Autoimmune encephalitis: chomwe chiri, zomwe zimayambitsa ndi chithandizo

Zamkati

• Zizindikiro zazikulu
• Momwe matendawa amapangidwira
• Momwe mankhwalawa amachitikira
• Zomwe zingayambitse encephalitis

Autoimmune encephalitis ndikutupa kwaubongo komwe kumachitika chitetezo cha mthupi chitamenya ma cell am'magazi okha, kuwononga magwiridwe ake ndikuwonetsa zizindikilo monga kugwedezeka mthupi, kusintha kwa mawonekedwe, kugwidwa kapena kusakhazikika, mwachitsanzo, zomwe zitha kapena osasiya sequelae .

Matendawa ndi osowa, ndipo amatha kukhudza anthu azaka zonse. Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya encephalitis yodziyimira payokha, chifukwa imadalira mtundu wa antibody womwe umagunda ma cell ndi dera laubongo lomwe lakhudzidwa, ndi zitsanzo zina zazikulu zotsutsana ndi NMDA encephalitis, encephalitis kapena limbic encephalitis mwachitsanzo , yomwe imatha kuchitika chifukwa cha khansa, itatha matenda kapena popanda chifukwa chomveka.

Ngakhale autoimmune encephalopathy ilibe mankhwala enieni, imatha kuthandizidwa pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ena, monga ma anticonvulsants, corticosteroids kapena ma immunosuppressants, mwachitsanzo, omwe amachepetsa zizindikilo, amachepetsa kutupa ndikuthandizira kubwezeretsa magwiridwe antchito amubongo.

Zizindikiro zazikulu

Popeza autoimmune encephalitis imakhudza magwiridwe antchito aubongo, zizindikilo zimasiyana malinga ndi dera lomwe lakhudzidwa. Komabe, zizindikiro zofala kwambiri ndi izi:

• Kufooka kapena kusintha kwa chidwi m'magulu osiyanasiyana amthupi;
• Kutaya malire;
• Kulankhula kovuta;
• Kusuntha kosadzipereka;
• Masomphenya amasintha, monga kusawona bwino;
• Kumvetsetsa kovuta ndi kukumbukira kukumbukira;
• Kusintha kwa kukoma;
• Kuvuta kugona komanso kusokonezeka pafupipafupi;
• Kusintha kwa malingaliro kapena umunthu.

Kuphatikiza apo, kulumikizana pakati pa ma neuron kukakhudzidwa kwambiri, amathanso kuchitika ngati kuyerekezera zinthu m'maganizo, zonyenga kapena malingaliro okhumudwitsa.

Chifukwa chake, encephalitis yodziyimira payokha imatha kuzindikiridwa molakwika, monga matenda amisala amtundu wa schizophrenia kapena bipolar disorder. Izi zikachitika, mankhwalawa sanachitike moyenera ndipo zizindikilozo zitha kukulirakulira pakapita nthawi kapena sizikuwonetsa kusintha kulikonse.

Momwe matendawa amapangidwira

Pofuna kudziwa bwino za matendawa ndikofunikira kukaonana ndi katswiri wa zamagulu, monga kuwonjezera pakuwunika zizindikilo ndikofunikanso kuyesa mayeso ena azakafukufuku, monga kusanthula kwa madzi amadzimadzi, maginito opanga maginito kapena electroencephalogram kuti azindikire zotupa muubongo. zomwe zikuwonetsa kukhalapo kwa encephalitis yodziyimira payokha.

Kuyesedwa kwamagazi kumathandizidwanso kuti muwone ngati kuli ma antibodies omwe angayambitse kusintha kwamtunduwu. Zina mwazodzidzimutsa ndizotsutsa-NMDAR, anti-VGKC kapena anti-GlyR, mwachitsanzo, makamaka mtundu uliwonse wa encephalitis.

Kuphatikiza apo, kuti afufuze encephalitis yodziyimira payokha, adokotala amafunikanso kuthana ndi zifukwa zina zomwe zimayambitsa kutupa kwaubongo, monga matenda a ma virus kapena bakiteriya.

Momwe mankhwalawa amachitikira

Chithandizo cha autoimmune encephalitis chimayambika ndi imodzi kapena zingapo zamankhwala awa:

• Kugwiritsa ntchito corticosteroids, monga Prednisone kapena Hydrocortisone, kuti achepetse kuyankha kwa chitetezo chamthupi;
• Kugwiritsa ntchito ma immunosuppressants, monga Rituximab kapena Cyclophosphamide, pofuna kuchepetsa mphamvu zachitetezo cha mthupi;
• Plasmapheresis, kusefa magazi ndikuchotsa ma antibodies owonjezera omwe akuyambitsa matendawa;
• Majakisoni a Immunoglobulinchifukwa imachotsa kumangiriza kwa ma antibodies owopsa m'maselo aubongo;
• Kuchotsa zotupa atha kukhala gwero la ma antibodies omwe amayambitsa encephalitis.

Mankhwala nawonso angafunike kuti muchepetse zizindikilo monga ma anticonvulsants kapena anxiolytics, mwachitsanzo.

Kuphatikiza apo, ndikofunikira kuti munthu amene wakhudzidwa ndi encephalitis yodziyimira payokha ayambe kukonza, ndipo pangafunike chithandizo chamankhwala, chithandizo chantchito kapena kutsata amisala, kuti achepetse zizindikilo ndikuchepetsa ma sequelae omwe angakhalepo.

Zomwe zingayambitse encephalitis

Zomwe zimayambitsa encephalitis zamtunduwu sizikudziwika, ndipo nthawi zambiri zimawoneka mwa anthu athanzi. Amakhulupiliranso kuti ma autoantibodies amatha kuyamba pambuyo pa mitundu ina ya matenda, ndi mabakiteriya kapena ma virus, omwe angapangitse kuti apange ma antibodies osayenera.

Komabe, autoimmune encephalitis amathanso kuwoneka ngati chimodzi mwamawonetseredwe a chotupa patali, monga khansa yam'mapapo kapena ya chiberekero, mwachitsanzo, yomwe imatchedwa paraneoplastic syndrome. Chifukwa chake, pamaso pa encephalitis yodziyimira payokha, ndikofunikira kufufuza kupezeka kwa khansa.