Schizophrenia: ndi chiyani, mitundu yayikulu ndi chithandizo

Zamkati

• Zizindikiro zazikulu
• Mitundu yake ndi iti
• 1. Paranoid schizophrenia
• 2. Matenda a Catatonic Schizophrenia
• 3. Achihebri kapena Osasokonezeka Schizophrenia
• 4. Opanda tanthauzo la schizophrenia
• 5. Zotsalira za schizophrenia
• Zomwe zimayambitsa schizophrenia
• Momwe mankhwalawa amachitikira
• Schizophrenia yaubwana

Schizophrenia ndi matenda amisala omwe amadziwika ndi kusintha kwa magwiridwe antchito am'maganizo omwe amachititsa kusokonezeka kwamalingaliro ndi momwe akumvera, kusintha kwamakhalidwe, kuphatikiza pakusiya kuzindikira zenizeni komanso kuweruza.

Ngakhale ndizofala kwambiri pakati pa 15 ndi 35 wazaka, schizophrenia imatha kuwonekera msinkhu uliwonse, ndipo nthawi zambiri imadziwika ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana, monga paranoid, catatonic, hebephrenic kapena osayanjanitsika, mwachitsanzo, omwe amawonetsa zizindikilo kuyambira pakulakalaka, malingaliro, kusagwirizana khalidwe, kutaya chidwi kapena kusintha kukumbukira.

Schizophrenia imakhudza pafupifupi 1% ya anthu, ndipo ngakhale ilibe mankhwala, imatha kuyendetsedwa bwino ndi mankhwala oletsa ma psychotic, monga Risperidone, Quetiapine kapena Clozapine, mwachitsanzo, motsogozedwa ndi wazamisala, kuwonjezera pamankhwala ena, monga psychotherapy ndi chithandizo chantchito, ngati njira yothandizira wodwalayo kukhazikitsanso ndi kukhazikitsanso m'banja komanso pagulu.

Zizindikiro zazikulu

Pali zizindikiro zingapo zomwe zimapezeka mwa munthu yemwe ali ndi schizophrenia, zomwe zimatha kusiyanasiyana malinga ndi munthu aliyense komanso mtundu wa schizophrenia womwe umayamba, ndikuphatikizanso zizindikilo zotchedwa zabwino (zomwe zimayamba kuchitika), zoyipa (zomwe zinali zachilendo, koma siyani kuchitika)) kapena kuzindikira (zovuta pokonza zambiri).

Mfundo zazikuluzikulu ndi izi:

• Zonyenga, zomwe zimabwera munthu akamakhulupirira mwamphamvu china chake chomwe sichili chenicheni, monga kuzunzidwa, kuperekedwa kapena amene ali ndi mphamvu zazikulu, mwachitsanzo. Kumvetsetsa bwino zomwe delirium, mitundu ndi zomwe zimayambitsa;
• Ziwerengero, ndi malingaliro omveka komanso omveka bwino pazinthu zomwe kulibe, monga kumva mawu kapena kuwona masomphenya;
• Maganizo osagwirizana, momwe munthuyo amalankhulira zinthu zosalumikizidwa komanso zopanda tanthauzo;
• Zovuta m'njira yosunthira, ndi mayendedwe osagwirizana komanso osagwira ntchito, kuwonjezera pa kukopana, komwe kumadziwika ndi kusayenda, kukhalapo kwa mayendedwe obwereza, kuyang'anitsitsa, kukomoka, kulankhulalankhula kapena kukhala wosalankhula, mwachitsanzo;
• Khalidwe limasintha, pakhoza kukhala kuphulika kwa psychotic, kupsa mtima, kusokonezeka komanso chiopsezo chodzipha;
• Zizindikiro zoyipa, monga kutaya mtima kapena kufuna kuchita zinthu, kusowa chonena, kudzipatula, kusadzisamalira;
• Kupanda chidwi ndi chidwi;
• Kukumbukira kumasintha ndi zovuta kuphunzira.

Schizophrenia imatha kuwoneka modzidzimutsa, m'masiku, kapena pang'onopang'ono, ndikusintha komwe kumawonekera pang'onopang'ono pakadutsa miyezi mpaka zaka. Nthawi zambiri, zizindikilo zoyambirira zimawonedwa ndi abale awo kapena abwenzi apamtima, omwe amawona kuti munthuyo ndi wokayikitsa, wosokonezeka, wosakhazikika kapena wakutali.

Kuti atsimikizire schizophrenia, katswiri wazamisala awunika zizindikilo zomwe munthuyo wapereka ndipo, ngati kuli kofunikira, ayitanitse mayesero monga computed tomography kapena maginito oyeserera amutu wa chigaza kuti athetse matenda ena omwe angayambitse matenda amisala, monga ubongo chotupa kapena matenda amisala, mwachitsanzo.

Mitundu yake ndi iti

Classischizophrenia imatha kugawidwa m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana, malinga ndi zizindikilo zazikulu zomwe munthuyo ali nazo. Komabe, malinga ndi DSM V, yomwe imagawa zovuta zamaganizidwe osiyanasiyana, kukhalapo kwa ma subtypes angapo sikukuganiziridwanso, popeza malinga ndi kafukufuku wambiri palibe kusiyana pakusintha ndi chithandizo cha kagawo kalikonse.

Komabe, mtundu wakale umaphatikizapo kupezeka kwa mitundu iyi:

1. Paranoid schizophrenia

Ndiwo mtundu wofala kwambiri, momwe zimasokonekera komanso kuyerekezera zinthu kwapadera, makamaka mawu akumva, ndikusintha kwamachitidwe, monga kubvutika, kusakhazikika, ndizofala. Dziwani zambiri za paranoid schizophrenia.

2. Matenda a Catatonic Schizophrenia

Amadziwika ndi kupezeka kwa catatonism, komwe munthu samachita moyenera ndi chilengedwe, poyenda pang'onopang'ono kapena kufooka kwa thupi, momwe munthu amatha kukhalabe pamalo omwewo kwa maola mpaka masiku, pang'onopang'ono kapena osalankhula, kubwereza mawu kapena mawu omwe wina wanena kumene, komanso kubwereza mayendedwe odabwitsa, kupanga nkhope kapena kuyang'anitsitsa.

Ndi mtundu wocheperako wa schizophrenia, ndipo ndi wovuta kuchiza, pachiwopsezo cha zovuta monga kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi kapena kudzivulaza, mwachitsanzo.

3. Achihebri kapena Osasokonezeka Schizophrenia

Maganizo osagwirizana amakhala ambiri, ndimafotokozedwe opanda tanthauzo komanso osagwirizana, kuphatikiza pakupezeka kwa zizindikilo zoyipa, monga kusakondweretsedwa, kudzipatula pagulu komanso kutaya mwayi wochita zochitika za tsiku ndi tsiku.

4. Opanda tanthauzo la schizophrenia

Zimachitika pakakhala zizindikiro za schizophrenia, komabe, munthuyo sagwirizana ndi mitundu yomwe yatchulidwa.

5. Zotsalira za schizophrenia

Ndi matenda aakulu. Zimachitika pomwe zofunikira za schizophrenia zidachitika m'mbuyomu, koma sizikugwira ntchito pano, komabe, palinso zisonyezo zoyipa monga kuchepa, kudzipatula pagulu, kusowa chidwi kapena chikondi, kuchepa kwa nkhope kapena kusadzisamalira, mwachitsanzo .

Zomwe zimayambitsa schizophrenia

Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a schizophrenia sizikudziwika, komabe, zimadziwika kuti kukula kwake kumakhudzidwa ndi ma genetics, popeza pali chiopsezo chachikulu m'banja lomwelo, komanso zinthu zachilengedwe, zomwe zingaphatikizepo kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo. monga chamba, matenda opatsirana ndi ma virus, makolo atakalamba panthawi yomwe ali ndi pakati, osowa zakudya m'thupi ali ndi pakati, zovuta zobereka, zovuta zamaganizidwe kapena kuzunzidwa kapena kugwiriridwa.

Momwe mankhwalawa amachitikira

Chithandizo cha schizophrenia chimatsogozedwa ndi wamisala, ndimankhwala ochepetsa matenda aubongo, monga Risperidone, Quetiapine, Olanzapine kapena Clozapine, mwachitsanzo, omwe amathandiza kuwongolera makamaka zizindikilo zabwino, monga kuyerekezera zinthu m'maganizo, kusokeretsa kapena kusintha kwamakhalidwe.

Mankhwala ena opatsirana pogonana, monga Diazepam, kapena oteteza mtima, monga Carbamazepine, atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuthana ndi vuto pakakhala kusokonezeka kapena kuda nkhawa, kuwonjezera pa mankhwala opatsirana, monga Sertraline, atha kusonyezedwa pakakhala kukhumudwa.

Kuphatikiza apo, psychotherapy ndi chithandizo chantchito ndizofunikira, ngati njira yothandizira pakukonzanso bwino ndikumupatsanso wodwalayo kukhala pagulu. Kuwunikira komanso kuwunika m'mabanja ndi magulu othandizira ndi madera ena nawonso ndi njira zofunika kuti chithandizo chithandizire.

Schizophrenia yaubwana

Schizophrenia yaubwana imatchedwa schizophrenia yoyambirira, chifukwa siichuluka kwa ana. Amakhala ndi zizindikilo ndi mitundu yofanana ndi schizophrenia mwa akulu, komabe, nthawi zambiri imayamba pang'onopang'ono, nthawi zambiri kumakhala kovuta kutanthauzira pomwe idayamba.

Kusintha kwa kaganizidwe kumakhala kofala kwambiri, pamalingaliro osokonekera, zopeka, kuyerekezera zinthu m'maganizo komanso zovuta kucheza ndi anthu. Chithandizo chimachitidwa ndi mwana wamisala wa mwana, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala, monga Haloperidol, Risperidone kapena Olanzapine, mwachitsanzo, ndi psychotherapy, chithandizo chantchito komanso kuwongolera mabanja ndikofunikanso.