Kumvetsetsa Zambiri ndi Ziwerengero Zokhudza Melanoma

Zamkati

• Mlingo wa khansa ya pakhungu ikukwera
• Melanoma imatha kufalikira mwachangu
• Kuchiza msanga kumawonjezera mwayi wopulumuka
• Kutentha kwa dzuwa ndi chiopsezo chachikulu
• Mabedi osanjikiza ndiowopsa
• Mtundu wa khungu umakhudza mwayi wopeza ndi khansa ya khansa
• Amuna achikulire achikulire ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu
• Chizindikiro chofala kwambiri ndikutuluka kosasintha pakhungu
• Melanoma itha kupewedwa
• Kutenga

Melanoma ndi khansa yapakhungu yomwe imayamba m'maselo a pigment. Popita nthawi, imatha kufalikira kuchokera kumaselo kupita mbali zina za thupi.

Kuphunzira zambiri za khansa ya khansa kungakuthandizeni kuti muchepetse mwayi wokhala nawo. Ngati inu kapena munthu amene mumamukonda ali ndi khansa ya khansa, kupeza mfundozo kungakuthandizeni kumvetsetsa za kufunika kwa mankhwalawo.

Pitilizani kuwerenga kuti muwerenge ziwerengero zazikuluzikulu zokhudzana ndi khansa ya khansa.

Mlingo wa khansa ya pakhungu ikukwera

Malinga ndi American Academy of Dermatology (AAD), kuchuluka kwa khansa ya khansa ku United States idakwera kawiri pakati pa 1982 ndi 2011. AAD imanenanso kuti mu 2019, khansa ya khansa yowopsa idanenedwa kuti ndiyo khansa yachisanu yomwe imapezeka mwa amuna onse komanso akazi.

Ngakhale anthu ambiri akupezeka kuti ali ndi khansa ya khansa, anthu ambiri akupezanso chithandizo chamankhwalawa.

American Cancer Society inanena kuti kwa achikulire osakwanitsa zaka 50, miyezo yakufa kwa khansa ya khansa idatsika ndi 7 peresenti pachaka kuyambira 2013 mpaka 2017. Kwa achikulire, mitengo yaimfa idatsika kuposa 5% pachaka.

Melanoma imatha kufalikira mwachangu

Melanoma imatha kufalikira kuchokera pakhungu kupita mbali zina za thupi.

Ikafalikira kuma lymph node apafupi, amadziwika kuti siteji 3 khansa ya khansa. Pamapeto pake imatha kufalikira kumatenda akutali ndi ziwalo zina, monga mapapu kapena ubongo. Izi zimadziwika kuti melanoma ya 4.

Khansa ya khansa ikafalikira, zimakhala zovuta kuchiza. Ndicho chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kupeza chithandizo msanga.

Kuchiza msanga kumawonjezera mwayi wopulumuka

Malinga ndi National Cancer Institute (NCI), zaka 5 zapulumuka khansa ya khansa ili pafupifupi 92%. Izi zikutanthauza kuti anthu 92 pa 100 aliwonse omwe ali ndi khansa ya khansa amakhala zaka 5 atalandira matendawa.

Kupulumuka kwa khansa ya khansa kumakhala kwakukulu kwambiri khansa ikapezeka ndikumuchiza msanga. Ngati yafalikira kale mbali zina za thupi ikapezeka, mwayi wopulumuka ndi wotsika.

Khansa ya khansa ikafalikira kuyambira pomwe imayamba kupita kumadera akutali a thupi, zaka 5 zapulumuka ndizochepera 25%, imatero NCI.

Msinkhu wa munthu komanso thanzi lake limakhudzanso malingaliro awo ataliatali.

Kutentha kwa dzuwa ndi chiopsezo chachikulu

Kuwonongeka kwadzidzidzi kwa dzuwa kuchokera ku dzuwa ndi zinthu zina ndizomwe zimayambitsa khansa ya khansa.

Malinga ndi Skin Cancer Foundation, kafukufuku apeza kuti pafupifupi 86 peresenti ya khansa ya khansa imayambitsidwa ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa kuchokera ku dzuwa. Ngati mwapsa ndi dzuwa kasanu kapena kuposapo m'moyo wanu, zimawonjezera chiopsezo chanu chotenga khansa ya khansa. Ngakhale kuwotcha kotentha kamodzi kumatha kukulitsa mwayi wanu wodwala matendawa.

Mabedi osanjikiza ndiowopsa

Skin Cancer Foundation imachenjeza kuti pafupifupi 6,200 odwala khansa yapakhungu pachaka amalumikizidwa ndi khungu lakunyumba ku United States.

Bungweli limalangizanso kuti anthu omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mabedi osalaza asanakwanitse zaka 35 atha kukhala pachiwopsezo chotenga khansa ya khansa ndi 75%. Kugwiritsa ntchito mabedi ofufuta zikuluzikulu kumayambitsanso chiopsezo chotenga mitundu ina ya khansa yapakhungu, monga basal cell kapena squamous cell carcinoma.

Pofuna kuteteza anthu ku ngozi zowotchera m'nyumba, Australia ndi Brazil aletsa konse. Mayiko ndi mayiko ena aletsa kusungunuka kwa khungu kwa ana ochepera zaka 18.

Mtundu wa khungu umakhudza mwayi wopeza ndi khansa ya khansa

Anthu aku Caucasus ali pachiwopsezo chotenga khansa ya melanoma kuposa mamembala ena, inatero AAD. Makamaka, anthu aku Caucasus omwe ali ndi tsitsi lofiira kapena lalitali komanso omwe amawotcha ndi dzuwa ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu.

Komabe, anthu omwe ali ndi khungu lakuda amathanso khansa yamtunduwu. Akatero, nthawi zambiri amapezeka pambuyo pake zikavuta.

Malinga ndi AAD, anthu amtundu wochepa kuposa anthu aku Caucasus kuti apulumuke khansa ya khansa.

Amuna achikulire achikulire ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu

Matenda ambiri a khansa ya khansa amapezeka mwa azungu azaka zopitilira 55, malinga ndi Skin Cancer Foundation.

Bungweli lati nthawi yonse ya moyo wawo, m'modzi mwa amuna 28 azungu ndipo 1 mwa akazi azungu 41 adwala khansa ya khansa. Komabe, chiopsezo cha abambo ndi amai chokhala nacho chimasintha pakapita nthawi.

Pansi pa zaka 49, azimayi azungu ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu kuposa azungu kukhala ndi khansa yamtunduwu. Mwa achikulire achikulire achikulire, amuna amakhala othekera kwambiri kuposa amayi kukulitsa.

Chizindikiro chofala kwambiri ndikutuluka kosasintha pakhungu

Melanoma nthawi zambiri imawoneka ngati khungu pakhungu - kapena chodetsa chachilendo, chilema, kapena chotupa.

Ngati malo atsopano atuluka pakhungu lanu, akhoza kukhala chizindikiro cha khansa ya pakhungu. Ngati malo omwe adalipo ayamba kusintha mawonekedwe, utoto, kapena kukula, izi zitha kukhalanso chizindikiro cha vutoli.

Pangani msonkhano ndi dokotala mukawona malo atsopano kapena osintha pakhungu lanu.

Melanoma itha kupewedwa

Kuteteza khungu lanu ku radiation ya radiation kungakuthandizeni kuchepetsa mwayi wopanga khansa ya khansa.

Pofuna kuteteza khungu lanu, Melanoma Research Alliance imalangiza anthu kuti:

• pewani khungu m'nyumba
• valani zoteteza ku dzuwa ndi SPF ya 30 kapena kupitilira apo mukakhala panja masana, ngakhale kuli mitambo kapena yozizira panja
• valani magalasi, chipewa, ndi zovala zina zotetezera panja
• khalani m'nyumba kapena mumthunzi pakati pa masana

Kuchita izi kungathandize kupewa khansa ya khansa, komanso mitundu ina ya khansa yapakhungu.

Kutenga

Aliyense akhoza kukhala ndi khansa ya khansa, koma imafala kwambiri kwa anthu omwe ali ndi khungu lowala, amuna achikulire, komanso omwe ali ndi mbiri yotentha ndi dzuwa.

Mungachepetse chiopsezo chanu chokhala ndi khansa ya khansa popewera kutentha kwa nthawi yayitali, kugwiritsa ntchito zotchinga dzuwa ndi SPF ya 30 kapena kupitilira apo, komanso kupewa mabedi ofufuta.

Ngati mukuganiza kuti mwina mungakhale ndi khansa ya pakhungu, konzekerani ndi dokotala nthawi yomweyo. Khansa yamtunduwu ikapezeka ndikuchiritsidwa msanga, mwayi wopulumuka umakhala waukulu.