Kukhumudwa Kwachilengedwe

Zamkati

• Kodi Kupsinjika Kwam'thupi Kumasiyana Bwanji Ndi Kupsinjika Kwambiri?
• Kodi Zizindikiro Za Kukhumudwa Kwamuyaya Ndi Ziti?
• Kodi Matenda Otha Kwambiri Amadziwika Bwanji?
• Kodi Matenda Okhazikika Amatha Bwanji?
• Mankhwala
• Chithandizo
• Thandizo la Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)
• Kusintha Kwamoyo
• Kodi Chiyembekezo Ndi Chiyani kwa Anthu Omwe Ali Ndi Matenda Okhazikika?
• Zothandizira Anthu Omwe Akuvutika Maganizo
• Magulu Othandizira
• Njira Yodzipha
• Kupewa Kudzipha

Kodi Kusokonezeka Maganizo Ndi Chiyani?

Kukhumudwa kwamkati ndi mtundu wa vuto lalikulu lachisoni (MDD). Ngakhale kale zimawoneka ngati vuto losiyana, kukhumudwa kwamkati sikupezeka kawirikawiri. M'malo mwake, pakadali pano amapezeka kuti ndi MDD. MDD, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti kukhumudwa kwamankhwala, ndimatenda amisala omwe amakhala ndikudzimva kwachisoni kwanthawi yayitali. Zomverera izi zimasokoneza malingaliro ndi machitidwe komanso ntchito zosiyanasiyana zakuthupi, kuphatikiza kugona ndi kudya. Pafupifupi 7 peresenti ya achikulire ku United States amakumana ndi MDD chaka chilichonse. Ochita kafukufuku sakudziwa chomwe chimayambitsa kukhumudwa. Komabe, amakhulupirira kuti mwina zimayambitsidwa ndi kuphatikiza kwa:

• zinthu zobadwa nazo
• zinthu zamoyo
• zinthu zamaganizidwe
• zinthu zachilengedwe

Anthu ena amakhala okhumudwa ataferedwa wokondedwa wawo, atathetsa chibwenzi, kapena atakumana ndi vuto lina. Komabe, kukhumudwa kwamkati kumachitika popanda chochitika chodziwikiratu kapena choyambitsa china. Zizindikiro nthawi zambiri zimawoneka mwadzidzidzi komanso popanda chifukwa.

Kodi Kupsinjika Kwam'thupi Kumasiyana Bwanji Ndi Kupsinjika Kwambiri?

Ofufuzawo amasiyanitsa kupsinjika kwamkati ndi kukhumudwa kwakanthawi pofika kapena kusapezeka kwa chochitika chovuta MDD isanachitike:

Kukhumudwa kwamkati kumachitika popanda kupsinjika kapena kukhumudwa. Mwanjira ina, ilibe chifukwa china chakunja. M'malo mwake, zimatha kuyambika makamaka chifukwa cha majini ndi zamoyo. Ichi ndichifukwa chake kukhumudwa kwamkati kumatha kutchulidwanso kuti "kukhudzika kwachilengedwe".

Kupsinjika kwakukulu kumachitika pambuyo poti chinthu chovuta kapena chowopsa chachitika. Matenda amtunduwu nthawi zambiri amatchedwa kukhumudwa kwa "zotakasika".

Ogwira ntchito zamaganizidwe amasiyanitsa mitundu iwiri ya MDD, koma sizili choncho. Ambiri mwa akatswiri azaumoyo tsopano amapeza matenda a MDD ambiri kutengera zizindikilo zina.

Kodi Zizindikiro Za Kukhumudwa Kwamuyaya Ndi Ziti?

Anthu omwe ali ndi vuto lokhalitsa amayamba kuwona zodzidzimutsa popanda chifukwa. Mtundu, kuchuluka, komanso kuuma kwa zizindikilo zimatha kusiyanasiyana malinga ndi munthu.

Zizindikiro zakukhumudwa kwamkati ndizofanana ndi za MDD. Zikuphatikizapo:

• kumangokhalira kumva chisoni kapena kutaya chiyembekezo
• kusiya chidwi ndi zochitika kapena zosangalatsa zomwe kale zinali zosangalatsa, kuphatikizapo kugonana
• kutopa
• kusowa chidwi
• kuvuta kulingalira, kuganiza, kapena kupanga zisankho
• kuvuta kugona kapena kugona
• kudzipatula pagulu
• maganizo ofuna kudzipha
• kupweteka mutu
• kupweteka kwa minofu
• kusowa chilakolako kapena kudya mopitirira muyeso

Kodi Matenda Otha Kwambiri Amadziwika Bwanji?

Wothandizira wanu wamkulu kapena wothandizira zaumoyo amatha kudziwa MDD. Adzakufunsani kaye mbiri yanu yazachipatala. Onetsetsani kuti muwadziwitse za mankhwala aliwonse omwe mukumwa komanso za zomwe zilipo kale zamankhwala kapena zamisala. Zimathandizanso kuwauza ngati wina m'banja mwanu ali ndi MDD kapena adakhalapo kale.

Wothandizira zaumoyo wanu adzakufunsani za zizindikiro zanu. Afuna kudziwa kuti zizindikirazo zidayamba liti komanso ngati zidayamba mutakumana ndi zovuta kapena zoopsa. Wothandizira zaumoyo wanu amathanso kukupatsirani mafunso angapo omwe amafufuza momwe mukumvera. Mafunso awa angawathandize kudziwa ngati muli ndi MDD.

Kuti mupezeke ndi MDD, muyenera kukwaniritsa zina zomwe zalembedwa mu Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disways (DSM). Bukuli limagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri ndi akatswiri azaumoyo kuti azindikire momwe alili. Njira zazikulu zodziwira MDD ndi "kukhumudwa kapena kutaya chidwi kapena kusangalala ndi zochitika zatsiku ndi tsiku kwa milungu yopitilira iwiri."

Ngakhale bukuli limagwiritsidwa ntchito kusiyanitsa mitundu yazokhumudwitsa ndi zakunja, mtundu wamakono sakupatsaninso kusiyana. Akatswiri azachipatala amatha kudziwa kuti ali ndi vuto lokhalitsa ngati ali ndi vuto la MDD popanda chifukwa.

Kodi Matenda Okhazikika Amatha Bwanji?

Kugonjetsa MDD si ntchito yophweka, koma zizindikiro zimatha kuchiritsidwa ndi kuphatikiza mankhwala ndi mankhwala.

Mankhwala

Mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pochiza anthu omwe ali ndi MDD amaphatikizapo serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) komanso serotonin ndi norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs). Anthu ena atha kupatsidwa mankhwala opatsirana pogonana a tricyclic (TCAs), koma mankhwalawa sagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri monga kale. Mankhwalawa amachulukitsa kuchuluka kwa mankhwala amubongo omwe amabweretsa kuchepa kwa zisonyezo zakukhumudwa.

SSRIs ndi mtundu wa mankhwala opatsirana pogonana omwe angatengedwe ndi anthu omwe ali ndi MDD. Zitsanzo za ma SSRIs ndi awa:

• paroxetine (Paxil)
• fluoxetine (Prozac)
• mankhwala (Zoloft)
• escitalopram (Lexapro)
• citalopram (Celexa)

SSRIs imatha kuyambitsa mutu, nseru, ndi kugona koyambirira. Komabe, zotsatirazi nthawi zambiri zimatha patangopita nthawi yochepa.

SNRIs ndi mtundu wina wa mankhwala opatsirana pogonana omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito pochiza anthu omwe ali ndi MDD. Zitsanzo za SNRIs ndi izi:

• venlafaxine (Effexor)
• duloxetine (Cymbalta)
• desvenlafaxine (Pristiq)

Nthawi zina, ma TCA atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati njira yochizira anthu omwe ali ndi MDD. Zitsanzo za ma TCA ndi monga:

• trimipramine (Surmontil)
• imipramine (Tofranil)
• nortriptyline (Pamelor)

Zotsatira zoyipa za ma TCA nthawi zina zimakhala zoyipa kwambiri kuposa zomwe zimachokera ku mankhwala ena opatsirana pogonana. Ma TCA amatha kuyambitsa tulo, chizungulire, komanso kunenepa. Werengani mosamala zambiri zomwe apatsidwe mankhwalawo ndipo lankhulani ndi adokotala ngati muli ndi nkhawa. Mankhwalawa amafunika kumwedwa kwa milungu ingapo mpaka sikisi asanakwane. Nthawi zina, zimatha kutenga milungu 12 kuti muwone kusintha kwa zizindikilo.

Ngati mankhwala ena akuwoneka kuti sakugwira ntchito, lankhulani ndi omwe amakupatsani mwayi wokhudza kusintha kwa mankhwala ena. Malinga ndi National Institute of Mental Health (NAMI), anthu omwe sanakhale bwino atamwa mankhwala awo oyamba opondereza anali ndi mwayi wabwino kwambiri wosintha atayesa mankhwala ena kapena kuphatikiza mankhwala.

Ngakhale zizindikiro zikayamba kusintha, muyenera kupitiriza kumwa mankhwala anu. Muyenera kusiya kumwa mankhwala moyang'aniridwa ndi omwe amakupatsani mankhwala. Muyenera kuyimitsa mankhwalawa pang'onopang'ono m'malo mwakamodzi. Kuyimitsa mwadzidzidzi antidepressant kumatha kubweretsa zizindikiritso zakutha. Zizindikiro za MDD zimathanso kubwerera ngati mankhwala atha posachedwa.

Chithandizo

Psychotherapy, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti chithandizo chamawu, imaphatikizapo kukumana ndi othandizira nthawi zonse. Chithandizo chamtunduwu chingakuthandizeni kuthana ndi vuto lanu komanso zina zilizonse zokhudzana nazo. Mitundu ikuluikulu iwiri ya psychotherapy ndi chidziwitso cha machitidwe azachipatala (CBT) ndi othandizira ena (IPT).

CBT ikhoza kukuthandizani kuti musinthe zikhulupiriro zolakwika ndikuyika zabwino. Mukamachita dala kuganiza moyenera ndikuchepetsa malingaliro osalimbikitsa, mutha kusintha momwe ubongo wanu umayankhira pazovuta.

IPT itha kukuthandizani kuthana ndi mavuto am'bwenzi omwe atha kukuthandizani kuti mukhale ndi vuto.

Nthaŵi zambiri, mankhwala ndi mankhwala amathandiza kuchiza anthu omwe ali ndi MDD.

Thandizo la Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) itha kuchitidwa ngati zizindikilo sizikusintha ndi mankhwala ndi mankhwala. ECT imaphatikizapo kulumikiza maelekitirodi kumutu omwe amatumiza magetsi kuubongo, ndikupangitsa kugwidwa kwakanthawi. Chithandizo chamtunduwu sichowopsa momwe chimamvekera ndipo chasintha bwino kwazaka zambiri. Zitha kuthandiza kuthandizira anthu omwe ali ndi vuto lokhalitsa mwa kusintha machitidwe am'magazi muubongo.

Kusintha Kwamoyo

Kusintha zina ndi zina pamoyo wanu ndi zochita zanu za tsiku ndi tsiku zitha kuthandizanso kukulitsa zizindikilo zakukhumudwa kwamkati. Ngakhale ntchitozo sizikhala zosangalatsa poyamba, thupi lanu ndi malingaliro anu zimasintha pakapita nthawi. Nazi zina zomwe mungayesere:

• Pitani panja mukachite china chogwira ntchito, monga kukwera mapiri kapena kupalasa njinga.
• Chitani nawo zinthu zomwe mumakonda musanakhumudwe.
• Muzicheza ndi anthu ena, kuphatikizapo anzanu komanso okondedwa anu.
• Lembani muzolemba.
• Kugona maola osachepera asanu ndi limodzi usiku uliwonse.
• Khalani ndi chakudya chopatsa thanzi chomwe chimakhala ndi mbewu zonse, mapuloteni owonda, ndi masamba.

Kodi Chiyembekezo Ndi Chiyani kwa Anthu Omwe Ali Ndi Matenda Okhazikika?

Anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi MDD amachira akatsatira dongosolo lawo la mankhwala. Zimatengera milungu ingapo kuti ziwoneke bwino mutayamba kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opatsirana pogonana. Ena angafunike kuyesa mitundu ingapo yama antidepressant asanayambe kusintha.

Kutalika kwa kuchira kumadaliranso momwe amalandila chithandizo choyambirira. Mukasiya chithandizo, MDD imatha miyezi ingapo kapena zaka. Mukalandira chithandizo, komabe, zizindikilo zimatha miyezi iwiri kapena itatu.

Ngakhale zizindikiro zikayamba kuchepa, ndikofunikira kupitiriza kumwa mankhwala onse oyenera kupatula ngati wothandizirayo akukuuzani kuti ndibwino kusiya. Kutsiriza chithandizo msanga kwambiri kumatha kubweretsa kuyambiranso kapena kusiya zizindikilo zotchedwa antidepressant discontinuation syndrome.

Zothandizira Anthu Omwe Akuvutika Maganizo

Pali magulu ambiri othandizira mwa iwo okha komanso pa intaneti komanso zinthu zina zomwe zingathandize anthu omwe ali ndi MDD.

Magulu Othandizira

Mabungwe ambiri, monga National Alliance on Mental Illness, amapereka maphunziro, magulu othandizira, komanso upangiri. Mapulogalamu othandizira ogwira ntchito komanso magulu azipembedzo amathanso kupereka chithandizo kwa iwo omwe ali ndi vuto lokhalitsa.

Njira Yodzipha

Imbani 911 kapena pitani kuchipinda chadzidzidzi nthawi yomweyo ngati mukuganiza zodzipweteka nokha kapena ena. Muthanso kuyitanitsa National Suicide Prevention Lifeline ku 800-273-TALK (8255). Ntchitoyi imapezeka maola 24 patsiku, masiku asanu ndi awiri pa sabata. Muthanso kucheza nawo pa intaneti.

Kupewa Kudzipha

Ngati mukuganiza kuti wina ali pachiwopsezo chodzivulaza kapena kukhumudwitsa wina:

• Imbani 911 kapena nambala yanu yadzidzidzi yakomweko.
• Khalani ndi munthuyo mpaka thandizo litafika.
• Chotsani mfuti, mipeni, mankhwala, kapena zinthu zina zomwe zitha kuvulaza.
• Mverani, koma osaweruza, kutsutsana, kuopseza, kapena kufuula.

Ngati mukuganiza kuti wina akufuna kudzipha, pezani thandizo kuchokera pamavuto kapena njira yodziletsa yodzipha. Yesani National Suicide Prevention Lifeline pa 800-273-8255.

Magwero: National Suicide Prevention Lifeline ndi Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mankhwala Osokoneza bongo ndi Ntchito Zoyang'anira Zaumoyo