutengera komwe mthupi la wolandila nyongolotsi zimasunthira, matendawa amatha kubweretsa zovuta zazikulu m'magulu osiyanasiyana.

Kudya nsomba yaiwisi pafupipafupi kumawonjezera chiwopsezo cha matenda opatsirana. Tiziromboti tomwe timanyamula nsomba tikhoza kukhala mwa anthu, ngakhale ambiri a iwo ndi osowa kapena amapezeka mmaiko otentha.

Matenda a Bakiteriya

Chifukwa china chomwe nsomba imaphikidwa ndi chiopsezo cha poizoni wa chakudya.

Zizindikiro zazikulu za poyizoni wazakudya zimaphatikizapo kukhumudwa m'mimba, nseru, kusanza ndi kutsekula m'mimba.

Mabakiteriya omwe atha kupezeka mwa nsomba zosaphika amaphatikizanso Listeria, Vibrio, Clostridium ndipo Salmonella (, , ).

Kafukufuku wina wochokera ku US adapeza kuti pafupifupi 10% ya nsomba zaiwisi zomwe zatulutsidwa kunja ndi 3% ya nsomba zaiwisi zaiwisi zomwe zidayesedwa Salmonella ().

Komabe, kwa anthu athanzi, chiopsezo chakudya chakupha chifukwa chodya nsomba zosaphika nthawi zambiri chimakhala chochepa.

Anthu omwe ali ndi chitetezo chamthupi chofooka, monga okalamba, ana aang'ono komanso odwala kachilombo ka HIV, amatenga kachilombo mosavuta. Magulu oopsawa ayenera kupewa nyama ndi nsomba zosaphika.

Kuphatikiza apo, amayi apakati nthawi zambiri amalangizidwa kuti asadye nsomba yaiwisi chifukwa chowopsa cha Listeria matenda, omwe angayambitse imfa ya mwana.

Pakadali pano, pafupifupi azimayi 12 mwa amayi 100,000 aliwonse apakati amatenga kachilombo ku US ().

Vuto lina lomwe limakhalapo ndikudya nsomba yaiwisi ndi poyizoni wazakudya. Anthu omwe ali ndi chitetezo chamthupi chofooka ayenera kupewa kudya nyama yaiwisi ndi nsomba.

Nsomba Zosaphika Zitha Kukhala Ndi Zowononga Zambiri

Zowonongeka zachilengedwe (POPs) ndizoopsa, zopangidwa ndi mafakitale, monga polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) ndi polybrominated diphenyl esters (PBDEs).

Nsomba zimadziwika kuti zimasonkhanitsa ma POP, makamaka nsomba zowetedwa, monga nsomba. Kugwiritsa ntchito chakudya chodetsedwa cha nsomba kumawoneka ngati vuto lalikulu (,,).

Kudya kwambiri kwa zoipitsazi kumalumikizidwa ndi matenda osachiritsika kuphatikiza khansa ndi mtundu wa 2 shuga (,).

Kafukufuku wina adapeza kuti kuchuluka kwa ma POP kunali pafupifupi 26% poyerekeza ndi nsomba yophika poyerekeza ndi nsomba zosaphika za mtundu womwewo ().

Zida zolemera zolemera, monga mercury, ndizofunikanso paumoyo. Kafukufuku wina adapeza kuti kuchuluka kwa mercio yomwe imatha kupezeka ndi 50-60% m'munsi mwa nsomba zophika kuposa nsomba zaiwisi ().

Momwe izi zimagwirira ntchito sizowonekera bwino, koma zikuwoneka kuti zikugwirizana ndi kutayika kwa mafuta kuchokera kuzomanga za nsomba pomwe akuphika.

Ngakhale kuphika nsomba kungakhale kotheka kuti muchepetse kupezeka kwanu pazowononga zambiri, mwina sizingagwire ntchito pazoyipitsa zonse ().

Kuphika nsomba kumawoneka kuti kumachepetsa kuchuluka kwa zoipitsa zina, kuphatikiza ma PCB, ma PBDEs ndi mercury.

Kodi Ubwino Wodya Kansomba Yakuda Ndi Chiyani?

Pali zabwino zingapo zathanzi pakudya nsomba yaiwisi.

Choyamba, nsomba yaiwisi ilibe zonyansa zomwe zimapangidwa nsomba zikawotchedwa kapena zokutidwa. Mwachitsanzo, nsomba zophikidwa motentha kwambiri zitha kukhala ndi amine heterocyclic amines ().

Kafukufuku wowonera adalumikiza kudya kwambiri ma heterocyclic amines omwe ali ndi chiopsezo chowonjezeka cha khansa ().

Chachiwiri, kuwotchera nsomba kumatha kuchepetsa omega-3 fatty acids athanzi, monga eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) ndi docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (,).

Mwachidule, mbali zina za thanzi zimatha kutsika nsomba zikaphikidwa.

Kuphatikiza apo, palinso maubwino ena pakudya nsomba zosaphika zomwe sizikugwirizana ndi thanzi. Kusaphika kumapulumutsa nthawi, ndipo kuyamikiridwa kwa mbale za nsomba zosaphika kumathandizira kusunga zikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana.

Nsomba yaiwisi ilibe zoipitsa zomwe zimatha kupangidwa. Zitha kuperekanso michere yambiri, monga omega-3 fatty acids.

Momwe Mungachepetse Kuopsa Kwa Nsomba Zosaphika

Ngati mumakonda kukoma ndi kapangidwe ka nsomba zosaphika, pali njira zingapo zomwe mungachepetsere chiopsezo cha matenda opatsirana ndi bakiteriya.

• Ingodya nsomba yaiwisi yomwe yasungidwa: Kusungunula nsomba kwa sabata limodzi -4 ° F (-20 ° C), kapena kwa maola 15 pa -31 ° F (-35 ° C), ndi njira yothandiza kupha majeremusi. Koma kumbukirani kuti mafiriji ena anyumba sangazizire mokwanira ().
• Yenderani nsomba zanu: Kuyang'ana nsombayo musanadye ndiyofunikanso, koma mwina sikokwanira chifukwa tiziromboti tambiri sitimapezeka.
• Gulani kwa ogulitsa odziwika: Onetsetsani kuti mwagula nsomba zanu m'malesitilanti odalirika kapena ogulitsa nsomba omwe asunga ndikuzisamalira moyenera.
• Gulani nsomba za mufiriji: Gulani nsomba zomwe zili mufiriji kapena zowonetsedwa pansi pa chivundikiro pakhungu lokwanira.
• Onetsetsani kuti ikumveka bwino: Musadye nsomba zomwe zimanunkhiza zowawa kapena zaukali.
• Musasunge nsomba zatsopano kwa nthawi yayitali: Ngati simukuwumitsa nsomba zanu, zisungeni pa ayezi mufiriji yanu ndikudya mkati mwa masiku angapo mutagula.
• Osasiya nsomba kwa nthawi yayitali: Osasiya nsomba m'firiji kwa ola limodzi kapena awiri. Mabakiteriya amaberekana mofulumira kutentha.
• Sambani manja anu: Sambani m'manja mutatha kugwira nsomba zaiwisi kuti mupewe kuipitsa chakudya chomwe mudzagwiritse ntchito pambuyo pake.
• Sambani khitchini yanu ndi ziwiya zanu: Ziwiya zakhitchini ndi malo okonzera chakudya ziyeneranso kutsukidwa bwino kuti zisawonongeke.

Ngakhale kuzizira sikumapha mabakiteriya onse, kumasiya kukula kwawo ndipo kumatha kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwawo ().

Ngakhale kuyenda panyanja, kutsuka kapena kusuta komwe kumachepetsa ma parasites ndi mabakiteriya omwe ali nawo, njirazi sizodalirika popewa matenda ().

Njira yabwino kwambiri yochotsera tiziromboti mu nsomba yaiwisi ndi kuzizira pa -4 ° F (-20 ° C) kwa masiku osachepera asanu ndi awiri. Kuzizira kumayimitsanso kukula kwa bakiteriya, koma sikupha mabakiteriya onse.

Mfundo Yofunika Kwambiri

Kudya nsomba yaiwisi kumayenderana ndi chiopsezo chachikulu chotenga tizilombo toyambitsa matenda komanso poyizoni wazakudya. Komabe, mutha kuchepetsa izi potsatira malangizo ochepa osavuta.

Pongoyambira, nthawi zonse mugule nsomba zanu kwa omwe amapereka ndalama.

Kuphatikiza apo, nsomba zosaphika ziyenera kuzizidwa kale, chifukwa kuziziritsa pa -4 ° F (-20 ° C) kwa sabata imodzi kuyenera kupha tiziromboti tonse.

Sungani nsomba zosungunuka pa ayezi mufiriji ndipo muzidya masiku angapo.

Kutsatira malangizowa, mutha kusangalala ndi nsomba yaiwisi kunyumba ndi m'malesitilanti pachiwopsezo ku thanzi lanu.